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Line 36: − + − Eagles have been used as symbolds of government and imperial power since at least the time of the [[Babylon]]ians. In stylized form they have been placed atop the standards of ancient [[Persia]] and Imperial [[Rome]]. A two-headed eagle was used as a coat of arms for the [[Byzantine Empire]], than later as the standard for Czarist Russia and the Hapsburg [[Austrian Empire]]. An [[Azte]]c legend of an eagle clutching a snake while sitting on a cactus led to the founding of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, and later became the coat of arms for [[Mexico]]. The [[United States]] adopted the bald eagle (''Haliaeetus leucocephalus'') as its national emblem.+ + + + + + Line 43:
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Line 110: − + − + − :::[[Blyth's Hawk-eagle]], ''S. alboniger''+ − :::[[Cassin's Hawk-eagle]], ''Spizaetus africanus''+ − − :::[[Javan hawk-eagle]], ''S. bartelsi'' − :::[[Mountain hawk-eagle]], ''S. nipalensis'' − − :::[[Philippine hawk-eagle]], ''S. philippensis'' − :::[[Sulawesi hawk-eagle]], ''S. lanceolatus'' − :::[[Wallace's hawk-eagle]], ''S. nanus'' − + + + + + − :::[[Black-chested snake-eagle]], ''C. pectoralis'' − :::[[Brown snake-eagle]], ''C. cinereus'' − :::[[Fasciated snake-eagle]], ''C. fasciolatus'' − :::[[Short-toed eagle]], ''Circaetus gallicus'' − + − + − + − + − +
no edit summary
|order=Falconiformes
|order=Falconiformes
|suborder=Accipitres
|suborder=Accipitres
|infraorder=Falconides
|infraorder=
|superfamily=Accipitroidea
|superfamily=Accipitroidea
|families=
|families=
==Use as symbols==
==Use as symbols==
[[Image:Mexican arms.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Golden Eagle (''Aquila chrysaetos'') featured in an Aztec legend, now the current arms of Mexico]]
[[Image:Mexican arms.jpg|left|100px|thumb|Arms of Mexico, based on an Aztec legend.]]
[[File:Tsar monument Helsinki.jpg|left|100px|thumb|Imperial Russian "double-headed" eagle standard.]]
The eagle's in heraldry is, next to the lion, the most widespread image portrayed on a crest, and have been used as symbols of government and imperial power since at least the time of the [[Babylon]]ians. In stylized form they have been placed atop the standards of ancient [[Persia]] and Imperial [[Rome]], where it was used on field standards of the Roman legions as well as on helmets and coins. A two-headed eagle was used as a coat of arms for the [[Byzantine Empire]], than later as the standard for [[Charlemagne]]'s Holy Roman Empire, Czarist Russia and the Hapsburg [[Austrian Empire]]. An [[Azte]]c legend of an eagle clutching a snake while sitting on a cactus led to the founding of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, an"d later became the coat of arms for [[Mexico]]. The [[United States]] adopted the bald eagle (''Haliaeetus leucocephalus'') as its national emblem.
In traditions, myths and popular beliefs of early civilizations ancient peoples of the eagle is generally considered a symbol of domination and the divine. The symbolism was reinforced by the representation of eagle/animal hybrid beings such as the griffin or the harpies, which emphasized the strength or mental attitude through different animal body parts that were a part of these beings. In ancient Indian mythology, the Garuda is a snake-killing messenger of Vishnu<ref>https://www.ancient.eu/Garuda/</ref>. According to legend, the Sumerian king Gilgamesh was rescued by an eagle<ref>http://www2.latech.edu/~bmagee/103/gilgamesh.htm</ref>. For the ancient Greeks, the eagle was the symbol of the supreme olympic god Zeus<ref>https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-eagle-a-symbol-of-Zeus</ref>, and in ancient Rome it was the sign of the supreme Roman deity Jupiter as well as the imperial power and in the apotheosis the sign of the divinity of the emperor.
In many North American Indian tribes the eagle is the messenger to the Creator, and to possess a feather means to honor the Creator in the highest and most humble way<ref>http://www.muiniskw.org/pgLegacy06_EagleFeather.htm</ref>. It is also a symbol of bravery, and only awarded after a victory against an enemy has been won, and the tale told to the tribal elders afterwards<ref>http://www.muiniskw.org/pgLegacy06_EagleFeather.htm</ref>.
