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Neo-orthodox is a major Protestant theological development in the 20th century.  Originating in Europe after World War I, it spread to the U.S. in the 1940s and 1950s and to some extent displaced [[Liberal Christianity]] with its emphasis on God as the centerpiece of religion. It dominates the [[Mainline]] Protestant denominations. The leading American theologian was [[Reinhold Niebuhr]] (1892-1971).

Neo-orthodox is a major Protestant theological development in the 20th century.  Originating in Europe after World War I, it spread to the U.S. in the 1940s and 1950s and to some extent displaced [[Liberal Christianity]] with its emphasis on God as the centerpiece of religion. It dominates the [[Mainline]] Protestant denominations. The leading American theologian was [[Reinhold Niebuhr]] (1892-1971).

Neo Orthodox theologians have characteristics in common with both the [[Religious Left]] and the [[Religious right]]. Its members include the Swiss theologian [[Karl Barth]] and the American theologian [[Paul Tillich]]. They rejected much of the [[Liberal Christianity#Origins of liberal Christianity|liberalism]], emphatically embracing the doctrine of original sin, but still held modernist biblical criticism in high regard and never fully questioned the liberal foundations of science—unlike [[fundamentalism|anti-modernism]], which rejects biblical criticism and never shies away from such confrontation.  

Neo-Orthodox theologians have characteristics in common with both the [[Religious Left]] and the [[Religious right]]. Its members include the Swiss theologian [[Karl Barth]] and the American theologian [[Paul Tillich]]. They rejected much of the [[Liberal Christianity#Origins of liberal Christianity|liberalism]], emphatically embracing the doctrine of original sin, but still held modernist biblical criticism in high regard and never fully questioned the liberal foundations of science—unlike [[fundamentalism|anti-modernism]], which rejects biblical criticism and never shies away from such confrontation.  

The origins of the Neo-Orthodoxy movement stem from Karl Barth's realization around 1920 that his old ideas were outmoded. Barth then rejected 350 years of German Protestant teaching—almost everything after or outside of [[Martin Luther]] and [[John Calvin]]. Barth asserted that God is "wholly other" and that man must reshape himself to God's design and not the other way around as had become the norm in 19th century Swiss, German Christian theology.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,949287,00.html "Thunder and Lightning in a Pen"], Richard N. Ostling, ''[[Time magazine]]'', Monday, Aug. 03, 1981</ref>  

The origins of the Neo-Orthodoxy movement stem from Karl Barth's realization around 1920 that his old ideas were outmoded. Barth then rejected 350 years of German Protestant teaching—almost everything after or outside of [[Martin Luther]] and [[John Calvin]]. Barth asserted that God is "wholly other" and that man must reshape himself to God's design and not the other way around as had become the norm in 19th century Swiss, German Christian theology.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,949287,00.html "Thunder and Lightning in a Pen"], Richard N. Ostling, ''[[Time magazine]]'', Monday, Aug. 03, 1981</ref>  

==American branch==

==American branch==

The American branch of neo-orthodoxy is the theological literature ''by'' and ''on'' [[Reinhold Niebuhr]], his brother [[H. Richard Niebuhr]], and his friend whom he helped extract from Nazi Germany [[Paul Tillich]].  Within the American Academy and mainline churches from the 1930s through the 1960s the theological work of these three men eclipsed that of any others.

The American branch of neo-orthodoxy is the theological literature ''by'' and ''on'' [[Reinhold Niebuhr]], his brother [[H. Richard Niebuhr]], and his friend whom he helped extract from Nazi Germany [[Paul Tillich]].  Within the American Academy and mainline churches from the 1930s through the 1960s the theological work of these three men eclipsed that of any others.

==Neo-orthodoxy and Christian Antimodernism==

==Neo-orthodoxy and Christian Antimodernism==

A useful but somewhat simplistic way of defining neo-orthodoxy is to define it as the rejection of Professor [[Wilhelm Herrmann]] teachings by some of his students&mdash;in this sense [[fundamentalism|antimodernism]] is a branch of neo-orthodoxy.  For [[John Gresham Machen]], who traveled to Germany and studied with Herrmann in 1905, is a key figure in the formation of Christian Conservativism.  Above all, the common ground between [[fundamentalism|anti-modernism]], and Neo-orthodoxy is the acceptance and evangelism of the [[sin|doctrine of Sin]].  A significant difference is the solution to the problem of sin. Antimodernism espouses the [[Salvation|doctrine of Salvation]], while neo-orthodoxy remains eerily silent on such a solution despite all its vociferousness about the sin.

A useful but somewhat simplistic way of defining neo-orthodoxy is to define it as the rejection of Professor [[Wilhelm Herrmann]] teachings by some of his students&mdash;in this sense [[fundamentalism|antimodernism]] is a branch of neo-orthodoxy.  For [[John Gresham Machen]], who traveled to Germany and studied with Herrmann in 1905, is a key figure in the formation of Christian Conservativism.  Above all, the common ground between [[fundamentalism|anti-modernism]], and Neo-orthodoxy is the acceptance and evangelism of the [[sin|doctrine of Sin]].  A significant difference is the solution to the problem of sin. Antimodernism espouses the [[Salvation|doctrine of Salvation]], while neo-orthodoxy remains eerily silent on such a solution despite all its vociferousness about the sin.

===Neo-orthodoxy and Reformed theology===

===Neo-orthodoxy and Reformed theology===

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

* Ahlstrom, Sydney E. ''''Theology in America: The Major Protestant Voices from Puritanism to Neo-Orthodoxy'' (2003) [https://books.google.com/books?id=dbhDwMRcf3gC&dq=%22neo+orthodoxy%22+barth+OR+niebuhr&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]

* Ahlstrom, Sydney E. ''''Theology in America: The Major Protestant Voices from Puritanism to Neo-Orthodoxy'' (2003) [https://books.google.com/books?id=dbhDwMRcf3gC&dq=%22neo+orthodoxy%22+barth+OR+niebuhr&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]

==References==

==References==