Changes

Atheism, as defined by the ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', and other [[philosophy]] reference works, is the denial of the existence of [[God]].<ref>Multiple references:

Atheism, as defined by the ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', and other [[philosophy]] reference works, is the denial of the existence of [[God]].<ref>Multiple references:

*Smart, J. J. C. (August 8, 2011). [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism "Atheism and agnosticism"]. ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (Spring 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Retrieved July 17, 2014.

*Smart, J. J. C. (August 8, 2011). [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism "Atheism and agnosticism"]. ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (Spring 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Retrieved July 17, 2014.

*Sarfati, Jonathan, Ph.D. (23 June 2007). [http://creation.com/atheism-is-more-rational "Atheism is more rational?"]. Retrieved July 17, 2014.  See [[Creation Ministries International]], [[Jonathan Sarfati]].

*Sarfati, Jonathan, Ph.D. (23 June 2007). [https://creation.com/atheism-is-more-rational "Atheism is more rational?"]. Retrieved July 17, 2014.  See [[Creation Ministries International]], [[Jonathan Sarfati]].

*Day, Donn R. (2007). [http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/athart3.htm "Atheism - etymology"].  Retrieved July 15, 2014.</ref>  

*Day, Donn R. (2007). [http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/athart3.htm "Atheism - etymology"].  Retrieved July 15, 2014.</ref>  

As you can see above, the social scientists at the General Social Survey do not define as strictly as encyclopedias of [[philosophy]] and many other reference works.<ref>Multiple references:

As you can see above, the social scientists at the General Social Survey do not define as strictly as encyclopedias of [[philosophy]] and many other reference works.<ref>Multiple references:

*Smart, J. J. C. (August 8, 2011). [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism "Atheism and agnosticism"]. ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (Spring 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Retrieved July 17, 2014.

*Smart, J. J. C. (August 8, 2011). [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism "Atheism and agnosticism"]. ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (Spring 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Retrieved July 17, 2014.

*Sarfati, Jonathan, Ph.D. (23 June 2007). [http://creation.com/atheism-is-more-rational "Atheism is more rational?"]. Retrieved July 17, 2014.  See [[Creation Ministries International]], [[Jonathan Sarfati]].

*Sarfati, Jonathan, Ph.D. (23 June 2007). [https://creation.com/atheism-is-more-rational "Atheism is more rational?"]. Retrieved July 17, 2014.  See [[Creation Ministries International]], [[Jonathan Sarfati]].

*Day, Donn R. (2007). [http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/athart3.htm "Atheism - etymology"].  Retrieved July 15, 2014.</ref>  As a result, in reporting their survey results there is some overlap with individuals who some may consider to be merely agnostics.   

*Day, Donn R. (2007). [http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/athart3.htm "Atheism - etymology"].  Retrieved July 15, 2014.</ref>  As a result, in reporting their survey results there is some overlap with individuals who some may consider to be merely agnostics.   

...Craig Keener, in his huge review of claims of miracles in a wide variety of cultures, concludes that routine rejection of the possibility of the [[supernatural]] represents an impulse that is [[Secular Europe|deeply Eurocentric]].<ref>[http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-03-27/the-atheism-gap The Atheism Gap] By Stephen L. Carter, ''BloombergView'', Mar 27, 2015 4:26 PM EDT</ref>}}

...Craig Keener, in his huge review of claims of miracles in a wide variety of cultures, concludes that routine rejection of the possibility of the [[supernatural]] represents an impulse that is [[Secular Europe|deeply Eurocentric]].<ref>[http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-03-27/the-atheism-gap The Atheism Gap] By Stephen L. Carter, ''BloombergView'', Mar 27, 2015 4:26 PM EDT</ref>}}

Research in the United States indicates that the daily pressures associated with being in the low income bracket reduces IQ by 13 points.<ref>[http://www.businessinsider.com/poverty-effect-on-intelligence-2013-8 Poverty Stresses The Brain So Much That It's Like Losing 13 IQ Points], ''Business Insider'', 2013</ref>  African-American and Hispanic Americans are more likely to live in poverty in the United States. The poverty rate for Blacks and Hispanics is more than double that of non-Hispanic Whites.<ref>[http://federalsafetynet.com/us-poverty-statistics.html U.S poverty rates]</ref> In addition, schooling increases IQ scores and many racial minorities in the United attend low quality, inner city public schools with high drop out rates.<ref>[http://www.pnas.org/content/109/2/425.full.pdf Schooling in adolescence raises IQ scores]</ref><ref>[https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=16 Drop out rates]</ref>