== Species of eagle ==
== Species of eagle ==
* '''Subfamily ''Buteoninae''''' - true eagles, sea eagles, hawk-eagles
* '''Subfamily ''Buteoninae''''' - true eagles, sea eagles, hawk-eagles
:*Genus ''Aquila''
:*Genus ''Aquila''
:::[[Bonelli's eagle]], ''A. fasciata''
:::[[Bonelli's eagle]], ''Aquila fasciata''
:::[[Booted eagle]], ''A. pennata'' - formerly ''Hieraaetus pennatus''
:::[[Booted eagle]], ''Aquila pennata''
:::[[Eastern imperial eagle]], ''A. heliaca''
:::[[Cassin's Hawk-eagle]], ''Aquila africanus''
:::[[Golden eagle]], ''A. chrysaetos''
:::[[Eastern imperial eagle]], ''Aquila heliaca''
:::[[Greater spotted eagle]], ''A. clanga''
:::[[Golden eagle]], ''Aquila chrysaetos''
:::[[Gurney's eagle]], ''A. gurneyi''
:::[[Greater spotted eagle]], ''Aquila clanga''
:::[[Indian spotted eagle]], ''A. hastata''
:::[[Gurney's eagle]], ''Aquila gurneyi''
:::[[Lesser spotted eagle]], ''A. pomarina''
:::[[Indian spotted eagle]], ''Aquila hastata''
:::[[Little eagle]], ''A. morphnoides''
:::[[Lesser spotted eagle]], ''Aquila pomarina''
:::[[Spanish imperial eagle]], ''A. adalberti''
:::[[Little eagle]], ''Aquila morphnoides''
:::[[Steppe eagle]], ''A. nipalensis''
:::[[Spanish imperial eagle]], ''Aquila adalberti''
:::[[Tawny eagle]], ''A. rapax''
:::[[Steppe eagle]], ''Aquila nipalensis''
:::[[Verreaux's eagle]], ''A. verreauxii''
:::[[Tawny eagle]], ''Aquila rapax''
:::[[Wahlberg's eagle]], ''A. wahlbergi''
:::[[Verreaux's eagle]], ''Aquila verreauxii''
:::[[Wedge-tailed eagle]], ''A. audax''
:::[[Wahlberg's eagle]], ''Aquila wahlbergi''
:::[[Wedge-tailed eagle]], ''Aquila audax''
:*Genus ''Geranoaetus''
:*Genus ''Geranoaetus''
:::[[Black-chested buzzard eagle]], ''Geranoaetus melanoleucus''
:::[[Black-chested buzzard eagle]], ''Geranoaetus melanoleucus''
:*Genus ''Haliaeetus''
:*Genus ''Haliaeetus''
:::[[African fish eagle]], ''H. vocifer''
:::[[African fish eagle]], ''Haliaeetus vocifer''
:::[[Bald eagle]], ''H. leucocephalus''
:::[[Bald eagle]], ''Haliaeetus leucocephalus''
:::[[Madagascar fish eagle]], ''H. vociferoides''
:::[[Madagascar fish eagle]], ''Haliaeetus vociferoides''
:::[[Pallas's fish eagle]], ''H. leucoryphus''
:::[[Pallas's fish eagle]], ''Haliaeetus leucoryphus''
:::[[Sanford's sea eagle]], ''H. sanfordi''
:::[[Sanford's sea eagle]], ''Haliaeetus sanfordi''
:::[[Steller's sea eagle]], ''H. pelagicus''
:::[[Steller's sea eagle]], ''Haliaeetus pelagicus''
:::[[White-bellied sea eagle]], ''H. leucogaster''
:::[[White-bellied sea eagle]], ''Haliaeetus leucogaster''
:::[[White-tailed eagle]], ''Haliaeetus albicilla''
:::[[White-tailed eagle]], ''Haliaeetus albicilla''
:*Genus ''Harpagornis'' (extinct)
:*Genus ''Harpagornis'' (extinct)
:*Genus ''Harpyhaliatus''
:*Genus ''Harpyhaliatus''
:::[[Crowned solitary eagle]], ''Harpyhaliaetus coronatus''
:::[[Crowned solitary eagle]], ''Harpyhaliaetus coronatus''
:::[[Solitary eagle]], ''H. solitarius''
:::[[Solitary eagle]], ''Harpyhaliaetus solitarius''
:*Genus ''Harpyopsis''
:*Genus ''Harpyopsis''
:::[[New Guinea harpy eagle]], ''Harpyopsis novaeguineae''
:::[[New Guinea harpy eagle]], ''Harpyopsis novaeguineae''
:*Genus ''Hieraaetus''
:*Genus ''Hieraaetus''
:::[[African hawk eagle]], ''H. spilogaster''
:::[[African hawk eagle]], ''Hieraaetus spilogaster''
:::[[Ayre's hawk eagle]], ''Hieraaetus ayresii''
:::[[Ayre's hawk eagle]], ''Hieraaetus ayresii''
:::[[Rufous-bellied eagle]], ''H. kienerii''
