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Forces that push an economy towards deflation include the following:
Forces that push an economy towards deflation include the following:
*high [[unemployment]], or low overall employment that can occur even if reported [[unemployment]] is small. This is prevailing in 2017.
*high [[unemployment]], or low overall employment that can occur even if reported [[unemployment]] is small. This is prevailing in 2017.
*extreme price-cutting by sellers, which can be encouraged by technological factors such as the [[internet]] or be due to intense competition such as [[price war]]s between [[Wal-Mart]] and [[Amazon]], or between [[Apple]] and [[Google]] (now owned by Alphabet).
*extreme price-cutting by sellers, which can be encouraged by technological factors such as the [[internet]] or be due to intense competition such as [[price war]]s between [[Wal-Mart]] and [[Amazon.com|Amazon]], or between [[Apple]] and [[Google]] (now owned by Alphabet).
*[[invention]]s that sharply and quickly increase productivity, as occurred shortly after the [[Civil War]].
*[[invention]]s that sharply and quickly increase productivity, as occurred shortly after the [[Civil War]].
*a lack of inventions combined with competition by low-wage foreign jobs can prevent real wages from increasing, which precludes inflation.
*a lack of inventions combined with competition by low-wage foreign jobs can prevent real wages from increasing, which precludes inflation.