Changes

In 2008 Barack Obama recaptured small portions, carrying Florida, Virginia and North Carolina, leaving the GOP in disarray. However, the GOP rebounded in the 2012 presidential election, retaking North Carolina. The GOP maintained and even increased its Southern holdings in the 2016 election.

In 2008 Barack Obama recaptured small portions, carrying Florida, Virginia and North Carolina, leaving the GOP in disarray. However, the GOP rebounded in the 2012 presidential election, retaking North Carolina. The GOP maintained and even increased its Southern holdings in the 2016 election.

In the [[2016 U.S. presidential election|2016 presidential election]], every rural, white-majority Southern county voted for the Republican nominee for the first time in history with the historic flip of Elliott County, Kentucky.<ref>Simon, Jeff (December 9, 2016). [http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/09/politics/elliott-county-kentucky-democratic-streak-broken-by-donald-trump/index.html How Trump ended Democrats' 144-year winning streak in one county]. ''CNN''. Retrieved January 15, 2017.</ref>

In the [[2016 U.S. presidential election|2016 presidential election]], every rural, white-majority Southern county voted for the Republican nominee for the first time in history with the historic flip of Elliott County, Kentucky.<ref>Simon, Jeff (December 9, 2016). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/09/politics/elliott-county-kentucky-democratic-streak-broken-by-donald-trump/index.html How Trump ended Democrats' 144-year winning streak in one county]. ''CNN''. Retrieved January 15, 2017.</ref>

===State politics===

===State politics===

[[File:Map of Southern state legislatures and Governors (2015).png|thumb|250px|Political composition of the South in early 2015. As set by the [[mainstream media]], red stands for a GOP trifecta in state government, with darker shades of red showing stronger GOP control in the state government (state legislature and governors' mansions). Purple and very light red (WV) show a divided government, and blue (DE) shows a Democrat-controlled government.]]

[[File:Map of Southern state legislatures and Governors (2015).png|thumb|250px|Political composition of the South in early 2015. As set by the [[mainstream media]], red stands for a GOP trifecta in state government, with darker shades of red showing stronger GOP control in the state government (state legislature and governors' mansions). Purple and very light red (WV) show a divided government, and blue (DE) shows a Democrat-controlled government.]]

From the end of Reconstruction until the 1960s, the [[Democrat Party]] had a consistent and strong hold in the South. This control was so strong that it was termed "The Solid South".<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/now/politics/solidsouth.html The Solid South?]. ''PBS''. January 30, 2004. Retrieved September 9, 2016.</ref> Despite the inroads made by the Republican Party on the presidential level, the South remained solidly Democrat on the state level through the 1980s, 1990s, and even into the 2000s in several states.<ref>Trande, Sean (September 9, 2010). [http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2010/09/09/misunderstanding_the_southern_realignment_107084.html Misunderstanding the Southern Realignment]. ''Real Clear Politics''. Retrieved September 9, 2016.</ref> The Republican Party only became dominant in the state-level in the 2010 elections, when it captured several state legislatures, among many other victories.<ref name="Hamby">Hamby, Peter (December 9, 2014). [http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/03/politics/southern-democrats/ The plight of the Southern Democrat]. ''CNN''. Retrieved September 9, 2016.</ref> After the 2014 elections, the GOP controlled every state legislature in the South with the sole exception of the Kentucky State House, in which the Democrats maintained a slim majority.<ref name="Hamby"/> Additionally by 2015, the GOP was dominant in every level of government across the South.<ref name="Hamby"/><ref>Cohn, Nate (December 4, 2014). [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/05/upshot/demise-of-the-southern-democrat-is-now-nearly-compete.html?_r=0 Demise of the Southern Democrat Is Now Nearly Complete]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved September 9, 2016.</ref> In 2016, the GOP took the Kentucky State House in a landslide, making every legislature in the South GOP-controlled.<ref>Loftus, Tom (November 9, 2016). [http://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/elections/kentucky/2016/11/08/control-kentucky-house-up-grabs/93344114/ GOP takes Ky House in historic shift]. ''Courier-Journal''. Retrieved November 9, 2016.</ref><ref>Brammer, Jack & Blackford, Linda (November 8, 2016). [http://www.kentucky.com/news/politics-government/article113464563.html Republicans take the Kentucky House after 95 years of Democratic control]. ''Lexington Herald-Leader''. Retrieved November 9, 2016.</ref> At the gubernatorial level, however, the Democrats retook North Carolina in 2016 when their candidate Roy Cooper, previously the state's Attorney General, defeated GOP incumbent [[Pat McCrory]].<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/12/05/north-carolina-gov-pat-mccrory-concedes-lost-re-election.html North Carolina Gov. McCrory concedes he lost re-election bid] at Fox News</ref>

