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Created page with "The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the hierarchy of the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan is the militant terrorist arm of the American Democratic p..."
The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the [[hierarchy]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. The Ku Klux Klan is the militant [[terrorist]] arm of the [[American]] [[Democratic party]].<ref><small>Historian [[Eric Foner]] observed: "In effect, the Klan was a [[military]] force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of [[white supremacy]]. Its purposes were [[political]], but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over [[the South]] during Reconstruction: to destroy the [[Republican party]]'s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore [[racial]] subordination in every aspect of Southern life."</small>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'' (1988), p. 425–426.</ref>
==Position==
The Exalted Cyclops presides over the Council of the Centaurs and writes quarterly reports to the Grand Giant. In the Klan hierarchy, each local chapter, or Klavern, is led by an Exalted Cyclops. This member is typically elected by his fellow Klansmen and serves a one-year term. According to the original (1867 Prescript of the Ku Klun Klan<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2j4OAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA145&ots=ArW14d4Ydt&dq=grand%2520exchequer%2520kkk&pg=PA133%23v=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false Ku Klux Klan: Its Origin, Growth and Disbandment], John C. Lester, Daniel Love Wilson, Neale Publishing Company, 1905.</ref>) the Exalted Cyclops reports to a Grand Giant, or provincial leader; a Grand Dragon, or state director; and the Grand Wizard, or national chair. Below the Cyclops on the org chart were the Grand Magi, the Grand Monk, the Grand Exchequer, the Grand Turk, and, finally, the rank-and-file members known as Ghouls or Knights. (Many of these titles have changed over time, and most of the sub-Cyclops ranks have been eliminated.) The Exalted Cyclops' responsibilities include presiding over Klavern meetings, initiating new members, and appointing Councils of Centaurs—that's Klan-speak for a jury—to try and punish wayward Ghouls.<ref>https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2010/06/robert-byrd-was-an-exalted-cyclops-in-the-ku-klux-klan-what-does-that-mean.html</ref>
==Second Era==
The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc. which existed from 1915 to 1944, elaborated on the original prescript in its [[Kloran]] and in the constitution and by-laws adopted in 1922. Some titles and jurisdictional designations were carried over from the [[Reconstruction]] prescripts intact or slightly modified, and others were original with Imperial Wizard Simmons.
==Jurisdiction==
The basic unit of the Second Era KKK was known simply as a Klan. Its area of [[jurisdiction]] was a Klanton which was defined as "extend[ing] in all directions to a distance midway between the location of the Klan and the nearest Klan thereto" unless otherwise directed by the Grand Dragon or Imperial Wizard. The chief officer of a Klan was an Exalted Cyclops and the subordinate officers were known as the Twelve Terrors.<ref>Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc ''[http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/AmRad/constitutionlawsknights.pdf Constitution and Laws of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc]'' Atlanta, Ga; Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc 1921 [pref. Nov. 1922] pp.13–14, 59.</ref>
==Duties==
Groups of Klansmen were commissioned for "special activities." A Wrecking Crew is an action squad commissioned to take physical action against enemies and wayward members of the Klan. Depending on time and organization, these groups consisted of 5 to 8 members and were authorized either by the klokann, the Exalted Cyclops and/or the Kludd. Sometimes led by the Nighthawk. An action taken by the crew is wrecked. Some names used by wrecking crews include "Secret Six", "Ass-tear Squad" and "Holy terrors.".<ref>Michael and Judy Ann Newton eds. ''The Ku Klux Klan; an encyclopedia'', Garland Reference Library of the Social Science Vol.499, London and New York; Garland Publishing Inc. 1991, p.623.</ref><ref>Anti-Defamation League Danger: Extremism; New York; Anti-Defamation League 1996 e p.393.</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Democratic Party]][[Category:Hate Groups]][[Category:Terrorism]]
==Position==
The Exalted Cyclops presides over the Council of the Centaurs and writes quarterly reports to the Grand Giant. In the Klan hierarchy, each local chapter, or Klavern, is led by an Exalted Cyclops. This member is typically elected by his fellow Klansmen and serves a one-year term. According to the original (1867 Prescript of the Ku Klun Klan<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2j4OAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA145&ots=ArW14d4Ydt&dq=grand%2520exchequer%2520kkk&pg=PA133%23v=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false Ku Klux Klan: Its Origin, Growth and Disbandment], John C. Lester, Daniel Love Wilson, Neale Publishing Company, 1905.</ref>) the Exalted Cyclops reports to a Grand Giant, or provincial leader; a Grand Dragon, or state director; and the Grand Wizard, or national chair. Below the Cyclops on the org chart were the Grand Magi, the Grand Monk, the Grand Exchequer, the Grand Turk, and, finally, the rank-and-file members known as Ghouls or Knights. (Many of these titles have changed over time, and most of the sub-Cyclops ranks have been eliminated.) The Exalted Cyclops' responsibilities include presiding over Klavern meetings, initiating new members, and appointing Councils of Centaurs—that's Klan-speak for a jury—to try and punish wayward Ghouls.<ref>https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2010/06/robert-byrd-was-an-exalted-cyclops-in-the-ku-klux-klan-what-does-that-mean.html</ref>
==Second Era==
The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc. which existed from 1915 to 1944, elaborated on the original prescript in its [[Kloran]] and in the constitution and by-laws adopted in 1922. Some titles and jurisdictional designations were carried over from the [[Reconstruction]] prescripts intact or slightly modified, and others were original with Imperial Wizard Simmons.
==Jurisdiction==
The basic unit of the Second Era KKK was known simply as a Klan. Its area of [[jurisdiction]] was a Klanton which was defined as "extend[ing] in all directions to a distance midway between the location of the Klan and the nearest Klan thereto" unless otherwise directed by the Grand Dragon or Imperial Wizard. The chief officer of a Klan was an Exalted Cyclops and the subordinate officers were known as the Twelve Terrors.<ref>Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc ''[http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/AmRad/constitutionlawsknights.pdf Constitution and Laws of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc]'' Atlanta, Ga; Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc 1921 [pref. Nov. 1922] pp.13–14, 59.</ref>
==Duties==
Groups of Klansmen were commissioned for "special activities." A Wrecking Crew is an action squad commissioned to take physical action against enemies and wayward members of the Klan. Depending on time and organization, these groups consisted of 5 to 8 members and were authorized either by the klokann, the Exalted Cyclops and/or the Kludd. Sometimes led by the Nighthawk. An action taken by the crew is wrecked. Some names used by wrecking crews include "Secret Six", "Ass-tear Squad" and "Holy terrors.".<ref>Michael and Judy Ann Newton eds. ''The Ku Klux Klan; an encyclopedia'', Garland Reference Library of the Social Science Vol.499, London and New York; Garland Publishing Inc. 1991, p.623.</ref><ref>Anti-Defamation League Danger: Extremism; New York; Anti-Defamation League 1996 e p.393.</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Democratic Party]][[Category:Hate Groups]][[Category:Terrorism]]