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'''William Grosvenor Pollard''' (1911&mdash;1989) was a [[physicist]] and [[priest]]. He started his career as a professor of physics in 1936 at [[University of Tennessee]].  In 1946 he championed the organization of the [[Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies]] (ORINS). He was its executive director until 1974. He was ordained as a priest in 1954. He authored and co-authored a significant number of books. He was sometimes referred to as the "atomic deacon."<ref>*"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,815003,00.html Atomic Deacon]", [[Time magazine]] article, Monday, June 18, 1951</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?tab=sp&sa=N&hl=en&q=%22atomic+deacon%22&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N Biography Index H.W. Wilson Company] Bea Joseph, SilverPlatter International, [[H.W. Wilson Company]], 1953, p.778</ref> In 1974 [[Phillip L. Johnson]] succeeded Pollard as the [[executive director]] of [[Oak Ridge Associated Universities]].<ref>[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40A13FA3A5F107A93C1AB178DD85F408785F9&scp=22&sq=%22William%20G.%20Pollard%22&st=cse "Oak Ridge Post Filled"], June 23, 1974, Sunday, [[New York Times]], Section: GN, Page 22, 79 words</ref>

'''William Grosvenor Pollard''' (1911&mdash;1989) was a [[physicist]] and [[priest]]. He started his career as a professor of physics in 1936 at [[University of Tennessee]].  In 1946 he championed the organization of the [[Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies]] (ORINS). He was its executive director until 1974. He was ordained as a priest in 1954. He authored and co-authored a significant number of books. He was sometimes referred to as the "atomic deacon."<ref>*"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,815003,00.html Atomic Deacon]", [[Time magazine]] article, Monday, June 18, 1951</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?tab=sp&sa=N&hl=en&q=%22atomic+deacon%22&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N Biography Index H.W. Wilson Company] Bea Joseph, SilverPlatter International, [[H.W. Wilson Company]], 1953, p.778</ref> In 1974 [[Phillip L. Johnson]] succeeded Pollard as the [[executive director]] of [[Oak Ridge Associated Universities]].<ref>[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40A13FA3A5F107A93C1AB178DD85F408785F9&scp=22&sq=%22William%20G.%20Pollard%22&st=cse "Oak Ridge Post Filled"], June 23, 1974, Sunday, [[New York Times]], Section: GN, Page 22, 79 words</ref>

==Life==

==Life==

==Position on the relation of religion and science==

==Position on the relation of religion and science==

Pollard's position on the [[relationship between religion and science|relation of religion and science]] involves [[God]] acting through [[quantum indeterminacy]].  His position is thought to be similar to that of [[Karl Heim]], [[J.J. Thomson]], [[Arthur Compton]], [[George Paget Thomson|George Thomson]], [[E. T. Whittaker]], and [[Eric Mascall]].<ref>''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xLJL_MBmUkQC Divine Action and Modern Science]'', Nicholas Saunders, 2002, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-5215-2416-4, pp. xv, 94-125</ref>

Pollard's position on the [[relationship between religion and science|relation of religion and science]] involves [[God]] acting through [[quantum indeterminacy]].  His position is thought to be similar to that of [[Karl Heim]], [[J.J. Thomson]], [[Arthur Compton]], [[George Paget Thomson|George Thomson]], [[E. T. Whittaker]], and [[Eric Mascall]].<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xLJL_MBmUkQC Divine Action and Modern Science]'', Nicholas Saunders, 2002, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-5215-2416-4, pp. xv, 94-125</ref>

===Continuing influence===

===Continuing influence===

The book ''The Frontiers of Science & Faith: Examining Questions from the Big Bang to the End of the Universe'' (2002) credits Pollard in making important contributions to a significant train of thought on religion and [[quantum indeterminacy]] that has led to further ideas about religion and [[chaos theory]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=fsJ0XJIQ2iwC ''The Frontiers of Science & Faith''], John Jefferson Davis, Published by InterVarsity Press, 2002, ISBN 0830826645, 199 pages, pp. 39, 78-79</ref> Chapter 5 of [[Divine Action and Modern Science]] ([[Cambridge University Press]], 2002) is divided into three sections: "Pre-Pollard quantum SDA", "William Pollard", and "Post-Pollard quantum SDA".

