Changes

|page=57

|page=57

|isbn=978-0-146-000-478

|isbn=978-0-146-000-478

|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=e-FTSHPpuAAC&q=Gould+Adam%E2%80%99s+Navel&dq=Gould+Adam%E2%80%99s+Navel&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GF8OUbjICuSn4ATLi4G4DQ&redir_esc=y

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-FTSHPpuAAC&q=Gould+Adam%E2%80%99s+Navel&dq=Gould+Adam%E2%80%99s+Navel&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GF8OUbjICuSn4ATLi4G4DQ&redir_esc=y

|quote=I well remember something that [[Francis Crick]] said to me many years ago, when my own functionalist biases were strong. He remarked, in response to an adaptive story I had invented with alacrity and agility to explain the meaning of repetitive DNA: ‘''Why do you evolutionists always try to identify the value of something '''before you know how it is made'''''?’

|quote=I well remember something that [[Francis Crick]] said to me many years ago, when my own functionalist biases were strong. He remarked, in response to an adaptive story I had invented with alacrity and agility to explain the meaning of repetitive DNA: ‘''Why do you evolutionists always try to identify the value of something '''before you know how it is made'''''?’

|note=The quote seems to be missing at google books hence the edition obviously matters}}</ref> Szostak provided the following explanation why evolutionists are condemned to make the frequent inferences to evolution of the gap: As they do not feel smart enough to design things, they prefer to resort to alien unknown mechanism of evolution ''"to do the hard work"'' and only afterwards they attempt to figure out what happened.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artificial Life Closer Than You Think |author= |publisher=cbsnews; originally The Associated Press|date=February 11, 2009 |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-205_162-3183953.html|quote="We aren't smart enough to design things, we just let evolution do the hard work and then we figure out what happened," Szostak said.}}</ref> Whenever anyone asserts that this or that organ or organisms developed by means of evolution, the speaker or writer is in fact using a ''[[Thought-terminating cliché|cliché]]'' to express his ignorance about what had happened in unobservable past.<ref>{{cite book

|note=The quote seems to be missing at google books hence the edition obviously matters}}</ref> Szostak provided the following explanation why evolutionists are condemned to make the frequent inferences to evolution of the gap: As they do not feel smart enough to design things, they prefer to resort to alien unknown mechanism of evolution ''"to do the hard work"'' and only afterwards they attempt to figure out what happened.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artificial Life Closer Than You Think |author= |publisher=cbsnews; originally The Associated Press|date=February 11, 2009 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/2100-205_162-3183953.html|quote="We aren't smart enough to design things, we just let evolution do the hard work and then we figure out what happened," Szostak said.}}</ref> Whenever anyone asserts that this or that organ or organisms developed by means of evolution, the speaker or writer is in fact using a ''[[Thought-terminating cliché|cliché]]'' to express his ignorance about what had happened in unobservable past.<ref>{{cite book

|author=Randal Hedtke

|author=Randal Hedtke

|title=Secrets of the Sixth Edition

|title=Secrets of the Sixth Edition

|pages=89

|pages=89

|isbn=978-0-89051-597-6

|isbn=978-0-89051-597-6

|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gvyHquVubDoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hedtke+The+secrets+of+the+sixth+edition&source=bl&ots=VQBk7unu95&sig=3-pYZsIj2vzBHgcIbYEpexlVc9s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FsOGUO2kCIKJ4gS-tYCoBg&redir_esc=y}}</ref>

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gvyHquVubDoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hedtke+The+secrets+of+the+sixth+edition&source=bl&ots=VQBk7unu95&sig=3-pYZsIj2vzBHgcIbYEpexlVc9s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FsOGUO2kCIKJ4gS-tYCoBg&redir_esc=y}}</ref>

==Evolution of the gaps as anti-theory==

==Evolution of the gaps as anti-theory==

==Typical examples==

==Typical examples==

* ''Evolution of the eye during the so called Cambrian explosion''. It is assured that "Complex eyes appear to have first evolved within a few million years, in the ''rapid burst of evolution'' known as the [[Cambrian explosion]]. There is no evidence of eyes before the Cambrian, but a wide range of diversity is evident in the Middle Cambrian." The ''Cambrian explosion'' is postulated as replacement for the gap in any [[Explanation in science|scientific explanation]] of what have allegedly happened and alien faculties for rapid innovation in fine-scale [[anatomy]] as well as gross [[morphology]] are attributed to it, resulting in what is presented as ''"great evolutionary event"''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lee M.S.Y., Jago, J.B., Garcia-Bellido, D.C., Edgecombe, G.E., Gehling, J.G, Paterson, J.R. |title=Modern optics in exceptionally preserved eyes of Early Cambrian arthropods from Australia |publisher=[[Nature (journal)]] |date=30 June 2011|issue=474 |pages=631–634 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v474/n7353/full/nature10097.html |accessdate= August 4, 2013}}</ref>