Research in the United States indicates that the daily pressures associated with being in the low income bracket reduces IQ by 13 points.<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/poverty-effect-on-intelligence-2013-8 Poverty Stresses The Brain So Much That It's Like Losing 13 IQ Points], ''Business Insider'', 2013</ref>  African-American and Hispanic Americans are more likely to live in poverty in the United States. The poverty rate for Blacks and Hispanics is more than double that of non-Hispanic Whites.<ref>[http://federalsafetynet.com/us-poverty-statistics.html U.S poverty rates]</ref> In addition, schooling increases IQ scores and many racial minorities in the United attend low quality, inner city public schools with high drop out rates.<ref>[http://www.pnas.org/content/109/2/425.full.pdf Schooling in adolescence raises IQ scores]</ref><ref>[https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=16 Drop out rates]</ref>

== Asian atheism and intelligence: China and intelligence ==

== Asian atheism and intelligence: China and intelligence ==

In the latter part of the 20th century and throughout the 21st century, China has seen a rapid growth of [[Evangelical Christians|evangelical Christianity]] within their nation, increased economic development and a leap in intelligence scores.<ref>

In the latter part of the 20th century and throughout the 21st century, China has seen a rapid growth of [[Evangelical Christians|evangelical Christianity]] within their nation, increased economic development and a leap in intelligence scores.<ref>

*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10776023/China-on-course-to-become-worlds-most-Christian-nation-within-15-years.html China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years]

*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10776023/China-on-course-to-become-worlds-most-Christian-nation-within-15-years.html China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years]

*[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31556802 Are human beings becoming smarter], BBC, March 2, 2015</ref>  See also: [[Growth of Christianity in China]] and [[Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]] and [[East Asia and global desecularization]]

*[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31556802 Are human beings becoming smarter], BBC, March 2, 2015</ref>  See also: [[Growth of Christianity in China]] and [[Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]] and [[East Asia and global desecularization]]

In addition, compared to China, [[Singapore]] and [[South Korea]] (which have higher degrees of religion/religious freedom} have higher national IQ scores of 108 and 106 respectively.<ref name="CountryIQ"/>  In addition, [[Hong Kong]], which has a greater degree of religiosity than China as a whole and greater religious freedom than mainland China, has a regional IQ score of 108.<ref name="CountryIQ"/> See also: [[Growth of Christianity in China#China, state atheism and persecution|China, state atheism and persecution]]

In addition, compared to China, [[Singapore]] and [[South Korea]] (which have higher degrees of religion/religious freedom} have higher national IQ scores of 108 and 106 respectively.<ref name="CountryIQ"/>  In addition, [[Hong Kong]], which has a greater degree of religiosity than China as a whole and greater religious freedom than mainland China, has a regional IQ score of 108.<ref name="CountryIQ"/> See also: [[Growth of Christianity in China#China, state atheism and persecution|China, state atheism and persecution]]

''See also:'' [[European atheism and intelligence]] and [[Secular Europe]]  

''See also:'' [[European atheism and intelligence]] and [[Secular Europe]]  

[[File:Europe pol 2004.jpg|thumbnail|right|326px|In 2014, the Pew Research Forum indicated that [[Europe]] will go from 11% of the world's population to 7% of the world's population by 2050.<ref>[http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/02/03/10-projections-for-the-global-population-in-2050/ 10 projections for the global population in 2050] By Rakesh Kochhar, Pew Research Forum, February 3, 2014</ref>]]

[[File:Europe pol 2004.jpg|thumbnail|right|326px|In 2014, the Pew Research Forum indicated that [[Europe]] will go from 11% of the world's population to 7% of the world's population by 2050.<ref>[https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/02/03/10-projections-for-the-global-population-in-2050/ 10 projections for the global population in 2050] By Rakesh Kochhar, Pew Research Forum, February 3, 2014</ref>]]

From a global perspective, [[Europe]] is more secular/[[Atheism|atheistic]] than the rest of the world although it does have a considerable amount of religious immigrants who have higher birth rates (see: [[Secular Europe]]).  

From a global perspective, [[Europe]] is more secular/[[Atheism|atheistic]] than the rest of the world although it does have a considerable amount of religious immigrants who have higher birth rates (see: [[Secular Europe]]).  

