Changes

In the 83rd Congress, under its new chairman, [[Joseph McCarthy|Joseph R. McCarthy]] of [[Wisconsin]], the subcommittee (now known as the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations) greatly increased the number of investigations and number of witnesses called.  His subcommittee held 169 hearings throughout 1953 and 1954.  Of the 653 persons called by the Committee during a 15-month period, 83 refused to answer questions about [[espionage]] and [[subversion (political)|subversive]] activities on constitutional grounds and their names were made public. Nine additional witnesses invoked the [[Fifth Amendment]] in executive session, and their names were not made public. Some of the 83 were working or had worked for the Army, the Navy, the Government Printing Office, the [[Treasury Department]], the [[Office of War Information]], the [[Office of Strategic Services]], and the Veterans Administration.  Others were or had been employed at the Federal Telecommunications Laboratories in New Jersey, the secret radar laboratories of the [[Army Signal Corps]] in New Jersey, and [[General Electric]] defense plants in Massachusetts and New York. Nineteen of the 83, including well known communist party members James S. Allen, [[Herbert Aptheker]], and [[Earl Browder]], were summoned because their writings were being carried in [[USIA|U.S. Information Service]] libraries around the world.

In the 83rd Congress, under its new chairman, [[Joseph McCarthy|Joseph R. McCarthy]] of [[Wisconsin]], the subcommittee (now known as the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations) greatly increased the number of investigations and number of witnesses called.  His subcommittee held 169 hearings throughout 1953 and 1954.  Of the 653 persons called by the Committee during a 15-month period, 83 refused to answer questions about [[espionage]] and [[subversion (political)|subversive]] activities on constitutional grounds and their names were made public. Nine additional witnesses invoked the [[Fifth Amendment]] in executive session, and their names were not made public. Some of the 83 were working or had worked for the Army, the Navy, the Government Printing Office, the [[Treasury Department]], the [[Office of War Information]], the [[Office of Strategic Services]], and the Veterans Administration.  Others were or had been employed at the Federal Telecommunications Laboratories in New Jersey, the secret radar laboratories of the [[Army Signal Corps]] in New Jersey, and [[General Electric]] defense plants in Massachusetts and New York. Nineteen of the 83, including well known communist party members James S. Allen, [[Herbert Aptheker]], and [[Earl Browder]], were summoned because their writings were being carried in [[USIA|U.S. Information Service]] libraries around the world.

The hearings also investigated such matters as [[communist]] [[Infiltration tactics|infiltration]] of the [[United Nations]]; [[Korean War]] atrocities;  and the transfer to the [[Soviet Union]] of occupation [[Counterfeit|currency plates]].

The hearings also investigated such matters as [[communist]] [[infiltration]] of the [[United Nations]]; [[Korean War]] atrocities;  and the transfer to the [[Soviet Union]] of occupation currency plates.

In [[April]] 1954, McCarthy`s exchange of charges with [[Secretary of the Army]] [[Robert Ten Broeck Stevens|Robert T. Stevens]] led to the appointment of a special subcommittee of the PSI to investigate the charges. Chaired by [[Karl Mundt]] of [[South Dakota]], the proceedings became known as the [[Army-McCarthy Hearings]].

In April 1954, McCarthy`s exchange of charges with Secretary of the Army Robert T. Stevens led to the appointment of a special subcommittee of the PSI to investigate the charges. Chaired by [[Karl Mundt]] of [[South Dakota]], the proceedings became known as the [[Army-McCarthy Hearings]].

==Labor racketeering==

==Labor racketeering==