The book ''The Frontiers of Science & Faith: Examining Questions from the Big Bang to the End of the Universe'' (2002) credits Pollard in making important contributions to a significant train of thought on religion and [[quantum indeterminacy]] that has led to further ideas about religion and [[chaos theory]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fsJ0XJIQ2iwC ''The Frontiers of Science & Faith''], John Jefferson Davis, Published by InterVarsity Press, 2002, ISBN 0830826645, 199 pages, pp. 39, 78-79</ref> Chapter 5 of [[Divine Action and Modern Science]] ([[Cambridge University Press]], 2002) is divided into three sections: "Pre-Pollard quantum SDA", "William Pollard", and "Post-Pollard quantum SDA".

==Fiftieth anniversary of Kent School==

==Fiftieth anniversary of Kent School==

At an [[ecumenical]] seminary held in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of [[Kent School]] (1955), Pollard was one of eight distinguished speakers giving talks on ''The Christian Idea of Education''.  According to acting ''[[New York Times]]'' reporter [[Edward N. West]], a Canon of New York Cathedral [[St. John the Divine]] and author of ''Mediations on the Gospel of St. John'', "the speakers were as distinguished as authentic Christianity produces."  Other speakers included [[Princeton University]] historian and [[Presbyterian]] layman '''[[E. Harris Harbison]],''' ''[[Cry, The Beloved Country]]'' author and [[Anglican]] layman '''[[Alan Paton]],''' Professor of [[Liturgics]] and [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] priest '''[[Massey H. Shepherd]],''' [[Roman Catholic]] priest '''[[John Courtney Murray]],''' [[Roman Catholic]] layman and then professor emeritus of [[Princeton University]] '''[[Jacques Maritain]],''' [[Russian Orthodox]] priest and then [[Harvard University]] professor '''[[Georges Florovsky]],''' and [[Protestant]] [[theology|theologian]] '''[[Reinhold Niebuhr]]'''. According to Canon West, "These contributors are so excellent, the thinking on so high a level, that any intelligent reader will be excited. The Christian position has never been better stated."  Pollard and [[Edmund Fuller]] co-edited the results of this seminary, which were published as ''The Christian idea of education: papers and discussions'' ([[Yale University Press]], 1958).<ref>* [http://books.google.com/books?id=BYkfAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 ''The Christian idea of education: papers and discussions''], co-authored with Edmund Fuller (1958), [[Yale University Press]]</ref><ref>Canon [[Edward N. West]], August 11, 1957, Sunday, [[The New York Times Book Review]], Page 201, 621 words, "At the Heart of Every Age There Must Be an Inspiring Idea"</ref>

At an [[ecumenical]] seminary held in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of [[Kent School]] (1955), Pollard was one of eight distinguished speakers giving talks on ''The Christian Idea of Education''.  According to acting ''[[New York Times]]'' reporter [[Edward N. West]], a Canon of New York Cathedral [[St. John the Divine]] and author of ''Mediations on the Gospel of St. John'', "the speakers were as distinguished as authentic Christianity produces."  Other speakers included [[Princeton University]] historian and [[Presbyterian]] layman '''[[E. Harris Harbison]],''' ''[[Cry, The Beloved Country]]'' author and [[Anglican]] layman '''[[Alan Paton]],''' Professor of [[Liturgics]] and [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] priest '''[[Massey H. Shepherd]],''' [[Roman Catholic]] priest '''[[John Courtney Murray]],''' [[Roman Catholic]] layman and then professor emeritus of [[Princeton University]] '''[[Jacques Maritain]],''' [[Russian Orthodox]] priest and then [[Harvard University]] professor '''[[Georges Florovsky]],''' and [[Protestant]] [[theology|theologian]] '''[[Reinhold Niebuhr]]'''. According to Canon West, "These contributors are so excellent, the thinking on so high a level, that any intelligent reader will be excited. The Christian position has never been better stated."  Pollard and [[Edmund Fuller]] co-edited the results of this seminary, which were published as ''The Christian idea of education: papers and discussions'' ([[Yale University Press]], 1958).<ref>* [https://books.google.com/books?id=BYkfAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 ''The Christian idea of education: papers and discussions''], co-authored with Edmund Fuller (1958), [[Yale University Press]]</ref><ref>Canon [[Edward N. West]], August 11, 1957, Sunday, [[The New York Times Book Review]], Page 201, 621 words, "At the Heart of Every Age There Must Be an Inspiring Idea"</ref>

==Published works==

==Published works==

* [http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=AJPIAS000020000005000281000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes "The Significance of Complementarity for the Life Sciences American Journal of Physics"], [[American Journal of Physics]], May 1952, Volume 20, Issue 5, pp.&nbsp;281–288  

* [http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=AJPIAS000020000005000281000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes "The Significance of Complementarity for the Life Sciences American Journal of Physics"], [[American Journal of Physics]], May 1952, Volume 20, Issue 5, pp.&nbsp;281–288  

