Changes

The '''National Health Service (NHS)''' is the [[United Kingdom]]'s nationalized [[health]] care system. It was established in 1948 as part of [[Clement Attlee]]'s post-[[World War II]] [[Labour Party|Labour]] government's socialist program, and has been supported (at least publicly) by politicians of every party since then.  The wealthy in [[Britain]] typically use private health insurance, for which there are tax breaks,<ref>http://www.aviva.co.uk/healthcarezone/document-library/files/ge/gen2326.pdf</ref> while the general public and some politicians use the NHS system.<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2161011/Samantha-Cameron-shares-difficulties-looking-late-disabled-son-Ivan.html</ref>

The '''National Health Service (NHS)''' is the [[United Kingdom]]'s nationalized [[health]] care system. It was established in 1948 as part of [[Clement Attlee]]'s post-[[World War II]] [[Labour Party|Labour]] government's socialist program, and has been supported (at least publicly) by politicians of every party since then.  The wealthy in [[Britain]] typically use private health insurance, for which there are tax breaks,<ref>http://www.aviva.co.uk/healthcarezone/document-library/files/ge/gen2326.pdf</ref> while the general public and some politicians use the NHS system.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2161011/Samantha-Cameron-shares-difficulties-looking-late-disabled-son-Ivan.html</ref>

As pharmaceutical companies began rationing drugs since 2008, the British healthcare system faces drug stortages in 2012. Officials within their health care system warned about a severe shortage of pharmaceuticals, putting patients' lives at risk.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9350508/Lives-put-at-risk-by-shortage-of-drugs-NHS-leaders-warn.html</ref>

As pharmaceutical companies began rationing drugs since 2008, the British healthcare system faces drug stortages in 2012. Officials within their health care system warned about a severe shortage of pharmaceuticals, putting patients' lives at risk.<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9350508/Lives-put-at-risk-by-shortage-of-drugs-NHS-leaders-warn.html</ref>

The NHS is nominally funded out of "National Insurance contributions", a form of personal [[taxation]] comparable to the US [[Social Security]] system, albeit capped below average earnings. The NHS revenue stream is, in theory, entirely separate in operation from income tax.<ref>http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1394285&</ref> In practice, the NHS is funded from general taxation, and is accepted by the British electorate as being funded in this way. All prescription medicines (however not over-the-counter ones) are available for a low standard fee in [[England]]. Prescriptions are entirely free of charge in [[Wales]].<ref>http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Medicinespharmacyandindustry/Prescriptions/NHScosts/DH_508</ref> NHS treatment is available to all residents of the UK. Most services, including complex and expensive surgical procedures and drugs, are free at the point of use, and those that are not (such as the provision of glasses and dental care) are free to people on low incomes. This ensures that everyone is able to be treated, no matter what their individual wealth or means may be.<ref>http://www.nhs.uk/England/AboutTheNhs/Default.cmsx</ref> "Private" (i.e. non-NHS) doctors and hospitals do exist in Britain, but fewer than 10% of Britons choose to buy private health insurance in preference to using the NHS. (The big exception to this is in the area of dental care: NHS dentists are relatively difficult to find in many areas, and many people are forced to "go private", even if uninsured.)

The NHS is nominally funded out of "National Insurance contributions", a form of personal [[taxation]] comparable to the US [[Social Security]] system, albeit capped below average earnings. The NHS revenue stream is, in theory, entirely separate in operation from income tax.<ref>http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1394285&</ref> In practice, the NHS is funded from general taxation, and is accepted by the British electorate as being funded in this way. All prescription medicines (however not over-the-counter ones) are available for a low standard fee in [[England]]. Prescriptions are entirely free of charge in [[Wales]].<ref>http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Medicinespharmacyandindustry/Prescriptions/NHScosts/DH_508</ref> NHS treatment is available to all residents of the UK. Most services, including complex and expensive surgical procedures and drugs, are free at the point of use, and those that are not (such as the provision of glasses and dental care) are free to people on low incomes. This ensures that everyone is able to be treated, no matter what their individual wealth or means may be.<ref>http://www.nhs.uk/England/AboutTheNhs/Default.cmsx</ref> "Private" (i.e. non-NHS) doctors and hospitals do exist in Britain, but fewer than 10% of Britons choose to buy private health insurance in preference to using the NHS. (The big exception to this is in the area of dental care: NHS dentists are relatively difficult to find in many areas, and many people are forced to "go private", even if uninsured.)

==Poor quality care==

==Poor quality care==

One million NHS patients have been the victims of appalling care in hospitals across Britain, according to a major report released Aug. 27, 2009.  In the last six years, says the Patients Association, hundreds of thousands have suffered from poor standards of nursing, often with 'neglectful, demeaning, painful and sometimes downright cruel' treatment.  

One million NHS patients have been the victims of appalling care in hospitals across Britain, according to a major report released Aug. 27, 2009.  In the last six years, says the Patients Association, hundreds of thousands have suffered from poor standards of nursing, often with 'neglectful, demeaning, painful and sometimes downright cruel' treatment.  

<ref>Rebecca Smith, "'Cruel and neglectful' care of one million NHS patients exposed," [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/6092658/Cruel-and-neglectful-care-of-one-million-NHS-patients-exposed.html ''Telegraph'' (London) 27 Aug 2009]</ref>

<ref>Rebecca Smith, "'Cruel and neglectful' care of one million NHS patients exposed," [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/6092658/Cruel-and-neglectful-care-of-one-million-NHS-patients-exposed.html ''Telegraph'' (London) 27 Aug 2009]</ref>

Many critics, including Daniel Hannan, have expressed serious concern over the failure of the NHS in providing Britain with an acceptable health care. Criticism included the immense wasteful costs of the NHS, shortage of doctors and other vital employees, lack of available care, and poor quality of facilities and care.

Many critics, including Daniel Hannan, have expressed serious concern over the failure of the NHS in providing Britain with an acceptable health care. Criticism included the immense wasteful costs of the NHS, shortage of doctors and other vital employees, lack of available care, and poor quality of facilities and care.