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In June 1938, Sir Stewart Menzies, the chief of MI6, received a message that the Polish Intelligence Service had encountered a man who had worked as a mathematician and engineer at the factory in Berlin where the Germans were producing the Enigma Machine. The man, Richard Lewinski (not his real name), was a Polish Jew who had been expelled from Nazi Germany because of his religion. He offered to sell his knowledge of the machine in exchange for £10,000, a British passport and a French resident permit. Lewinski claimed that he knew enough about Enigma to build a replica, and to draw diagrams of the heart of the machine - the complicated wiring system in each of its rotors.

In June 1938, Sir Stewart Menzies, the chief of MI6, received a message that the Polish Intelligence Service had encountered a man who had worked as a mathematician and engineer at the factory in Berlin where the Germans were producing the Enigma Machine. The man, Richard Lewinski (not his real name), was a Polish Jew who had been expelled from Nazi Germany because of his religion. He offered to sell his knowledge of the machine in exchange for £10,000, a British passport and a French resident permit. Lewinski claimed that he knew enough about Enigma to build a replica, and to draw diagrams of the heart of the machine - the complicated wiring system in each of its rotors.

Menzies suspected that Lewinski was a German agent who wanted to "lure the small British cryptographic bureau down a blind alley while the Germans conducted their business free from surveillance". Menzies suggested that Alfred Dilwyn Knox, a senior figure at the Government Code and Cypher School, should go to interview Lewinski. He asked Turing to go with him. They were soon convinced that he had a deep knowledge of the machine and he was taken to France to work on producing a model of the machine.

Menzies suspected that Lewinski was a German agent who wanted to "lure the small British cryptographic bureau down a blind alley while the Germans conducted their business free from surveillance". Menzies suggested that Alfred Dilwyn Knox, a senior figure at the Government Code and Cypher School, should go to interview Lewinski. He asked Turing to go with him. They were soon convinced that he had a deep knowledge of the machine and he was taken to France to work on producing a model of the machine.

<ref>http://spartacus-educational.com/Alan_Turing.htmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-37443639</ref>

<ref>http://spartacus-educational.com/Alan_Turing.htmhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-37443639</ref>

Turing's work on Enigma was greatly helped in May 1941 by the lucky capture of an Enigma machine from a German U-boat, which pushed the project forward by several years.<ref>http://ww2today.com/9th-may-1941-enigma-machine-captured</ref>

Turing's work on Enigma was greatly helped in May 1941 by the lucky capture of an Enigma machine from a German U-boat, which pushed the project forward by several years.<ref>http://ww2today.com/9th-may-1941-enigma-machine-captured</ref>

[[Bill Tutte]], the principal mathematician who undertook the work on Tunny, came from a humble background, being the son of a gardener and a cook, and he went to a grammar school - unlike Turing who had been to an elite private school. From there Tutte won a scholarship to university where he studied chemistry. He was aged only 24 when he arrived at Bletchley. His feats of deduction and analysis were extraordinary and have been described as a "miracle". Because the sheer quantity of data to be processed was overwhelming, Professor [[Max Newman]] suggested that they try to build a calculating machine along the lines suggested by Turing. Turing took no other part in the Tunny project. Turing's first machine did not work very well and the successful machine, "Colossus" was built by [[Tommy Flowers]]. He was a Post Office telephone engineer from a working-class background. He used electric circuits and vacuum tubes (called "valves" at the time). Because all this work was top secret, even after the war ended, neither of them could talk about what they had done or get credit for it.<ref>http://www.computerweekly.com/video/Unsung-heroes-of-IT-The-story-of-Bill-Tutte-and-Tommy-Flowers

[[Bill Tutte]], the principal mathematician who undertook the work on Tunny, came from a humble background, being the son of a gardener and a cook, and he went to a grammar school - unlike Turing who had been to an elite private school. From there Tutte won a scholarship to university where he studied chemistry. He was aged only 24 when he arrived at Bletchley. His feats of deduction and analysis were extraordinary and have been described as a "miracle". Because the sheer quantity of data to be processed was overwhelming, Professor [[Max Newman]] suggested that they try to build a calculating machine along the lines suggested by Turing. Turing took no other part in the Tunny project. Turing's first machine did not work very well and the successful machine, "Colossus" was built by [[Tommy Flowers]]. He was a Post Office telephone engineer from a working-class background. He used electric circuits and vacuum tubes (called "valves" at the time). Because all this work was top secret, even after the war ended, neither of them could talk about what they had done or get credit for it.<ref>http://www.computerweekly.com/video/Unsung-heroes-of-IT-The-story-of-Bill-Tutte-and-Tommy-Flowers

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1393587/Professor-Bill-Tutte.html

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1393587/Professor-Bill-Tutte.html

http://www.stephenkettle.co.uk/turing.html</ref>

http://www.stephenkettle.co.uk/turing.html</ref>

==Sexuality and prosecution==

==Sexuality and prosecution==

Turing's reputation has been inflated by those who wish to glorify him as a "gay genius" and "gay martyr". While at Cambridge University, where homosexuality was prevalent, he had intimate relationships with other men. In December 1951, when working as a mathematics lecturer at Manchester University, he went to the police and complained that a young man who had spent the night at his house had stolen a sum of money from him. The police questioned the young man, 19-year-old Arnold Murray, who told them that Turing had picked him up in a public house and taken him home for homosexual purposes, then illegal. This meant that the police had no choice but to prosecute Turing, who was not given a custodial sentence, but ordered by the court to undergo chemical treatment. As a result of the conviction, Turing lost his security clearance for government work. A year later, he was found dead, prompting speculation that he committed suicide.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-37443639</ref>

Turing's reputation has been inflated by those who wish to glorify him as a "gay genius" and "gay martyr". While at Cambridge University, where homosexuality was prevalent, he had intimate relationships with other men. In December 1951, when working as a mathematics lecturer at Manchester University, he went to the police and complained that a young man who had spent the night at his house had stolen a sum of money from him. The police questioned the young man, 19-year-old Arnold Murray, who told them that Turing had picked him up in a public house and taken him home for homosexual purposes, then illegal. This meant that the police had no choice but to prosecute Turing, who was not given a custodial sentence, but ordered by the court to undergo chemical treatment. As a result of the conviction, Turing lost his security clearance for government work. A year later, he was found dead, prompting speculation that he committed suicide.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-37443639</ref>

==Death and posthumous reputation==

==Death and posthumous reputation==