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=BYkfAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 ''The Christian idea of education: papers and discussions''], co-edited with [[Edmund Fuller]] (1958), [[Yale University Press]]

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=BYkfAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 ''The Christian idea of education: papers and discussions''], co-edited with [[Edmund Fuller]] (1958), [[Yale University Press]]

:<blockquote>Dr. Pollard, the Chairman, added: "The purpose of this seminar is to examine and identifiy in a fundamental fashion the peculiar characteristics of the educational processes and objectives which constitute the Christian idea of education. The emphasis will not be on religious perspectives in teaching, nor on the problems of the Christian teacher, but will rather be concerned with education in its entirety from a Christian viewpoint.<ref>page viii of ''The Christian idea of education: papers and discussions''</ref>

:<blockquote>Dr. Pollard, the Chairman, added: "The purpose of this seminar is to examine and identifiy in a fundamental fashion the peculiar characteristics of the educational processes and objectives which constitute the Christian idea of education. The emphasis will not be on religious perspectives in teaching, nor on the problems of the Christian teacher, but will rather be concerned with education in its entirety from a Christian viewpoint.<ref>page viii of ''The Christian idea of education: papers and discussions''</ref>

</blockquote>

</blockquote>

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=-fFBAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 ''Schools and Scholarship: The Christian Idea of Education: Part 2''], co-edited with Edmund Fuller (1962), [[Yale University Press]]

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=-fFBAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 ''Schools and Scholarship: The Christian Idea of Education: Part 2''], co-edited with Edmund Fuller (1962), [[Yale University Press]]

:<blockquote>The formal addresses by the university professors are, by and large, re-enactments of the ritual of Loving One's Subject. They are eloquent pleas, on behalf of this, that or the other discipline, for a greater share in the students' time. Most of the real moments of constructive excitement come in the discussions. ...There are two startling exceptions to the generalization about the contribution of the universtiy people. These exceptons are the scientists. The most exquisite statement of what the process of education should be is not to be found amid the majestic vivacity of the humanists but in the conversational, almost casual speech by [[Edward Teller]], the physicist.  The most acute and moving theology is contributed by the [[Executive Director]] of the [[Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies]], the '''Rev. William G. Pollard'''. Their utterances explain why it has been, of all things, the dramatic demands of science on the high-school curricula that have, after thirty-five years of stagnation, at last produced the beginnings of a new humanism in American education.<ref>"The Word in Education", Review of ''Schools and Scholarship: The Christian Idea of Education: Part 2'' (1962), Donald Barr, [[New York Times]], Sept. 9, 1962</ref></blockquote>

:<blockquote>The formal addresses by the university professors are, by and large, re-enactments of the ritual of Loving One's Subject. They are eloquent pleas, on behalf of this, that or the other discipline, for a greater share in the students' time. Most of the real moments of constructive excitement come in the discussions. ...There are two startling exceptions to the generalization about the contribution of the universtiy people. These exceptons are the scientists. The most exquisite statement of what the process of education should be is not to be found amid the majestic vivacity of the humanists but in the conversational, almost casual speech by [[Edward Teller]], the physicist.  The most acute and moving theology is contributed by the [[Executive Director]] of the [[Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies]], the '''Rev. William G. Pollard'''. Their utterances explain why it has been, of all things, the dramatic demands of science on the high-school curricula that have, after thirty-five years of stagnation, at last produced the beginnings of a new humanism in American education.<ref>"The Word in Education", Review of ''Schools and Scholarship: The Christian Idea of Education: Part 2'' (1962), Donald Barr, [[New York Times]], Sept. 9, 1962</ref></blockquote>

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=IykaAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 ''The Hebrew Iliad : the history of the rise of Israel under Saul and David : written during the reign of Solomon probably by the priest Ahimaaz''], co-authored with Robert Henry Pfeiffer, [[Harper]] (1957)

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=IykaAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 ''The Hebrew Iliad : the history of the rise of Israel under Saul and David : written during the reign of Solomon probably by the priest Ahimaaz''], co-authored with Robert Henry Pfeiffer, [[Harper]] (1957)

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=HQMjHgAACAAJ ''Chance and providence: God's action in a world governed by scientific law''], [[Faber and Faber]] and [[Charles Scribner's Sons]], (1958) (<small>[http://www.archive.org/details/chanceandprovide028224mbp full text] </small>)  

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=HQMjHgAACAAJ ''Chance and providence: God's action in a world governed by scientific law''], [[Faber and Faber]] and [[Charles Scribner's Sons]], (1958) (<small>[http://www.archive.org/details/chanceandprovide028224mbp full text] </small>)  