Developed countries with greater wealth, better educational systems and nutrition often have a cultural heritage of [[Christianity]] and often have significant Christian populations within them.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population], Pew Forum, December 10, 2011</ref><ref>[https://www.cai.org/bible-studies/these-were-christian-nations These Were Christian Nations]</ref> In terms of economic development, biblical Christianity has historically had a positive affect on countries.<ref>

Developed countries with greater wealth, better educational systems and nutrition often have a cultural heritage of [[Christianity]] and often have significant Christian populations within them.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population], Pew Forum, December 10, 2011</ref><ref>[https://www.cai.org/bible-studies/these-were-christian-nations These Were Christian Nations]</ref> In terms of economic development, biblical Christianity has historically had a positive affect on countries.<ref>

*[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012

*[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012

*[http://creation.com/christianity-as-progress  ''Christianity as progress: A review of The Victory of Reason: How Christianity Led to Freedom, Capitalism, and Western Success by Rodney Stark Random House, New York, 2005''] by Lael Weinberger

*[https://creation.com/christianity-as-progress  ''Christianity as progress: A review of The Victory of Reason: How Christianity Led to Freedom, Capitalism, and Western Success by Rodney Stark Random House, New York, 2005''] by Lael Weinberger

*[http://creation.com/the-biblical-origins-of-science-review-of-stark-for-the-glory-of-god  The biblical origins of science: A review of For The Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-hunts and the End of Slavery by Rodney Stark] by Alex Williams</ref>   

*[https://creation.com/the-biblical-origins-of-science-review-of-stark-for-the-glory-of-god  The biblical origins of science: A review of For The Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-hunts and the End of Slavery by Rodney Stark] by Alex Williams</ref>   

The atheist and [[Harvard University]] historian [[Niall Ferguson]] declared: "Through a mixture of hard work and thrift the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] societies of the North and West Atlantic achieved the most rapid economic growth in history." (See: [[Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism|Protestant work ethic and capitalism]]).<ref>[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012</ref>

The atheist and [[Harvard University]] historian [[Niall Ferguson]] declared: "Through a mixture of hard work and thrift the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] societies of the North and West Atlantic achieved the most rapid economic growth in history." (See: [[Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism|Protestant work ethic and capitalism]]).<ref>[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012</ref>

As noted above. China has the world's largest atheist population. However, as noted above, in the latter part of the 20th century and throughout the 21st century, China has seen a rapid growth of evangelical Christianity within their nation, increased economic development and a leap in intelligence scores.<ref>

As noted above. China has the world's largest atheist population. However, as noted above, in the latter part of the 20th century and throughout the 21st century, China has seen a rapid growth of evangelical Christianity within their nation, increased economic development and a leap in intelligence scores.<ref>

*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10776023/China-on-course-to-become-worlds-most-Christian-nation-within-15-years.html China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years]

*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10776023/China-on-course-to-become-worlds-most-Christian-nation-within-15-years.html China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years]

*[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31556802 Are human beings becoming smarter], BBC, March 2, 2015</ref>  See also: [[Growth of Christianity in China]]

*[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31556802 Are human beings becoming smarter], BBC, March 2, 2015</ref>  See also: [[Growth of Christianity in China]]

== Flynn effect on intelligence: Religious/secular nations trends ==

== Flynn effect on intelligence: Religious/secular nations trends ==

Militant atheism was an integral part of the materialism of [[Marxism-Leninism]], and significant in the [[French Revolution]], atheist states such as the [[Soviet Union]], and [[Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution]] (See: [[Atheism and communism]]). The term militant atheism has also been applied to antireligious political thinkers.

Militant atheism was an integral part of the materialism of [[Marxism-Leninism]], and significant in the [[French Revolution]], atheist states such as the [[Soviet Union]], and [[Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution]] (See: [[Atheism and communism]]). The term militant atheism has also been applied to antireligious political thinkers.

