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'''British Sri Lankan Tamil''' (பிரித்தானியத் இலங்கை தமிழர்) refers to a demographic construct concerning British citizens and residents who descend from Tamils on the island of Sri Lanka. It's notable that the definition frequently excludes those on the island that have been segregated into other groups, namely Sri Lankan Moors (Muslims) and Hill Tamils. <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=__6PDx2CyLkC|title=Postcolonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka, and the Question of Nationhood|last=Krishna|first=Sankaran|date=1999|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=9781452903873|language=en}}</ref>

'''British Sri Lankan Tamil''' (பிரித்தானியத் இலங்கை தமிழர்) refers to a demographic construct concerning British citizens and residents who descend from Tamils on the island of Sri Lanka. It's notable that the definition frequently excludes those on the island that have been segregated into other groups, namely Sri Lankan Moors (Muslims) and Hill Tamils. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__6PDx2CyLkC|title=Postcolonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka, and the Question of Nationhood|last=Krishna|first=Sankaran|date=1999|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=9781452903873|language=en}}</ref>

The United Kingdom is home to the largest population of Sri Lankan Tamils in Europe, albeit only by a narrow margin, and it is among the most populous communities of Sri Lankan Tamils worldwide. An estimate by the Financial Times placed the number of Sri Lankan Tamils in the UK at just under 200,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/39baad52-b92c-11de-98ee-00144feab49a.html|title=Subscribe to read|website=Financial Times|access-date=2017-07-20}}</ref>

The United Kingdom is home to the largest population of Sri Lankan Tamils in Europe, albeit only by a narrow margin, and it is among the most populous communities of Sri Lankan Tamils worldwide. An estimate by the Financial Times placed the number of Sri Lankan Tamils in the UK at just under 200,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/39baad52-b92c-11de-98ee-00144feab49a.html|title=Subscribe to read|website=Financial Times|access-date=2017-07-20}}</ref>

They are spread out throughout the country, in a manner similar to other Hindus, and did not segregate in the manner that Muslims and Blacks have, an abnormal circumstance being found in the [[Kingston upon Thames|London borough of Kingston]], where around 6% (~10,000) of the population is of Sri Lankan and/or Tamil origin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kingston.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/.../borough_profile_2013.pdf|title=Borough Profile 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>  

They are spread out throughout the country, in a manner similar to other Hindus, and did not segregate in the manner that Muslims and Blacks have, an abnormal circumstance being found in the [[Kingston upon Thames|London borough of Kingston]], where around 6% (~10,000) of the population is of Sri Lankan and/or Tamil origin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kingston.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/.../borough_profile_2013.pdf|title=Borough Profile 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>  

The largest population of British Sri Lankan Tamils can be found in London, chiefly in Harrow (West London), where a large Hindu Indian population has existed for decades, and Tooting (South London)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/node/15331115|title=The Economist|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. The community generally has far lower birth rates in comparison to other South Asian ethnic groups, with one child for two parents being the norm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smc.org.ph/administrator/uploads/apmj_pdf/APMJ1999N4ART4.pdf|title=The Sri Lankan Population of Great Britain|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

The largest population of British Sri Lankan Tamils can be found in London, chiefly in Harrow (West London), where a large Hindu Indian population has existed for decades, and Tooting (South London)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/node/15331115|title=The Economist|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. The community generally has far lower birth rates in comparison to other South Asian ethnic groups, with one child for two parents being the norm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smc.org.ph/administrator/uploads/apmj_pdf/APMJ1999N4ART4.pdf|title=The Sri Lankan Population of Great Britain|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

== Socioeconomics ==

== Socioeconomics ==

== Politics ==

== Politics ==

[[File:2163Ian Karan mit seiner Frau Barbara.JPG|thumb|178x178px|Ian Karan is a centre-right and far-right politician in Germany.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=__6PDx2CyLkC|title=Postcolonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka, and the Question of Nationhood|last=Krishna|first=Sankaran|date=1999|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=9781452903873|language=en}}</ref> He was a British Citizen for 40 years post-studies at LSE.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/140323/plus/a-gift-from-the-heart-for-hartley-89776.html|title=A Gift from the Heart for Hartley|last=|first=|date=|website=The Sunday Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>]]

[[File:2163Ian Karan mit seiner Frau Barbara.JPG|thumb|178x178px|Ian Karan is a centre-right and far-right politician in Germany.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__6PDx2CyLkC|title=Postcolonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka, and the Question of Nationhood|last=Krishna|first=Sankaran|date=1999|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=9781452903873|language=en}}</ref> He was a British Citizen for 40 years post-studies at LSE.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/140323/plus/a-gift-from-the-heart-for-hartley-89776.html|title=A Gift from the Heart for Hartley|last=|first=|date=|website=The Sunday Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>]]

