Changes

Their primary interest was in supporting a party that would build the South on a broader base than the plantation aristocracy of ante-bellum days.  They found it expedient to do business with blacks and carpetbaggers; increasingly after 1872 they returned to the Democratic party as it gained sufficient strength to be a factor in Southern politics.<ref>Franklin p. 100</ref>

Their primary interest was in supporting a party that would build the South on a broader base than the plantation aristocracy of ante-bellum days.  They found it expedient to do business with blacks and carpetbaggers; increasingly after 1872 they returned to the Democratic party as it gained sufficient strength to be a factor in Southern politics.<ref>Franklin p. 100</ref>

==Prominent scalawags==

==Prominent scalawags==

The most prominent scalawags included General [[James Longstreet]] (Robert E. Lee's top general), [[Joseph E. Brown]], the wartime governor of Georgia, and General John Mosby, famed cavalry leader.   

The most prominent scalawags included General [[James Longstreet]] (Robert E. Lee's top general), [[Joseph E. Brown]], the wartime governor of Georgia, and General John Mosby, famed cavalry leader.  Joe Brown later joined the Klan and was elected to the U.S. Senate.<ref>Douglas A. Blackmon, Slavery By Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (2008).</ref>

===Longstreet===

===Longstreet===

Lieutenant General James Longstreet became a controversial public figure after the Civil War had ended. As one of Lee's senior corps commanders he was, in Lee's words, his "old war-horse."  After Appomattox, he made his way to New Orleans and entered business there as a cotton factor, then expanded his reach into railroad investments and the management of an insurance company. As he became a respected figure in the city, he was still admired across the South for his wartime role as Lee's devoted lieutenant.  Longstreet joined the Republican party and accepted federal patronage appointment from his old friend, President [[Ulysses S. Grant]].  In 1874 the Crescent City White League, a paramilitary force, attempted the violent overthrow of Louisiana's Republican governor. Longstreet, in command of the state militia, led his mostly black troops against the White Leaguers, mostly former Confederate soldiers. By the time Federal troops finally restored order, 38 were dead. Longstreet moved to Gainesville, Georgia

Lieutenant General James Longstreet became a controversial public figure after the Civil War had ended. As one of Lee's senior corps commanders he was, in Lee's words, his "old war-horse."  After Appomattox, he made his way to New Orleans and entered business there as a cotton factor, then expanded his reach into railroad investments and the management of an insurance company. As he became a respected figure in the city, he was still admired across the South for his wartime role as Lee's devoted lieutenant.  Longstreet joined the Republican party and accepted federal patronage appointment from his old friend, President [[Ulysses S. Grant]].  In 1874 the Crescent City White League, a paramilitary force, attempted the violent overthrow of Louisiana's Republican governor. Longstreet, in command of the state militia, led his mostly black troops against the White Leaguers, mostly former Confederate soldiers. By the time Federal troops finally restored order, 38 were dead. Longstreet moved to Gainesville, Georgia

In an effort to restore Lee's reputation, General Jubal Early and others began to attack Longstreet's war record, blaming him for the key mistakes at Gettysburg. In particular the allegation was made (without evidence) that Lee had ordered an attack at dawn on July 2; it is known that Longstreet attacked later in the day.  For years historians, including [[Douglas Southall Freeman]] in 1934, made Longstreet the goat of the battle. Revisionists later tempered much of the anti-Longstreet rhetoric. However, not until 1998 was his loyal service to Lee and the Confederacy recognized by the placing of an equestrian statue of Longstreet on Seminary Ridge at Gettysburg.<ref>Stephen W. Sears, "General Longstreet and the Lost Cause." ''American Heritage'' 2005 56(1): 46-53. Issn: 0002-8738 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]; William Garrett Piston, ''Lee's Tarnished Lieutenant: James Longstreet and His Place in Southern History'' (1987)</ref>

In an effort to restore Lee's reputation, General Jubal Early and others began to attack Longstreet's war record, blaming him for the key mistakes at Gettysburg. In particular the allegation was made (without evidence) that Lee had ordered an attack at dawn on July 2; it is known that Longstreet attacked later in the day.  For years historians, including [[Douglas Southall Freeman]] in 1934, made Longstreet the goat of the battle. Revisionists later tempered much of the anti-Longstreet rhetoric. However, not until 1998 was his loyal service to Lee and the Confederacy recognized by the placing of an equestrian statue of Longstreet on Seminary Ridge at Gettysburg.<ref>Stephen W. Sears, "General Longstreet and the Lost Cause." ''American Heritage'' 2005 56(1): 46-53. Issn: 0002-8738 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]; William Garrett Piston, ''Lee's Tarnished Lieutenant: James Longstreet and His Place in Southern History'' (1987)</ref>

 

==Political activism==

==Political activism==

[[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch scalawags (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Independent Monitor, September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref>]]

[[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch scalawags (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Independent Monitor, September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref>]]