According to the [[University of Cambridge]], historically, the "most notable spread of atheism was achieved through the success of the 1917 [[Russian Revolution]], which brought the [[Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninists]] to power."<ref name="Marxism-Leninism">{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20130728215151/http://www.investigatingatheism.info/marxism.html|title=Investigating atheism: Marxism|publisher = [[University of Cambridge]]|quote=The most notable spread of atheism was achieved through the success of the 1917 Russian Revolution, which brought the Marxist-Leninists to power. For the first time in history, atheism thus became the official ideology of a state.|year=2008|accessdate=July 17, 2014}}</ref>

According to the [[University of Cambridge]], historically, the "most notable spread of atheism was achieved through the success of the 1917 [[Russian Revolution]], which brought the [[Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninists]] to power."<ref name="Marxism-Leninism">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728215151/http://www.investigatingatheism.info/marxism.html|title=Investigating atheism: Marxism|publisher = [[University of Cambridge]]|quote=The most notable spread of atheism was achieved through the success of the 1917 Russian Revolution, which brought the Marxist-Leninists to power. For the first time in history, atheism thus became the official ideology of a state.|year=2008|accessdate=July 17, 2014}}</ref>

It is estimated that in the past 100 years, governments under the banner of atheistic [[communism]] have caused the death of somewhere between 40,472,000 and 259,432,000 human lives.<ref>Multiple references:

It is estimated that in the past 100 years, governments under the banner of atheistic [[communism]] have caused the death of somewhere between 40,472,000 and 259,432,000 human lives.<ref>Multiple references:

*Rummel, R. J. (November 1993).  [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM "How many did communist regimes murder?"]  University of Hawaii website; Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War.  Retrieved July 19, 2014.

*Rummel, R. J. (November 1993).  [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM "How many did communist regimes murder?"]  University of Hawaii website; Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War.  Retrieved July 19, 2014.

*White, Matthew (February 2011).  [http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm "Source list and detailed death tolls for the primary megadeaths of the twentieth century"].  Necrometrics.  Retrieved July 19, 2014.

*White, Matthew (February 2011).  [http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm "Source list and detailed death tolls for the primary megadeaths of the twentieth century"].  Necrometrics.  Retrieved July 19, 2014.

*Higgins, David (June 22, 2007).  [http://web.archive.org/web/20071008035420/http://www.sarasotamagazine.com/blog/template_permalink.asp?id=365 "Memory and ideology: Washington's newest statue is the Victims Of Communism Memorial"].  Sarasota Magazine website.  Retrieved from October 8, 2007 archive at Internet Archive on May 22, 2015.

*Higgins, David (June 22, 2007).  [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008035420/http://www.sarasotamagazine.com/blog/template_permalink.asp?id=365 "Memory and ideology: Washington's newest statue is the Victims Of Communism Memorial"].  Sarasota Magazine website.  Retrieved from October 8, 2007 archive at Internet Archive on May 22, 2015.

*Radosh, Ronald (February 2000).  [http://www.firstthings.com/article.php3?id_article=2526 "''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression''"]. First Things [journal] website.  Retrieved July 19, 2014.</ref> Dr. R. J. Rummel, professor emeritus of political science at the University of Hawaii, is the scholar who first coined the term democide (death by government). Dr. R. J. Rummel's mid estimate regarding the loss of life due to communism is that communism caused the death of approximately 110,286,000 people between 1917 and 1987.<ref>Rummel, R. J. (November 1993).  [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM "How many did communist regimes murder?"]  University of Hawaii website; Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War.  Retrieved July 19, 2014.</ref>  See also: [[Atheism and Mass Murder|Atheism and mass murder]]

*Radosh, Ronald (February 2000).  [http://www.firstthings.com/article.php3?id_article=2526 "''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression''"]. First Things [journal] website.  Retrieved July 19, 2014.</ref> Dr. R. J. Rummel, professor emeritus of political science at the University of Hawaii, is the scholar who first coined the term democide (death by government). Dr. R. J. Rummel's mid estimate regarding the loss of life due to communism is that communism caused the death of approximately 110,286,000 people between 1917 and 1987.<ref>Rummel, R. J. (November 1993).  [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM "How many did communist regimes murder?"]  University of Hawaii website; Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War.  Retrieved July 19, 2014.</ref>  See also: [[Atheism and Mass Murder|Atheism and mass murder]]

In terms of emotional/intrapersonal intelligence, atheists have higher suicide/depression rates than theists (see: [[Atheism and suicide]] and [[Atheism and depression]] and [[Atheism and alcoholism]]).

In terms of emotional/intrapersonal intelligence, atheists have higher suicide/depression rates than theists (see: [[Atheism and suicide]] and [[Atheism and depression]] and [[Atheism and alcoholism]]).

