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The '''Harlem Renaissance''' was an artistic and literary movement expressing Black or African-American culture during the 1920s, centered in [[Harlem]], a neighborhood in upper [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. The term has grown to encompass all expressions of Black culture during the decade of the 1920s, even some which occurred overseas, such as revues by dancer [[Josephine Baker]] in [[Paris]]. The movement was a major cultural event in the history of black Americans. By reviving blacks' culture and self-esteem, black intellectuals strove for the fusion of blacks and whites, or blacks dissolving into American society, in an enlightenment movement after World War I. This laid the foundation for the American civil rights movement.

The '''Harlem Renaissance''' was an artistic and literary movement expressing Black or African-American culture during the the [[Republican]] administrations of [[Warren Harding]] and [[Calvin Coolidge]] and Republican control of both houses of Congress. It was centered in [[Harlem]], a neighborhood in upper [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. The term has grown to encompass all expressions of Black culture during the decade of Republican control of Congress, even some which occurred overseas, such as revues by dancer [[Josephine Baker]] in [[Paris]]. The movement was a major cultural event in the history of black Americans. By reviving blacks' culture and self-esteem, black intellectuals strove for the fusion of blacks and whites, or blacks dissolving into American society, in an enlightenment movement after World War I. This laid the foundation for the American civil rights movement.

At the time the movement was sometimes referred to as “the New Negro Renaissance”.<ref>Watson, Steven (1995) The Harlem Renaissance, Pantheon Books, p.8</ref> At that time, the term “Negro” was in standard use.

At the time the movement was sometimes referred to as “the New Negro Renaissance”.<ref>Watson, Steven (1995) The Harlem Renaissance, Pantheon Books, p.8</ref> At that time, the term “Negro” was in standard use.

While the movement was exclusively concerned with Black artists and culture, a number of white persons were important in supporting and promoting the movement. Most important was the dramatic and literary critic, photographer and author [[Carl Van Vechten]]. Van Vechten had been the first music and dance critic for ''[[The New York Times]]'', and as drama critic for the ''[[New York Press]]'' had been at the famous riot which occurred at the debut of [[Igor Stravinsky]]’s ballet ''[[The Rite of Spring]]'' in 1913.<ref>Eksteins, Modris (1989) Rites of Spring, Mariner Books pp. 10-14</ref> He was known for giving prominent whites tours of Harlem’s night life, including author [[Somerset Maugham]] and most importantly, publisher [[Alfred A. Knopf]].<ref>Watson, Steven (1995) The Harlem Renaissance, Pantheon Books, pp. 98-101</ref>  

While the movement was exclusively concerned with Black artists and culture, a number of white persons were important in supporting and promoting the movement. Most important was the dramatic and literary critic, photographer and author [[Carl Van Vechten]]. Van Vechten had been the first music and dance critic for ''[[The New York Times]]'', and as drama critic for the ''[[New York Press]]'' had been at the famous riot which occurred at the debut of [[Igor Stravinsky]]’s ballet ''[[The Rite of Spring]]'' in 1913.<ref>Eksteins, Modris (1989) Rites of Spring, Mariner Books pp. 10-14</ref> He was known for giving prominent whites tours of Harlem’s night life, including author [[Somerset Maugham]] and most importantly, publisher [[Alfred A. Knopf]].<ref>Watson, Steven (1995) The Harlem Renaissance, Pantheon Books, pp. 98-101</ref>  

==Music==

==Music==