Changes

===Gilded Age===

===Gilded Age===

Krause (1992) argues the "Battle for Homestead" in Pittsburgh in 1892 represented a struggle between two competing, contradictory, and irreconcilable versions of American Republicanism. One was [[Andrew Carnegie]]'s belief in the inalienable right to private property and the right to accumulate capital and manage enterprise.  Individual entrepreneurship was the republican way to wealth for the individual and for society as a whole. In opposition was the version personified by labour reformer Thomas 'Beeswax' Taylor, which saw in the ideology of republicanism the guarantee of the workers' right to dignity and security as a group. The strikers' republicanism viewed labor as the inalienable property of the individual worker, rejected the "law" of supply and demand and sought the group action by unions to assert the rights.  They were not socialists and did not want government ownership, but they did want to control the work patterns on the factory floor regardless of the owner and his foremen. The unions were still thinking in terms of iron, when their expertise was decisive.  In the age of steel the white collar engineer made the critical decisions, not blue collar workers. The union defeat in 1892 did not simply mark the end of the steelworkers' union's power, it more importantly destroyed the hopes of realizing the aims of radical republicanism. After 1900 [[Samuel Gompers]] and the [[AFL]] unions worked inside the owners' model of republicanism and sought higher wages, while the rejected republicanism vision was incorporated into the Socialism of [[Eugene Debs]], who argued the workers should have full control by nationalizing industry and having a labor party run the government.<ref>Paul Krause, ''The Battle for Homestead, 1880-1892: Politics, Culture, and Steel.'' U. of Pittsburgh Pr., 1992. 548 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Battle-Homestead-1880-1892-Politics-Pittsburg/dp/0822954664/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191910902&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]</ref>

Krause (1992) argues the "Battle for Homestead" in Pittsburgh in 1892 represented a struggle between two competing, contradictory, and irreconcilable versions of American Republicanism. One was [[Andrew Carnegie]]'s belief in the inalienable right to [[private property]] and the right to accumulate capital and manage enterprise.  Individual entrepreneurship was the republican way to wealth for the individual and for society as a whole. In opposition was the version personified by labour reformer Thomas 'Beeswax' Taylor, which saw in the ideology of republicanism the guarantee of the workers' right to dignity and security as a group. The strikers' republicanism viewed labor as the inalienable property of the individual worker, rejected the "law" of supply and demand and sought the group action by unions to assert the rights.  They were not socialists and did not want government ownership, but they did want to control the work patterns on the factory floor regardless of the owner and his foremen. The unions were still thinking in terms of iron, when their expertise was decisive.  In the age of steel the white collar engineer made the critical decisions, not blue collar workers. The union defeat in 1892 did not simply mark the end of the steelworkers' union's power, it more importantly destroyed the hopes of realizing the aims of radical republicanism. After 1900 [[Samuel Gompers]] and the [[AFL]] unions worked inside the owners' model of republicanism and sought higher wages, while the rejected republicanism vision was incorporated into the Socialism of [[Eugene Debs]], who argued the workers should have full control by nationalizing industry and having a labor party run the government.<ref>Paul Krause, ''The Battle for Homestead, 1880-1892: Politics, Culture, and Steel.'' U. of Pittsburgh Pr., 1992. 548 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Battle-Homestead-1880-1892-Politics-Pittsburg/dp/0822954664/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191910902&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]</ref>

===Progressive Era===

===Progressive Era===