In the journal article ''Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications'', psychologists McCullough and Willoughby theorize that many of the positive links of religiousness with health and social behavior may be caused by religion's beneficial influences on self-control/self-regulation.<ref>[http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/Relig_self_control_bulletin.pdf Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19210054 Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications]</ref> Furthermore, a 2012 Queen's University study published in ''Psychological Science'' found that religion replenishes self-control.<ref>[http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/05/02/0956797611431987.abstract ''Religion Replenishes Self-Control'', ''Psychological Science'', June 2012 vol. 23 no. 6 635-642, Kevin Rounding, Albert Lee, Jill A. Jacobson and Li-Jun Ji at Queen’s University]</ref><ref>[http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-01/qu-qsf012412.php Study finds religion helps us gain self-control]</ref> Also, numerous studies indicate that those who engage in regular spiritual practices have lower mortality rates.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10868765 Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review. McCullough ME, Hoyt WT, Larson DB, Koenig HG, Thoresen C., Health Psychol. 2000 May;19(3):211-22.]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1305900/ ''The role of spirituality in health care'', roc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001 October; 14(4): 352–357.]</ref> See also: [[Atheism and hedonism]]

In the journal article ''Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications'', psychologists McCullough and Willoughby theorize that many of the positive links of religiousness with health and social behavior may be caused by religion's beneficial influences on self-control/self-regulation.<ref>[http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/Relig_self_control_bulletin.pdf Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications]</ref><ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19210054 Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications]</ref> Furthermore, a 2012 Queen's University study published in ''Psychological Science'' found that religion replenishes self-control.<ref>[http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/05/02/0956797611431987.abstract ''Religion Replenishes Self-Control'', ''Psychological Science'', June 2012 vol. 23 no. 6 635-642, Kevin Rounding, Albert Lee, Jill A. Jacobson and Li-Jun Ji at Queen’s University]</ref><ref>[http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-01/qu-qsf012412.php Study finds religion helps us gain self-control]</ref> Also, numerous studies indicate that those who engage in regular spiritual practices have lower mortality rates.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10868765 Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review. McCullough ME, Hoyt WT, Larson DB, Koenig HG, Thoresen C., Health Psychol. 2000 May;19(3):211-22.]</ref><ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1305900/ ''The role of spirituality in health care'', roc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001 October; 14(4): 352–357.]</ref> See also: [[Atheism and hedonism]]

There are preliminary studies indicating that individuals who reject [[Christianity]] in Western cultures have lower self-esteem than the Christian population.<ref>http://atheistwatch.blogspot.com/2010/10/rejection-of-christianity-and-self.html</ref><ref>http://atheistwatch.blogspot.com/2010/10/atheists-and-self-esteem-part-2.html</ref> There are studies indicating that lower self-esteem is associated with suicidality.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21190929</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602903</ref>

There are preliminary studies indicating that individuals who reject [[Christianity]] in Western cultures have lower self-esteem than the Christian population.<ref>http://atheistwatch.blogspot.com/2010/10/rejection-of-christianity-and-self.html</ref><ref>http://atheistwatch.blogspot.com/2010/10/atheists-and-self-esteem-part-2.html</ref> There are studies indicating that lower self-esteem is associated with suicidality.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21190929</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602903</ref>

[[File:2010 World Cup.jpg|right|200px|thumbnail|Numerous studies report that athletes tend to be more religious than non-athletes.<ref>[http://www.thesportjournal.org/article/strength-religious-faith-athletes-and-nonathletes-two-ncaa-division-iii-institutions ''Strength of Religious Faith of Athletes and Nonathletes at Two NCAA Division III Institutions'']</ref>]]

[[File:2010 World Cup.jpg|right|200px|thumbnail|Numerous studies report that athletes tend to be more religious than non-athletes.<ref>[http://www.thesportjournal.org/article/strength-religious-faith-athletes-and-nonathletes-two-ncaa-division-iii-institutions ''Strength of Religious Faith of Athletes and Nonathletes at Two NCAA Division III Institutions'']</ref>]]

=== Naturalistic intelligence ===

=== Naturalistic intelligence ===

[[File:Safarti3.jpg|alt=evolutionary theory opponent|thumb|200px|right|The [[Creation science|creation scientist]] [[Jonathan Sarfati]], who was a New Zealand chess master, is able to play [[chess]] against multiple players blindfolded and he remains undefeated in these types of chess matches.<ref>[http://creation.com/an-awesome-mind-creation-magazine-jonathan-sarfati-interview Jonathon Sarfati interview]</ref> ]]

