Changes

==First general strikes==

==First general strikes==

In May 1904, a clash between workers and police left two dead and fifteen injured. In 1907, the feminist-anarchist league was established in Buenos Aires. Toward the end of the decade there arose a situation in which the brutality of the police authorities and the militancy of the workers incited each other to greater heights, until, on May Day, 1909, a giant gathering marched through the Argentinian capital and was broken up by the police, who inflicted some 12 killed and a hundred wounded.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19091116.2.64 BUENOS AIRES TRAGEDY. TWO POLICE OFFICIALS KILLED. Buenos Aires Tragedy. Evening Post, 16 November 1909, Page 7]</ref> It was reported at the time that anarchists had provoked the violence.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=BA19090503.2.23 AN ANARCHISTS' RIOT, Bush Advocate, 3 May 1909]</ref>Argentinian President José Figueroa Alcorta narrowly himself escaped death when an anarchist bomb was thrown at him while he was driving in Buenos Aires on February 28, 1908.<ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kVxjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MWQNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2020,2967528&dq= NEW ANARCHIST PLOT. Two Arrests and Raid on Bomb Factory in Buenos Ayres,  The Evening News, 11 July 1911.]</ref>The government officials were again thrown into panic when a 19-year-old anarchist, Jewish-Ukrainian migrant Simón Radowitzky, killed with a hand-held bomb the city's police chief, Ramón Falcón and his aide Alberto Lartigau, who were driving through Callao street in Buenos Aires on November 15, 1909. On October 16, 1909, bombs exploded at the Spanish consulate in the city of Rosario, injuring an anarchist and damaging the building.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19091018.2.59  BOMBS EXPLODED IN SPANISH CONSULATE, Evening Post, 18 October 1909.]</ref> In late 1909, as a result of Falcón's assassination the self-styled "Patriotic students" known as ''Juventud Autonomista'' was formed. On May 25, 1910, in an effort to disrupt the Argentine centennial celebrations in Buenos Aires, an anarchist gave a bomb to an unsuspecting boy to carry into a cathedral, the bomb however exploded prematurely and the boy was killed and another lost both arms.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19100603.2.59  BOMBS IN ARGENTINA. BOY BLOWN TO ATOMS, Evening Post, 3 June 1910]</ref> On June 28, 1910, another bomb exploded in the ''Teatro Colón'' in downtown Buenos Aires and 20 theatre-goers were injured and the Senate and Chamber of Deputies passed a bill calling for capital punishment for those anarchists responsible for causing death.<ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Nf9QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JWYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3804,6720471&dq= FIND BOMB FACTORY. Argentine Capital Stirred by Uncovering Anarchists Lair. The Gazette Times, 10 July 1911]</ref> On July 9, 1916, an attempt to assassinate Argentine President Victorino de la Plaza was made by a gun-wielding self-confessed anarchist. The attack was executed while the president was reviewing a troop march past during celebrations of the one-hundred anniversary of Argentinian independence.<ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v6dRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LmgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4473,3490772&dq=  EFFORT MADE TO KILL PRESIDENT OF ARGENTINE, The Gazette Times, 10 July, 1916.]</ref>On February 9, 1918, violent strikes took place across Argentina and regular troops were rushed to the affected areas after anarchists wrecked trains, destroyed tracks and burned carriages laden with wheat for export.<ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yQteAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7l8NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3282,3532019&dq=  Anarchy Reigns in Argentina When General Rail Strike Brings Riots, The Telegraph-Herald, 10 February 1918]</ref>

In May 1904, a clash between workers and police left two dead and fifteen injured. In 1907, the feminist-anarchist league was established in Buenos Aires. Toward the end of the decade there arose a situation in which the brutality of the police authorities and the militancy of the workers incited each other to greater heights, until, on May Day, 1909, a giant gathering marched through the Argentinian capital and was broken up by the police, who inflicted some 12 killed and a hundred wounded.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19091116.2.64 BUENOS AIRES TRAGEDY. TWO POLICE OFFICIALS KILLED. Buenos Aires Tragedy. Evening Post, 16 November 1909, Page 7]</ref> It was reported at the time that anarchists had provoked the violence.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=BA19090503.2.23 AN ANARCHISTS' RIOT, Bush Advocate, 3 May 1909]</ref>Argentinian President José Figueroa Alcorta narrowly himself escaped death when an anarchist bomb was thrown at him while he was driving in Buenos Aires on February 28, 1908.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kVxjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MWQNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2020,2967528&dq= NEW ANARCHIST PLOT. Two Arrests and Raid on Bomb Factory in Buenos Ayres,  The Evening News, 11 July 1911.]</ref>The government officials were again thrown into panic when a 19-year-old anarchist, Jewish-Ukrainian migrant Simón Radowitzky, killed with a hand-held bomb the city's police chief, Ramón Falcón and his aide Alberto Lartigau, who were driving through Callao street in Buenos Aires on November 15, 1909. On October 16, 1909, bombs exploded at the Spanish consulate in the city of Rosario, injuring an anarchist and damaging the building.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19091018.2.59  BOMBS EXPLODED IN SPANISH CONSULATE, Evening Post, 18 October 1909.]</ref> In late 1909, as a result of Falcón's assassination the self-styled "Patriotic students" known as ''Juventud Autonomista'' was formed. On May 25, 1910, in an effort to disrupt the Argentine centennial celebrations in Buenos Aires, an anarchist gave a bomb to an unsuspecting boy to carry into a cathedral, the bomb however exploded prematurely and the boy was killed and another lost both arms.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19100603.2.59  BOMBS IN ARGENTINA. BOY BLOWN TO ATOMS, Evening Post, 3 June 1910]</ref> On June 28, 1910, another bomb exploded in the ''Teatro Colón'' in downtown Buenos Aires and 20 theatre-goers were injured and the Senate and Chamber of Deputies passed a bill calling for capital punishment for those anarchists responsible for causing death.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Nf9QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JWYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3804,6720471&dq= FIND BOMB FACTORY. Argentine Capital Stirred by Uncovering Anarchists Lair. The Gazette Times, 10 July 1911]</ref> On July 9, 1916, an attempt to assassinate Argentine President Victorino de la Plaza was made by a gun-wielding self-confessed anarchist. The attack was executed while the president was reviewing a troop march past during celebrations of the one-hundred anniversary of Argentinian independence.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v6dRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LmgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4473,3490772&dq=  EFFORT MADE TO KILL PRESIDENT OF ARGENTINE, The Gazette Times, 10 July, 1916.]</ref>On February 9, 1918, violent strikes took place across Argentina and regular troops were rushed to the affected areas after anarchists wrecked trains, destroyed tracks and burned carriages laden with wheat for export.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yQteAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7l8NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3282,3532019&dq=  Anarchy Reigns in Argentina When General Rail Strike Brings Riots, The Telegraph-Herald, 10 February 1918]</ref>