:::[[Rufous-bellied eagle]], ''Hieraaetus kienerii''
:*Genus ''Ichthyophaga''
:*Genus ''Ichthyophaga''
:::[[Gray-headed fish eagle]], ''I. ichthyaetus''
:::[[Gray-headed fish eagle]], ''Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus''
:::[[Lesser fish eagle]], ''Ichthyophaga humilis''
:::[[Lesser fish eagle]], ''Ichthyophaga humilis''
:*Genus ''Ictinaetus''
:*Genus ''Ictinaetus''
:*Genus ''Morphnus''
:*Genus ''Morphnus''
:::[[Crested eagle]], ''Morphnus guianensis''
:::[[Crested eagle]], ''Morphnus guianensis''
:*Genus ''Oroaetus''
:*Genus ''Nisaetus''
:::[[Black-and-chestnut eagle]], ''Oroaetus isidori''
:::[[Blyth's Hawk-eagle]], ''Nisaetus alboniger''
:::[[Changeable hawk-eagle]], ''Nisaetus cirrhatus''
:::[[Javan hawk-eagle]], ''Nisaetus bartelsi''
:::[[Mountain hawk-eagle]], ''Nisaetus nipalensis''
:::[[Philippine hawk-eagle]], ''Nisaetus philippensis''
:::[[Sulawesi hawk-eagle]], ''Nisaetus lanceolatus''
:::[[Wallace's hawk-eagle]], ''Nisaetus nanus''
:*Genus ''Pithecophaga''
:*Genus ''Pithecophaga''
:::[[Philippine eagle]], ''Pithecophaga jefferyi''
:::[[Philippine eagle]], ''Pithecophaga jefferyi''
:::[[Martial eagle]], ''Polemaetus bellicosus''
:::[[Martial eagle]], ''Polemaetus bellicosus''
:*Genus ''Spizaetus''
:*Genus ''Spizaetus''
:::[[Black hawk-eagle]], ''S. tyrannus''
:::[[Black-and-chestnut eagle]], ''Spizaetus isidori''
:::[[Black-and-white hawk-eagle]], ''S. melanoleucus''
:::[[Black hawk-eagle]], ''Spizaetus tyrannus''
:::[[Black-and-white hawk-eagle]], ''Spizaetus melanoleucus''
:::[[Ornate hawk-eagle]], ''Spizaetus ornatus''
:::[[Changeable hawk-eagle]], ''S. cirrhatus''
:::[[Ornate hawk-eagle]], ''S. ornatus''
:*Genus ''Stephanoaetus''
:*Genus ''Stephanoaetus''
:::[[African crowned eagle]], ''Stephanoaetus coronatus''
:::[[African crowned eagle]], ''Stephanoaetus coronatus''
* '''Subfamily ''Circaetinae''''': snake-eagles
* '''Subfamily ''Circaetinae''''': snake-eagles
:*Genus ''Circaetus''
:*Genus ''Circaetus''
:::[[Banded snake-eagle]], ''C. cinerascens''
:::[[Banded snake-eagle]], ''Circaetus cinerascens''
:::[[Black-chested snake-eagle]], ''Circaetus pectoralis''
:::[[Brown snake-eagle]], ''Circaetus cinereus''
:::[[Fasciated snake-eagle]], ''Circaetus fasciolatus''
:::[[Short-toed eagle]], ''Circaetus gallicus''
:*Genus ''Eutriorchis''
:*Genus ''Eutriorchis''
:::[[Madagascar serpent-eagle]], ''Eutriorchis astur''
:::[[Madagascar serpent-eagle]], ''Eutriorchis astur''
:*Genus ''Spilornis''
:*Genus ''Spilornis''
:::[[Andaman serpent-eagle]], ''S. elgini''
:::[[Andaman serpent-eagle]], ''Spilornis elgini''
:::[[Crested serpent-eagle]], ''Spilornis cheela''
:::[[Crested serpent-eagle]], ''Spilornis cheela''
:::[[Mountain serpent-eagle]],''S. kinabaluensis''
:::[[Mountain serpent-eagle]],''Spilornis kinabaluensis''
:::[[Nicobar serpent-eagle]], ''S. minimus''
:::[[Nicobar serpent-eagle]], ''Spilornis minimus''
:::[[Philippine serpent-eagle]], ''S. holospilus''
:::[[Philippine serpent-eagle]], ''Spilornis holospilus''
:::[[Sulawesi serpent-eagle]], ''S. rufipectus''
:::[[Sulawesi serpent-eagle]], ''Spilornis rufipectus''
:*Genus ''Terathopius''
:*Genus ''Terathopius''
:::[[Bateleur]], ''Terathopius ecaudatus''
:::[[Bateleur]], ''Terathopius ecaudatus''
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Birds of Prey]][[Category:Eagles]]
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Birds of Prey]][[Category:Eagles]]