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Spelling, grammar, and general cleanup, typos fixed: Syria’s → Syria's (7)
Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives, Thursday, July 7, 2011, http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/Testimony%20Noriega.pdf</ref> and enjoys full backing from Syria. Hezbollah was founded with the help of Iranian Revolutionary Guards.
Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives, Thursday, July 7, 2011, http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/Testimony%20Noriega.pdf</ref> and enjoys full backing from Syria. Hezbollah was founded with the help of Iranian Revolutionary Guards.
Syria backs Hizballah morally and has also supplied it with money and arms. In return, Hizballah protects Syria’s political and military interests in Lebanon.
Syria backs Hizballah morally and has also supplied it with money and arms. In return, Hizballah protects Syria's political and military interests in Lebanon.
<ref>http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/hezbollah.asp</ref><ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hizbollah.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/hezbollah.asp</ref><ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hizbollah.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/testimony/313.pdf</ref>
<ref>http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/testimony/313.pdf</ref>
Douglas Farah wrote in 2006 on "Hezbollah’s External Support Network in West Africa and Latin America" that Hezbollah, has the largest financial structure in Latin America and it is similar to that in of the organization’s Africa structure, that is to say, structured along family/clan lines. These clans have family members across the continent’s main free trade zones of Panama, (Venezuela's) Isla Margarita and the TBA (tri-border area), allowing for multiple opportunities to launder funds by over invoicing stocks, under invoicing merchandise and thtough the use of little-monitored electronic money transfer systems and bulk money smuggling. The first study of this overlapping clan structure spread across broad geographic areas was not undertaken until 2004.
Douglas Farah wrote in 2006 on "Hezbollah’s External Support Network in West Africa and Latin America" that Hezbollah, has the largest financial structure in Latin America and it is similar to that in of the organization's Africa structure, that is to say, structured along family/clan lines. These clans have family members across the continent's main free trade zones of Panama, (Venezuela's) Isla Margarita and the TBA (tri-border area), allowing for multiple opportunities to launder funds by over invoicing stocks, under invoicing merchandise and thtough the use of little-monitored electronic money transfer systems and bulk money smuggling. The first study of this overlapping clan structure spread across broad geographic areas was not undertaken until 2004.
The TBA has for years drawn attention as a center for contraband smuggling, drug trafficking and large-scale money laundering, in part because all of the countries whose borders are involved profit from the illicit trade. It is also an easy place to hide and move money. Estimates of the amount of drug money alone laundered through the two main urban centers in the TBA, Foz do Iguacu and Ciudad del Este, range as high as $12 billion a year.
The TBA has for years drawn attention as a center for contraband smuggling, drug trafficking and large-scale money laundering, in part because all of the countries whose borders are involved profit from the illicit trade. It is also an easy place to hide and move money. Estimates of the amount of drug money alone laundered through the two main urban centers in the TBA, Foz do Iguacu and Ciudad del Este, range as high as $12 billion a year.
In 2008, Colombia smashed a drug ring tied to Hezbollah, Colombian authorities said that they had broken up a drug and money-laundering ring in an international operation that included the capture of three suspects from the Middle East who used profits from the drug trade to fund Hezbollah.
In 2008, Colombia smashed a drug ring tied to Hezbollah, Colombian authorities said that they had broken up a drug and money-laundering ring in an international operation that included the capture of three suspects from the Middle East who used profits from the drug trade to fund Hezbollah.
More than 100 suspects were arrested in Colombia and overseas on charges that they trafficked drugs and laundered cash for Colombia’s Norte del Valle cartel and outlawed paramilitaries, in a network that stretched from South America to Asia.
More than 100 suspects were arrested in Colombia and overseas on charges that they trafficked drugs and laundered cash for Colombia's Norte del Valle cartel and outlawed paramilitaries, in a network that stretched from South America to Asia.
"The criminal organization used routes through Venezuela, Panama, Guatemala, the Middle East and Europe, bringing in cash from the sale of these substances," the statement said.
"The criminal organization used routes through Venezuela, Panama, Guatemala, the Middle East and Europe, bringing in cash from the sale of these substances," the statement said.
<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/22/world/americas/22colombia.html</ref><ref>http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2008-10-22-voa37-66602227.html</ref>
<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/22/world/americas/22colombia.html</ref><ref>http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2008-10-22-voa37-66602227.html</ref>
<ref>http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iLbRHS1sn11z7Yw3qRkPMqnqF_xw</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL5690185._CH_.2400</ref><ref>http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2008/07/26/sectarian_fighting_kills_6_in_lebanon/</ref>
<ref>http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iLbRHS1sn11z7Yw3qRkPMqnqF_xw</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL5690185._CH_.2400</ref><ref>http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2008/07/26/sectarian_fighting_kills_6_in_lebanon/</ref>
In 28 Aug 2008, Hezbollah has "brazenly attacked the Lebanese Army" – in its shooting-attack on an army helicopter, killing 1st Lt. Samer Hanna and wounding several others – so say the leaders of Lebanon’s pro-democracy movement.
In 28 Aug 2008, Hezbollah has "brazenly attacked the Lebanese Army" – in its shooting-attack on an army helicopter, killing 1st Lt. Samer Hanna and wounding several others – so say the leaders of Lebanon's pro-democracy movement.
This is not the first time Hezbollah has attacked the Lebanese government. But it is one of the boldest attacks to date against the army. Hezbollah kills Lebanese Army Officer.
This is not the first time Hezbollah has attacked the Lebanese government. But it is one of the boldest attacks to date against the army. Hezbollah kills Lebanese Army Officer.
<ref>http://www.analyst-network.com/article.php?art_id=2389</ref>
<ref>http://www.analyst-network.com/article.php?art_id=2389</ref>
On June 30, Hezbollah released 39 American passengers they held captive for 17 days.
On June 30, Hezbollah released 39 American passengers they held captive for 17 days.
German authorities arrested [[Mohammed Ali Hammadi]] and convicted him of Stethem’s murder in 1987. Hammadi was paroled in 2005 and returned to Beirut, where he is believed to be living today (2009).<ref>http://middleeast.about.com/b/2009/07/01/robert-stethems-murder-on-twa-flight-847.htm</ref><ref>http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-07-17/news/1994198059_1_stethem-lebanon-officer-2nd-class</ref>
German authorities arrested [[Mohammed Ali Hammadi]] and convicted him of Stethem's murder in 1987. Hammadi was paroled in 2005 and returned to Beirut, where he is believed to be living today (2009).<ref>http://middleeast.about.com/b/2009/07/01/robert-stethems-murder-on-twa-flight-847.htm</ref><ref>http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-07-17/news/1994198059_1_stethem-lebanon-officer-2nd-class</ref>
<ref>http://michellemalkin.com/2008/02/13/justice-for-robert-dean-stethem-the-marines-in-beirut-and-other-american-victims-of-hezbollah/</ref>
<ref>http://michellemalkin.com/2008/02/13/justice-for-robert-dean-stethem-the-marines-in-beirut-and-other-american-victims-of-hezbollah/</ref>
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17874369/ Hezbollah builds a Western base], From inside South America’s Tri-border area, Iran-linked militia targets U.S. By Pablo Gato and Robert Windrem, ''NBC News'', May 9, 2007. Retrieved from MSNBC.com June 4 2007.
*[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17874369/ Hezbollah builds a Western base], From inside South America's Tri-border area, Iran-linked militia targets U.S. By Pablo Gato and Robert Windrem, ''NBC News'', May 9, 2007. Retrieved from MSNBC.com June 4 2007.
==References==
==References==