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=Fm8rAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 ''Physicist and Christian: a dialogue between the communities''] (1st published 1961; 2nd pub. 1964), [[Seabury Press]] (<small>[http://www.archive.org/details/physicistandchri027533mbp full text] </small>)

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fm8rAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 ''Physicist and Christian: a dialogue between the communities''] (1st published 1961; 2nd pub. 1964), [[Seabury Press]] (<small>[http://www.archive.org/details/physicistandchri027533mbp full text] </small>)

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=gzhDAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 ''Atomic energy and southern science; the impact of the Nation's atomic energy program on the development of science and technology in the South since 1946''], [[Oak Ridge Associated Universities]] (1966)

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=gzhDAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 ''Atomic energy and southern science; the impact of the Nation's atomic energy program on the development of science and technology in the South since 1946''], [[Oak Ridge Associated Universities]] (1966)

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=t8yXGAAACAAJ ''Science and faith: twin mysteries''], [[T. Nelson]] (1970)

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=t8yXGAAACAAJ ''Science and faith: twin mysteries''], [[T. Nelson]] (1970)

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=2K-iGQAACAAJ ''The mystery of matter''], [[U.S. Atomic Energy Commission]] (1970)

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=2K-iGQAACAAJ ''The mystery of matter''], [[U.S. Atomic Energy Commission]] (1970)

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=YDccAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 ''Transcendence and providence : reflections of a physicist and priest''], [[Scottish Academic Press]] (1986), ISBN 0707304865

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=YDccAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 ''Transcendence and providence : reflections of a physicist and priest''], [[Scottish Academic Press]] (1986), ISBN 0707304865

* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=7249851 Long-range prospects for solar-derived fuels], [[American Scientist]], Vol/Issue: 64:5, 1976 Jan 01

* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=7249851 Long-range prospects for solar-derived fuels], [[American Scientist]], Vol/Issue: 64:5, 1976 Jan 01

* "The Recovery of Theological Perspective in a Scientific Age" (pp.&nbsp;22–43) in [http://books.google.com/books?id=7Ch4AAAACAAJ ''Religion and the University''] (1964) Edited by [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], [[University of Toronto Press]]

* "The Recovery of Theological Perspective in a Scientific Age" (pp.&nbsp;22–43) in [https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ch4AAAACAAJ ''Religion and the University''] (1964) Edited by [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], [[University of Toronto Press]]

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=kVuoGAAACAAJ ''The Moral Implications of Energy: It's Production, Distribution and Use''], By William G Pollard, Frederick S Carney, [[Thomas J. Reese]], Published by [[America (magazine)|America Press]], 1981, (published as special issue of [[Catholic Mind]] October 1981)

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=kVuoGAAACAAJ ''The Moral Implications of Energy: It's Production, Distribution and Use''], By William G Pollard, Frederick S Carney, [[Thomas J. Reese]], Published by [[America (magazine)|America Press]], 1981, (published as special issue of [[Catholic Mind]] October 1981)

* "The Faith of a Physicist" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZomNGQAACAAJ Modern Canterbury Pilgrims: The Story of Twenty-three Converts and why They Chose the Anglican Communion], James Albert Pike, Stephen Neill, Wystan Hugh Auden, New York, Mowbray, London: Morehouse-Gorham, 1956, 317 pages

* "The Faith of a Physicist" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZomNGQAACAAJ Modern Canterbury Pilgrims: The Story of Twenty-three Converts and why They Chose the Anglican Communion], James Albert Pike, Stephen Neill, Wystan Hugh Auden, New York, Mowbray, London: Morehouse-Gorham, 1956, 317 pages

:Review of book in [[Time Magazine]]: [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,937410,00.html Travelers at Home], Monday, May. 28, 1956

:Review of book in [[Time Magazine]]: [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,937410,00.html Travelers at Home], Monday, May. 28, 1956

* "Creation by Alternative Histories", Chapter 16 of ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=POanAAAACAAJ Science, Faith, and Revelation: An Approach to Christian Philosophy]'' (A [[festschrift]] for Eric Rust), Bob E. Patterson, Eric Charles Rust, [[Broadman Press]], 1979, ISBN 0805418091, 371 pages

* "Creation by Alternative Histories", Chapter 16 of ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=POanAAAACAAJ Science, Faith, and Revelation: An Approach to Christian Philosophy]'' (A [[festschrift]] for Eric Rust), Bob E. Patterson, Eric Charles Rust, [[Broadman Press]], 1979, ISBN 0805418091, 371 pages

==Articles about him==

==Articles about him==