From the end of Reconstruction until the 1960s, the [[Democrat Party]] had a consistent and strong hold in the South. This control was so strong that it was termed "The Solid South".<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/now/politics/solidsouth.html The Solid South?]. ''PBS''. January 30, 2004. Retrieved September 9, 2016.</ref> Despite the inroads made by the Republican Party on the presidential level, the South remained solidly Democrat on the state level through the 1980s, 1990s, and even into the 2000s in several states.<ref>Trande, Sean (September 9, 2010). [http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2010/09/09/misunderstanding_the_southern_realignment_107084.html Misunderstanding the Southern Realignment]. ''Real Clear Politics''. Retrieved September 9, 2016.</ref> The Republican Party only became dominant in the state-level in the 2010 elections, when it captured several state legislatures, among many other victories.<ref name="Hamby">Hamby, Peter (December 9, 2014). [https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/03/politics/southern-democrats/ The plight of the Southern Democrat]. ''CNN''. Retrieved September 9, 2016.</ref> After the 2014 elections, the GOP controlled every state legislature in the South with the sole exception of the Kentucky State House, in which the Democrats maintained a slim majority.<ref name="Hamby"/> Additionally by 2015, the GOP was dominant in every level of government across the South.<ref name="Hamby"/><ref>Cohn, Nate (December 4, 2014). [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/05/upshot/demise-of-the-southern-democrat-is-now-nearly-compete.html?_r=0 Demise of the Southern Democrat Is Now Nearly Complete]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved September 9, 2016.</ref> In 2016, the GOP took the Kentucky State House in a landslide, making every legislature in the South GOP-controlled.<ref>Loftus, Tom (November 9, 2016). [http://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/elections/kentucky/2016/11/08/control-kentucky-house-up-grabs/93344114/ GOP takes Ky House in historic shift]. ''Courier-Journal''. Retrieved November 9, 2016.</ref><ref>Brammer, Jack & Blackford, Linda (November 8, 2016). [http://www.kentucky.com/news/politics-government/article113464563.html Republicans take the Kentucky House after 95 years of Democratic control]. ''Lexington Herald-Leader''. Retrieved November 9, 2016.</ref> At the gubernatorial level, however, the Democrats retook North Carolina in 2016 when their candidate Roy Cooper, previously the state's Attorney General, defeated GOP incumbent [[Pat McCrory]].<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/12/05/north-carolina-gov-pat-mccrory-concedes-lost-re-election.html North Carolina Gov. McCrory concedes he lost re-election bid] at Fox News</ref>

==Military==

==Military==

* McBride, David. "'Slavery as it Is': Medicine and Slaves of the Plantation South." ''Magazine of History'' 2005 19(5): 36-39. Issn: 0882-228x Fulltext in  Ebsco  

* McBride, David. "'Slavery as it Is': Medicine and Slaves of the Plantation South." ''Magazine of History'' 2005 19(5): 36-39. Issn: 0882-228x Fulltext in  Ebsco  

*  Morgan, Edmund S. ''American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia'' (1975).  

*  Morgan, Edmund S. ''American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia'' (1975).  

* Phillips, Ulrich B. ''American Negro Slavery; a Survey of the Supply, Employment, and Control of Negro Labor, as Determined by the Plantation Regime''. (1918)[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11490 online at Project Gutenberg]

* Phillips, Ulrich B. ''American Negro Slavery; a Survey of the Supply, Employment, and Control of Negro Labor, as Determined by the Plantation Regime''. (1918)[https://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11490 online at Project Gutenberg]

* Phillips, Ulrich B. ''Life and Labor in the Old South''. (1929).  