* ''Evolution of the eye during the so called Cambrian explosion''. It is assured that "Complex eyes appear to have first evolved within a few million years, in the ''rapid burst of evolution'' known as the [[Cambrian explosion]]. There is no evidence of eyes before the Cambrian, but a wide range of diversity is evident in the Middle Cambrian." The ''Cambrian explosion'' is postulated as replacement for the gap in any [[Explanation in science|scientific explanation]] of what have allegedly happened and alien faculties for rapid innovation in fine-scale [[anatomy]] as well as gross [[morphology]] are attributed to it, resulting in what is presented as ''"great evolutionary event"''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lee M.S.Y., Jago, J.B., Garcia-Bellido, D.C., Edgecombe, G.E., Gehling, J.G, Paterson, J.R. |title=Modern optics in exceptionally preserved eyes of Early Cambrian arthropods from Australia |publisher=[[Nature (journal)]] |date=30 June 2011|issue=474 |pages=631–634 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v474/n7353/full/nature10097.html |accessdate= August 4, 2013}}</ref>

*''2011 Nobel Prize interview on description of immune system.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview about 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |publisher=Nobelprize.org |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NG3dXEH7kbs |quote=...So this is really evolution at work, I mean the bacteria are trying to get around our immune system and the immune system is trying to work against them. Exactly, that is what it is and you mentioned the word evolution - it's amazing that we have kept our immune system for more than 600 million years. Hoffman discovered the immune system in flies. Amazingly, the same type of system operates in us, in you and me. I got it that it's actually the same gene  that works in [[Fruit fly|fruit flies]] and in us. Yes, it's a very similar gene which indeed to us means that something is important. If something is conserved throughout evolution, its probably very important.}}</ref>  

*''2011 Nobel Prize interview on description of immune system.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview about 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |publisher=Nobelprize.org |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NG3dXEH7kbs |quote=...So this is really evolution at work, I mean the bacteria are trying to get around our immune system and the immune system is trying to work against them. Exactly, that is what it is and you mentioned the word evolution - it's amazing that we have kept our immune system for more than 600 million years. Hoffman discovered the immune system in flies. Amazingly, the same type of system operates in us, in you and me. I got it that it's actually the same gene  that works in [[Fruit fly|fruit flies]] and in us. Yes, it's a very similar gene which indeed to us means that something is important. If something is conserved throughout evolution, its probably very important.}}</ref>  

**Participants in interview take effort to impose into the discussion the buzzword 'evolution':   

**Participants in interview take effort to impose into the discussion the buzzword 'evolution':   

***The expression "This is really 'evolution' at work" is associated with following [[phenomena]]: the fight between [[bacteria]] and [[immune system]]: "the bacteria are trying to get around our immune system and the immune system is trying to work against them". Immune defense response has however nothing to do with any known definition of evolution whatsoever and the association with its simple description is far-fetched. [[Pasteur]] perceived processes of this kind as hallmarks of [[intelligent design|design]] in nature by [[Creator]]: ''"If [[God]] had not seen to it that the organic laws governing the [[mutation]]s of [[tissue]] and [[liquid]]s in living bodies prevent [[microbe|microscopic beings']] propagation, at least in the normal conditions of [[life]] and [[health]], we would live under the constant threat of being overwhelmed by them."''<ref>[[Microbe|Pasteur on The Descructive Role of Microscopic Beings]]</ref>   

***The expression "This is really 'evolution' at work" is associated with following [[phenomena]]: the fight between [[bacteria]] and [[immune system]]: "the bacteria are trying to get around our immune system and the immune system is trying to work against them". Immune defense response has however nothing to do with any known definition of evolution whatsoever and the association with its simple description is far-fetched. [[Pasteur]] perceived processes of this kind as hallmarks of [[intelligent design|design]] in nature by [[Creator]]: ''"If [[God]] had not seen to it that the organic laws governing the [[mutation]]s of [[tissue]] and [[liquid]]s in living bodies prevent [[microbe|microscopic beings']] propagation, at least in the normal conditions of [[life]] and [[health]], we would live under the constant threat of being overwhelmed by them."''<ref>[[Microbe|Pasteur on The Descructive Role of Microscopic Beings]]</ref>