==Tragic Week==

==Tragic Week==

''"La Semana Tragica"'', or the tragic week, begins on January 7, 1919, when police launch a crack down on militant workers, who had been striking for several days, at the Vasrna Metallurigical plant, killing some. In retaliation, a general strike, backed by anarchists and syndicalists, was called for January 10 and 11.  

''"La Semana Tragica"'', or the tragic week, begins on January 7, 1919, when police launch a crack down on militant workers, who had been striking for several days, at the Vasrna Metallurigical plant, killing some. In retaliation, a general strike, backed by anarchists and syndicalists, was called for January 10 and 11.  

Placing the city under martial law, President Yrigoyen appointed Colonel Luis Dellepiane as the commander of riot control forces, after which disturbances subsided. The 5th and 12th Cavalry Regiments arrived on 12 January, and 300 marines and a mountain artillery regiment also entered Buenos Aires.<ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vbxJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2goNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4583,2109521&dq . ACTS OF ANARCHY CONTINUE. The News and Courier, 13 January 1919]</ref>On the morning of 13 January 1919, a group of anarchists attempted to seize arms and ammunition from a local police station but were forced to retreat after coming under fire from a marine detachment from the Argentine Navy Cruiser ''San Martin''.<ref>The Tragic Week of January, 1919, in Buenos Aires: Background, Events, Aftermath, John Raymond Hébert, Page 159, Georgetown University, 1972.</ref>A young army lieutenant in charge of a platoon that machine-gunned hundreds of attacking militants workers was Juan Doming Peron, the future president of Argentina.<ref>God's Assassins: State Terrorism in Argentina in the 1970s, Patricia Marchak, p.47, Mcgill Queens University, 2002</ref> The leftist Vanguardia newspaper claimed that over 700 deaths were recorded on Tragic Week, as well as 2,000 injured. Professor Patricia Marchak estimates the total number of workers killed in the uprising and immediate aftermath at more than 100. The conservative La Nación newspaper reported the number of workers killed in the uprising at around 100 and 400 injured. The police forces suffered 3 killed and 78 wounded.

Placing the city under martial law, President Yrigoyen appointed Colonel Luis Dellepiane as the commander of riot control forces, after which disturbances subsided. The 5th and 12th Cavalry Regiments arrived on 12 January, and 300 marines and a mountain artillery regiment also entered Buenos Aires.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vbxJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2goNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4583,2109521&dq . ACTS OF ANARCHY CONTINUE. The News and Courier, 13 January 1919]</ref>On the morning of 13 January 1919, a group of anarchists attempted to seize arms and ammunition from a local police station but were forced to retreat after coming under fire from a marine detachment from the Argentine Navy Cruiser ''San Martin''.<ref>The Tragic Week of January, 1919, in Buenos Aires: Background, Events, Aftermath, John Raymond Hébert, Page 159, Georgetown University, 1972.</ref>A young army lieutenant in charge of a platoon that machine-gunned hundreds of attacking militants workers was Juan Doming Peron, the future president of Argentina.<ref>God's Assassins: State Terrorism in Argentina in the 1970s, Patricia Marchak, p.47, Mcgill Queens University, 2002</ref> The leftist Vanguardia newspaper claimed that over 700 deaths were recorded on Tragic Week, as well as 2,000 injured. Professor Patricia Marchak estimates the total number of workers killed in the uprising and immediate aftermath at more than 100. The conservative La Nación newspaper reported the number of workers killed in the uprising at around 100 and 400 injured. The police forces suffered 3 killed and 78 wounded.

==1920s violence==

==1920s violence==