Changes

* VW’s “defeat device” is not a physical device but a programme in the engine software that lets the car perceive if it is being driven under test conditions - and only then pull out all the anti-pollution stops. “Clean diesel” engines cut emissions through techniques such as adjusting air-fuel ratios and exhaust flows, and in some (though not most VWs) injecting a urea-based solution to render NOx harmless. When running normally, requiring greater performance, VW’s controls would not operate in the same way. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/business/ng-interactive/2015/sep/23/volkswagen-emissions-scandal-explained-diesel-cars The Volkswagen emissions scandal explained] - ''The Guardian'', 23 September 2015</ref>

* VW’s “defeat device” is not a physical device but a programme in the engine software that lets the car perceive if it is being driven under test conditions - and only then pull out all the anti-pollution stops. “Clean diesel” engines cut emissions through techniques such as adjusting air-fuel ratios and exhaust flows, and in some (though not most VWs) injecting a urea-based solution to render NOx harmless. When running normally, requiring greater performance, VW’s controls would not operate in the same way. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/business/ng-interactive/2015/sep/23/volkswagen-emissions-scandal-explained-diesel-cars The Volkswagen emissions scandal explained] - ''The Guardian'', 23 September 2015</ref>

* Volkswagen admitted in 2015 that it rigged nearly 600,000 diesel-powered cars sold in the U.S. to cheat on emissions tests.<ref> [http://www.wsj.com/articles/fbi-arrests-volkswagen-executive-1483971808 FBI Arrests Volkswagen Executive in Emissions Scandal]</ref>

* Volkswagen admitted in 2015 that it rigged nearly 600,000 diesel-powered cars sold in the U.S. to cheat on emissions tests.<ref> [https://www.wsj.com/articles/fbi-arrests-volkswagen-executive-1483971808 FBI Arrests Volkswagen Executive in Emissions Scandal]</ref>

==Brands==

==Brands==