* Phillips, Ulrich B. ''Life and Labor in the Old South''. (1929).  

* Phillips, Ulrich B. "The Economic Cost of Slaveholding in the Cotton Belt," ''Political Science Quarterly'' 20#2 (Jun., 1905), pp.&nbsp;257–275 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-3195%28190506%2920%3A2%3C257%3ATECOSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I in JSTOR]

* Phillips, Ulrich B. "The Economic Cost of Slaveholding in the Cotton Belt," ''Political Science Quarterly'' 20#2 (Jun., 1905), pp.&nbsp;257–275 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-3195%28190506%2920%3A2%3C257%3ATECOSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I in JSTOR]

* Hyde Jr., Samuel C.  ed., ''Plain Folk of the South Revisited'' (1997).  

* Hyde Jr., Samuel C.  ed., ''Plain Folk of the South Revisited'' (1997).  

** Hyde Jr., Samuel C. "Plain Folk Reconsidered: Historiographical Ambiguity in Search of Definition" ''Journal of Southern History'' (Nov 2005) vol 71#4

** Hyde Jr., Samuel C. "Plain Folk Reconsidered: Historiographical Ambiguity in Search of Definition" ''Journal of Southern History'' (Nov 2005) vol 71#4

* Hundley, Daniel R. ''Social Relations in Our Southern States'' (1860) [http://books.google.com/books?id=ifVLAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:Social+intitle:Relations+intitle:in+intitle:Our+intitle:Southern+intitle:States&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=AC-QR7DVI4bktAPoxMRC complete text online]

* Hundley, Daniel R. ''Social Relations in Our Southern States'' (1860) [https://books.google.com/books?id=ifVLAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:Social+intitle:Relations+intitle:in+intitle:Our+intitle:Southern+intitle:States&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=AC-QR7DVI4bktAPoxMRC complete text online]

* Linden, Fabian. "Economic Democracy in the Slave South: An Appraisal of Some Recent Views," ''Journal of Negro History'', 31 (April 1946), 140-89; emphasizes statistical inequality [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2992(194604)31%3A2%3C140%3AEDITSS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R in JSTOR]

* Linden, Fabian. "Economic Democracy in the Slave South: An Appraisal of Some Recent Views," ''Journal of Negro History'', 31 (April 1946), 140-89; emphasizes statistical inequality [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2992(194604)31%3A2%3C140%3AEDITSS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R in JSTOR]

* Lowe, Richard G.  and Randolph B. Campbell, ''Planters and Plain Folk: Agriculture in Antebellum Texas'' (1987)

* Lowe, Richard G.  and Randolph B. Campbell, ''Planters and Plain Folk: Agriculture in Antebellum Texas'' (1987)

===Primary sources===

===Primary sources===

* Phillips, Ulrich B. ed. ''Plantation and Frontier Documents, 1649-1863; Illustrative of Industrial History in the Colonial and Antebellum South: Collected from MSS. and Other Rare Sources.'' 2 Volumes. (1909). [http://books.google.com/books?vid=0x3Uy0t_x4u_7ZGxmq&id=_fk5qIP8hU4C&printsec=titlepage&dq=ulrich+phillips+plantation&as_brr=1 vol 1 online] and  [http://books.google.com/books?vid=0aEKo9OlIHJf-m3SKDua41q&id=zoley-snvSkC&printsec=titlepage&dq=Phillips,+Ulrich+B.+ed.+Plantation+and+Frontier+Documents vol 2 online]

* Phillips, Ulrich B. ed. ''Plantation and Frontier Documents, 1649-1863; Illustrative of Industrial History in the Colonial and Antebellum South: Collected from MSS. and Other Rare Sources.'' 2 Volumes. (1909). [https://books.google.com/books?vid=0x3Uy0t_x4u_7ZGxmq&id=_fk5qIP8hU4C&printsec=titlepage&dq=ulrich+phillips+plantation&as_brr=1 vol 1 online] and  [https://books.google.com/books?vid=0aEKo9OlIHJf-m3SKDua41q&id=zoley-snvSkC&printsec=titlepage&dq=Phillips,+Ulrich+B.+ed.+Plantation+and+Frontier+Documents vol 2 online]

==References==

==References==