The Sri Lankan Civil War has played a crucial role in the political actions of the Sri Lankan Tamil community. A number of activist organisations have been established by first generation immigrants in order to represent the voice of the Sri Lankan Tamils on the island, and several major protests have been held in order to forward various viewpoints about the Civil War, most notable of which was a mass demonstration in April 2009 which drew nearly 100,000 protestors.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://elibrary.humanitariansrilanka.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/SL_Diaspora_Papers_-madurika-Rasaratnam.pdf|title=Political Identity of the British Tamil Diaspora|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

The Sri Lankan Civil War has played a crucial role in the political actions of the Sri Lankan Tamil community. A number of activist organisations have been established by first generation immigrants in order to represent the voice of the Sri Lankan Tamils on the island, and several major protests have been held in order to forward various viewpoints about the Civil War, most notable of which was a mass demonstration in April 2009 which drew nearly 100,000 protestors.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://elibrary.humanitariansrilanka.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/SL_Diaspora_Papers_-madurika-Rasaratnam.pdf|title=Political Identity of the British Tamil Diaspora|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

The second generation generally do not speak Tamil fluently enough to relate to South Asian culture and media, beyond news and politics, and therefore have traditionally avoided popular Indian culture like Kollywood (music and films) and literature. A number of scholars have suggest that this points to a relative success of integration by the community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01419870.2016.1252461|title=Refugees and the Second Generation|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

The second generation generally do not speak Tamil fluently enough to relate to South Asian culture and media, beyond news and politics, and therefore have traditionally avoided popular Indian culture like Kollywood (music and films) and literature. A number of scholars have suggest that this points to a relative success of integration by the community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01419870.2016.1252461|title=Refugees and the Second Generation|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

The second generation have received little targeted attention from scholars, but some information has been collected as part of academic surveys of the general population; The Economist noted how westernisation had affected second generation minorities in the UK, noting that they "having abandoned their parents’ native language, food and clothing" tended to rally around the Muslim identity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/news/britain/21640342-government-right-lobby-muslims-better-leadership-it-can-do|title=Multicultural and Aggrieved|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

The second generation have received little targeted attention from scholars, but some information has been collected as part of academic surveys of the general population; The Economist noted how westernisation had affected second generation minorities in the UK, noting that they "having abandoned their parents’ native language, food and clothing" tended to rally around the Muslim identity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/news/britain/21640342-government-right-lobby-muslims-better-leadership-it-can-do|title=Multicultural and Aggrieved|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

=== Social values ===

=== Social values ===

Sri Lankan Tamils are predominantly Hindu, albeit a large Christian population exists; much of Sri Lankan Tamil traditional culture is rooted in Hinduism and Christian Tamils find it increasingly difficult to maintain a cultural identity that is separate and distinct from Hinduism. 'Raj' argued that there has been a 'Hindu resurgence' in the UK, whereby the young second generation living in the Hindu diaspora are reconstructing and realigning themselves with the faith of their parents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ceres.rub.de/en/people/phds/sandhya-marla/|title=Sandhya Marla|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

Sri Lankan Tamils are predominantly Hindu, albeit a large Christian population exists; much of Sri Lankan Tamil traditional culture is rooted in Hinduism and Christian Tamils find it increasingly difficult to maintain a cultural identity that is separate and distinct from Hinduism. 'Raj' argued that there has been a 'Hindu resurgence' in the UK, whereby the young second generation living in the Hindu diaspora are reconstructing and realigning themselves with the faith of their parents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ceres.rub.de/en/people/phds/sandhya-marla/|title=Sandhya Marla|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

Chakravoty discusses how British Sri Lankan Tamil youth often carried forward elements of religion from their parents into their own daily lives, such as the widespread practice of religious rituals such as the Bharatnatyam.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_QDgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90|title=Dance Matters: Performing India on Local and Global Stages|last=Chakravorty|first=Pallabi|last2=Gupta|first2=Nilanjana|date=2012-08-21|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136516139|language=en}}</ref>

Chakravoty discusses how British Sri Lankan Tamil youth often carried forward elements of religion from their parents into their own daily lives, such as the widespread practice of religious rituals such as the Bharatnatyam.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_QDgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90|title=Dance Matters: Performing India on Local and Global Stages|last=Chakravorty|first=Pallabi|last2=Gupta|first2=Nilanjana|date=2012-08-21|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136516139|language=en}}</ref>

London is today home to at least 23 Saivite temples founded by Sri Lankans, and the Hindu Association of Great Britain was founded by them in 1966 to foster relations among Hindus.The latter organisation established Europe's first Hindu temple, the ''Wimbledon Ghanapathy Temple'', in the 1980s.<ref name=":5" />

London is today home to at least 23 Saivite temples founded by Sri Lankans, and the Hindu Association of Great Britain was founded by them in 1966 to foster relations among Hindus.The latter organisation established Europe's first Hindu temple, the ''Wimbledon Ghanapathy Temple'', in the 1980s.<ref name=":5" />