[[File:Safarti3.jpg|alt=evolutionary theory opponent|thumb|200px|right|The [[Creation science|creation scientist]] [[Jonathan Sarfati]], who was a New Zealand chess master, is able to play [[chess]] against multiple players blindfolded and he remains undefeated in these types of chess matches.<ref>[https://creation.com/an-awesome-mind-creation-magazine-jonathan-sarfati-interview Jonathon Sarfati interview]</ref> ]]

''See also:'' [[Atheism and science]] and [[Christianity and science]] and [[Evolution|Arguments against evolution]] and [[Intelligent design]] and [[Atheism and naturalistic intelligence]]

''See also:'' [[Atheism and science]] and [[Christianity and science]] and [[Evolution|Arguments against evolution]] and [[Intelligent design]] and [[Atheism and naturalistic intelligence]]

Given that atheists/evolutionists actively discriminate against creationist and religious conservatives in academia and other places, atheists pointing out a higher prevalence of atheists relative to their numbers belonging to high-profile scientific organizations or being awarded various distinctions is disingenuous (see: [[Suppression of alternatives to evolution]] and [[Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]).<ref>

Given that atheists/evolutionists actively discriminate against creationist and religious conservatives in academia and other places, atheists pointing out a higher prevalence of atheists relative to their numbers belonging to high-profile scientific organizations or being awarded various distinctions is disingenuous (see: [[Suppression of alternatives to evolution]] and [[Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]).<ref>

*[http://usstore.creation.com/catalog/slaughter-dissidents-p-963.html?osCsid=r7q42h4vvqrfp5ob05tnco37r3 Slaughter of the dissidents]

*[http://usstore.creation.com/catalog/slaughter-dissidents-p-963.html?osCsid=r7q42h4vvqrfp5ob05tnco37r3 Slaughter of the dissidents]

*[http://townhall.com/columnists/rachelalexander/2013/06/10/suspicions-confirmed-academia-shutting-out-conservative-professors-n1616406/page/full Suspicions confirmed, conservatives being shut out of academia]

*[https://townhall.com/columnists/rachelalexander/2013/06/10/suspicions-confirmed-academia-shutting-out-conservative-professors-n1616406/page/full Suspicions confirmed, conservatives being shut out of academia]

*[http://creation.com/refuting-evolution-chapter-1-evolution-creation-science-religion-facts-bias Refuting Evolution  Evolution & creation, science & religion, facts & bias, First published in Refuting Evolution, Chapter 1]

*[https://creation.com/refuting-evolution-chapter-1-evolution-creation-science-religion-facts-bias Refuting Evolution  Evolution & creation, science & religion, facts & bias, First published in Refuting Evolution, Chapter 1]

*[http://creation.com/the-not-so-nobel-decision-raymond-damadian-mri The not-so-Nobel decision]

*[https://creation.com/the-not-so-nobel-decision-raymond-damadian-mri The not-so-Nobel decision]

*[http://creation.com/dr-damadians-vital-contribution-to-mri-nobel-prize-controversy-returns  Dr Damadian’s vital contribution to MRI: Nobel prize controversy returns]</ref>

*[https://creation.com/dr-damadians-vital-contribution-to-mri-nobel-prize-controversy-returns  Dr Damadian’s vital contribution to MRI: Nobel prize controversy returns]</ref>

For more information, please see: [[Atheism and the suppression of science]]

For more information, please see: [[Atheism and the suppression of science]]

==== Atheism and pseodoscientific ideologies and pagan ideologies ====

==== Atheism and pseodoscientific ideologies and pagan ideologies ====

In addition, there is a significant segment of atheists who engage in the erroneous ideologies/worldviews of [[scientism]], nature worship and neo-paganism so a certain degree of preoccupation/obsession with [[pseudoscience]], [[Naturalism (philosophy)|naturalistic philosophy]] and scientific endeavors is not surprising within some members of the atheist community.<ref>[http://creation.com/atheism#atheism-neopaganism Atheism as nature worship or neo-paganism]</ref> See also:  [[Irreligion and superstition]] and [[Evolution as a secular origins myth]] and [[Evolution and Cases of Fraud, Hoaxes and Speculation]]

