Changes

'''The ABC Theory of Emotion''' represents a widely accepted model of how one's feelings and behavioral patterns are created. It asserts that the emotions we experience such as, for example,  frustration or anxiety, and resulting [[behavior]], do not come directly from the events in our lives, but from the interpretations{{#tag:ref|cf. "The difference between believing and disbelieving a statement – your spouse is cheating on you; you’ve just won $10 million [“You’re gay. You were born that way. Accept it.”<ref name="HURLBUT2013"/>] – is one of the most potent regulators of human behavior and emotion. The instant we accept a given representation of the world as true, it becomes the basis for further thought and action; rejected as false it remains a string of words."<ref>{{cite book |title=What we believe but cannot prove: Today’s Leading Thinkers on Science in the age of certainty |editor=John Brockman |chapter=Sam Harris |publisher=Harper Collins |place=New York |year=2006 |pages= |isbn=978-0-06-084181-2 |url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0060841818/ref=rdr_ext_tmb |quote=}}</ref> Our thoughts — cognition — play the key role in determining what emotions will be roused. Once we make an appraisal — ''"that taxi driver is cheating me"'' or ''"this baby is adorable,"'' a fitting emotional response follows.<ref name="Goleman1995">{{cite book |title=Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ |author=Daniel Goleman |publisher=Bantam Books |place=New York |year=1995 |chapter=Appendix B: Hallmarks of the Emotional Mind |pages=328, 336–7 |isbn=978-05538-40070 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgXxhmGiRB0C}}</ref> |group=note}} we make of those events, i.e. from conscious or subconscious beliefs we bring to that situation.<ref name="Virkler">{{cite book |last1= Virkler|first1= Henry A.|title= A Christian's Guide to Critical Thinking|url=http://books.google.no/books?id=rUgqAAAACAAJ&dq=virkler+A+Christian%27s+Guide+to+critical+thinking&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lzc9T9DDD4nN4QSy-fmACA&redir_esc=y |accessdate=16.2.2012 |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |month= |year=1993 |publisher= Wipf and Stock Publishers|location= Eugene, OR|isbn= 1-59752-661-4|page=253 3|pages=336 |at= Dealing with our Discomfort when Long-Established Beliefs are Threatened |chapter= 9 |quote= |ref= }}</ref> Its roots stem from a Rational-Emotive Therapy ('''RET''') developed initially by Albert Ellis in 1955.<ref name="Ellis">{{cite web |title=Expanding the ABCs of RET |author=Albert Ellis |publisher= |url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02281207#page-1 |accessdate=August 30, 2013 |quote=The original ABCs of rational-emotive therapy (RET)—where A stands for the Activating events in people's lives, B for their Beliefs about these events, and C for the emotional and behavioral Consequences or Concomitants of their Beliefs—have proved very popular and therapeutically useful since RET was created in 1955. These ABCs have been expanded over the years by Ellis and other writers on RET. This article presents an up-to-date and more detailed expansion of the ABCs, with special emphasis on expanding the more common rational Beliefs (rBs) and irrational Beliefs (iBs)}}</ref> According to him, over 200 research articles confirm this theory.<ref name="Virkler"/>  

'''The ABC Theory of Emotion''' represents a widely accepted model of how one's feelings and behavioral patterns are created. It asserts that the emotions we experience such as, for example,  frustration or anxiety, and resulting [[behavior]], do not come directly from the events in our lives, but from the interpretations{{#tag:ref|cf. "The difference between believing and disbelieving a statement – your spouse is cheating on you; you’ve just won $10 million [“You’re gay. You were born that way. Accept it.”<ref name="HURLBUT2013"/>] – is one of the most potent regulators of human behavior and emotion. The instant we accept a given representation of the world as true, it becomes the basis for further thought and action; rejected as false it remains a string of words."<ref>{{cite book |title=What we believe but cannot prove: Today’s Leading Thinkers on Science in the age of certainty |editor=John Brockman |chapter=Sam Harris |publisher=Harper Collins |place=New York |year=2006 |pages= |isbn=978-0-06-084181-2 |url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0060841818/ref=rdr_ext_tmb |quote=}}</ref> Our thoughts — cognition — play the key role in determining what emotions will be roused. Once we make an appraisal — ''"that taxi driver is cheating me"'' or ''"this baby is adorable,"'' a fitting emotional response follows.<ref name="Goleman1995">{{cite book |title=Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ |author=Daniel Goleman |publisher=Bantam Books |place=New York |year=1995 |chapter=Appendix B: Hallmarks of the Emotional Mind |pages=328, 336–7 |isbn=978-05538-40070 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgXxhmGiRB0C}}</ref> |group=note}} we make of those events, i.e. from conscious or subconscious beliefs we bring to that situation.<ref name="Virkler">{{cite book |last1= Virkler|first1= Henry A.|title= A Christian's Guide to Critical Thinking|url=http://books.google.no/books?id=rUgqAAAACAAJ&dq=virkler+A+Christian%27s+Guide+to+critical+thinking&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lzc9T9DDD4nN4QSy-fmACA&redir_esc=y |accessdate=16.2.2012 |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |month= |year=1993 |publisher= Wipf and Stock Publishers|location= Eugene, OR|isbn= 1-59752-661-4|page=253 3|pages=336 |at= Dealing with our Discomfort when Long-Established Beliefs are Threatened |chapter= 9 |quote= |ref= }}</ref> Its roots stem from a Rational-Emotive Therapy ('''RET''') developed initially by Albert Ellis in 1955.<ref name="Ellis">{{cite web |title=Expanding the ABCs of RET |author=Albert Ellis |publisher= |url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02281207#page-1 |accessdate=August 30, 2013 |quote=The original ABCs of rational-emotive therapy (RET)—where A stands for the Activating events in people's lives, B for their Beliefs about these events, and C for the emotional and behavioral Consequences or Concomitants of their Beliefs—have proved very popular and therapeutically useful since RET was created in 1955. These ABCs have been expanded over the years by Ellis and other writers on RET. This article presents an up-to-date and more detailed expansion of the ABCs, with special emphasis on expanding the more common rational Beliefs (rBs) and irrational Beliefs (iBs)}}</ref> According to him, over 200 research articles confirm this theory.<ref name="Virkler"/>  

