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Created page with "{{Night Sky | image = | designation = | rightascension =17<sup>h</sup> 30<sup>m</sup><ref name=simbad>[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=pipe+nebul..."
{{Night Sky
| image =
| designation =
| rightascension =17<sup>h</sup> 30<sup>m</sup><ref name=simbad>[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=pipe+nebula&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id The Pipe Nebula] from the [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad SIMBAD Astronomical Database]</ref>
| declination =-25° 00′<ref name=simbad/>
| distance =450 ly<ref name=apod>{{cite web|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap121123.html|title=The Pipe Nebula|accessdate=2018-09-22}}</ref>
| constellation =Ophiuchus
| type =Dark nebula
| dimensions =
| magnitude =
| redshift =
| radvelocity =
| propmotion =
| parallax =
}}
The '''Pipe nebula''' is a [[dark nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Ophiuchus]].<ref name=apod/> The nebula is composed of four dust clouds catalogued by the astronomer E. E. Barnard (designated B59, B72, B77 and B78) and obscures a region of the centre of the [[Milky Way]]. Against this relatively bright background of [[star]]s, these clouds take the form of a large cloud with a long dark stem, resembling a pipe. The nebula is extremely large, with an apparent size of approximately 10º×10º.<ref name=apod/> Since the nebula is thought to lie some 450 [[light year]]s away, this means it is roughly 79 light years across.<ref>By direct calculation, using distance of 450 ly and angular size of 10º.</ref>
The nebula is thought to contain some 10,000 [[solar mass]]es of gas and dust.<ref name=harvard>{{cite web|url=https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/su201437|title=Cold Gas in the Pipe Nebula|accessdate=2018-09-22}}</ref> The nebula houses many dense, low mass cores of gas, estimated to be around 134 in number. [[Radio astronomy|Radio observations]] has been used to study the nebula and has revealed these cores to be cold and contain both [[carbon monoxide]] and [[ammonia]] among other chemical species. Observations made by the Herschel Space Observatory (an [[infrared]] [[telescope]]) suggest the temperature varies from 13-19 kelvin throughout the nebula, with the densest regions being the coldest.<ref name=harvard/> It was also found that the N<sub>2</sub>H<sup>+</sup> [[molecule]] is the only one that traces the coldest and densest cores.
Part of the [[Dark horse nebula]], it is easily observed in the Southern [[United States]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]
| image =
| designation =
| rightascension =17<sup>h</sup> 30<sup>m</sup><ref name=simbad>[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=pipe+nebula&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id The Pipe Nebula] from the [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad SIMBAD Astronomical Database]</ref>
| declination =-25° 00′<ref name=simbad/>
| distance =450 ly<ref name=apod>{{cite web|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap121123.html|title=The Pipe Nebula|accessdate=2018-09-22}}</ref>
| constellation =Ophiuchus
| type =Dark nebula
| dimensions =
| magnitude =
| redshift =
| radvelocity =
| propmotion =
| parallax =
}}
The '''Pipe nebula''' is a [[dark nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Ophiuchus]].<ref name=apod/> The nebula is composed of four dust clouds catalogued by the astronomer E. E. Barnard (designated B59, B72, B77 and B78) and obscures a region of the centre of the [[Milky Way]]. Against this relatively bright background of [[star]]s, these clouds take the form of a large cloud with a long dark stem, resembling a pipe. The nebula is extremely large, with an apparent size of approximately 10º×10º.<ref name=apod/> Since the nebula is thought to lie some 450 [[light year]]s away, this means it is roughly 79 light years across.<ref>By direct calculation, using distance of 450 ly and angular size of 10º.</ref>
The nebula is thought to contain some 10,000 [[solar mass]]es of gas and dust.<ref name=harvard>{{cite web|url=https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/su201437|title=Cold Gas in the Pipe Nebula|accessdate=2018-09-22}}</ref> The nebula houses many dense, low mass cores of gas, estimated to be around 134 in number. [[Radio astronomy|Radio observations]] has been used to study the nebula and has revealed these cores to be cold and contain both [[carbon monoxide]] and [[ammonia]] among other chemical species. Observations made by the Herschel Space Observatory (an [[infrared]] [[telescope]]) suggest the temperature varies from 13-19 kelvin throughout the nebula, with the densest regions being the coldest.<ref name=harvard/> It was also found that the N<sub>2</sub>H<sup>+</sup> [[molecule]] is the only one that traces the coldest and densest cores.
Part of the [[Dark horse nebula]], it is easily observed in the Southern [[United States]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]