The traditional viewpoints and approaches about human behavior fail especially when it comes to understanding and dealing with so called [[disturbed character]]. Problems with functioning well in a social context are not so much a consequence of the way a person feels, but are associated with distorted thinking patterns and dysfunctional core beliefs.<ref name="SimonCharDist"/> The current research indicates that the cognitive-behavioral therapy consisting in confronting these erroneous thinking patterns and reinforcing a person's willingness to change them, together with their resulting behavior patterns, is the treatment of choice in such case.<ref name="Simon"/> Taking constructive action in one's life, such as disputing old irrational beliefs,<ref name="Ellis"/> helps one to live a full and meaningful existence and not be ruled by one's emotional state.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trouble With Self-Esteem  |author=Lauren Slater |publisher=The New York Times |date=February 3, 2002  |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/03/magazine/03ESTEEM.html |accessdate=December 22, 2014 |quote= Reynolds writes, ''Cure is not defined by the alleviation of discomfort or the attainment of some ideal state (which is impossible) but by taking constructive action in one's life which helps one to live a full and meaningful existence and not be ruled by one's emotional state.''}}</ref> Disturbed emotions as consequences and concomitants of irrational beliefs can be inappropriately fueled and amplified beyond control also by [[substance abuse|addictive abuse]] of [[Ecstasy|psychoactive substances]].<ref name="Yuan's Book"/>         

The traditional viewpoints and approaches about human behavior fail especially when it comes to understanding and dealing with so called [[disturbed character]]. Problems with functioning well in a social context are not so much a consequence of the way a person feels, but are associated with distorted thinking patterns and dysfunctional core beliefs.<ref name="SimonCharDist"/> The current research indicates that the cognitive-behavioral therapy consisting in confronting these erroneous thinking patterns and reinforcing a person's willingness to change them, together with their resulting behavior patterns, is the treatment of choice in such case.<ref name="Simon"/> Taking constructive action in one's life, such as disputing old irrational beliefs,<ref name="Ellis"/> helps one to live a full and meaningful existence and not be ruled by one's emotional state.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trouble With Self-Esteem  |author=Lauren Slater |publisher=The New York Times |date=February 3, 2002  |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/03/magazine/03ESTEEM.html |accessdate=December 22, 2014 |quote= Reynolds writes, ''Cure is not defined by the alleviation of discomfort or the attainment of some ideal state (which is impossible) but by taking constructive action in one's life which helps one to live a full and meaningful existence and not be ruled by one's emotional state.''}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|cf. ''"Feelings come and go, and clearly do not last forever."''<ref>{{cite book |title=Pochybnosti a úžas (Doubt and awe)|author=Ulrich Parzany |publisher=ViViT |year=2009 |pages=52 |isbn=978-80892-64223 |quote=Pocity prichádzajú a odchádzajú, no jednoznačne nemajú trvácnosť.}}</ref>|group=note}} Disturbed emotions as consequences and concomitants of irrational beliefs can be inappropriately fueled and amplified beyond control also by [[substance abuse|addictive abuse]] of [[Ecstasy|psychoactive substances]].<ref name="Yuan's Book"/>         

    

    

== The Basic model ==

== The Basic model ==