In addition, there is a significant segment of atheists who engage in the erroneous ideologies/worldviews of [[scientism]], nature worship and neo-paganism so a certain degree of preoccupation/obsession with [[pseudoscience]], [[Naturalism (philosophy)|naturalistic philosophy]] and scientific endeavors is not surprising within some members of the atheist community.<ref>[https://creation.com/atheism#atheism-neopaganism Atheism as nature worship or neo-paganism]</ref> See also:  [[Irreligion and superstition]] and [[Evolution as a secular origins myth]] and [[Evolution and Cases of Fraud, Hoaxes and Speculation]]

==== Scientific community and grasp of logic, statistics and history/philosophy of science ====

==== Scientific community and grasp of logic, statistics and history/philosophy of science ====

*[http://voxday.blogspot.com/2008/01/atheist-morality-and-iq-in-action.html TIA review aka Atheism in Action]  

*[http://voxday.blogspot.com/2008/01/atheist-morality-and-iq-in-action.html TIA review aka Atheism in Action]  

*[http://voxday.blogspot.com/2011/07/its-not-all-nails.html It's not all nails]

*[http://voxday.blogspot.com/2011/07/its-not-all-nails.html It's not all nails]

*[http://voxday.blogspot.ca/2014/02/statistical-misleadings.html Statistical misleadings]</ref> Moreover, due to the poor ethics of many atheist/secular scientists, scientific fraud has become a significant problem within the scientific community.<ref>[http://creation.com/science-fraud-epidemic http://creation.com/science-fraud-epidemic Scientific fraud epidemic]</ref>

*[http://voxday.blogspot.ca/2014/02/statistical-misleadings.html Statistical misleadings]</ref> Moreover, due to the poor ethics of many atheist/secular scientists, scientific fraud has become a significant problem within the scientific community.<ref>[https://creation.com/science-fraud-epidemic https://creation.com/science-fraud-epidemic Scientific fraud epidemic]</ref>

==== Reluctance of evolutionists to debate and past debate record ====

==== Reluctance of evolutionists to debate and past debate record ====

Since [[World War II]] a majority of the most prominent and vocal defenders of the [[evolution]]ary position which employs methodological naturalism have been atheists and agnostics (see also: [[Causes of evolutionary belief]]).<ref>

Since [[World War II]] a majority of the most prominent and vocal defenders of the [[evolution]]ary position which employs methodological naturalism have been atheists and agnostics (see also: [[Causes of evolutionary belief]]).<ref>

* Dr. Don Batten, [http://creation.com/a-whos-who-of-evolutionists A ''Who’s Who'' of evolutionists] ''Creation'' 20(1):32, December 1997.

* Dr. Don Batten, [https://creation.com/a-whos-who-of-evolutionists A ''Who’s Who'' of evolutionists] ''Creation'' 20(1):32, December 1997.

* Jonathan Sarfati, Ph.D.,F.M., [http://www.creation.com/content/view/3830 ''Refuting Evolution'', Chapter 1, Facts and Bias]

* Jonathan Sarfati, Ph.D.,F.M., [http://www.creation.com/content/view/3830 ''Refuting Evolution'', Chapter 1, Facts and Bias]

</ref>  [[Charles Darwin]]'s evolutionary book ''The Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life'' has been translated into 35 languages.<ref>[http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/valentinedarwin/vanwyhe Darwin in translation]</ref>

</ref>  [[Charles Darwin]]'s evolutionary book ''The Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life'' has been translated into 35 languages.<ref>[http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/valentinedarwin/vanwyhe Darwin in translation]</ref>

In terms of its geographic distribution, [[Christianity]] is a more [[Global Christianity|global religion]] than most, if not all, religions (See also: [[Global Christianity]]).<ref>[http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/08/27/many-religions-heavily-concentrated-in-one-or-two-countries/ Many religions heavily concentrated in one or two countries]</ref><ref>[http://wwwgordonconwell.com/netcommunity/CSGCResources/ChristianityinitsGlobalContext.pdf Christianity in its global context]</ref>  The [[Bible]] has been translated into 518 languages and 2,798 languages have at least some portion of the Bible.<ref>[http://www.audiobiblesdownload.com/bible-translations/ Bible translations]</ref>  In addition, the Christian community is far more [[evangelism|evangelistic]] than the atheist community and Christian [[Missionary|missionaries]] are throughout the world.  

In terms of its geographic distribution, [[Christianity]] is a more [[Global Christianity|global religion]] than most, if not all, religions (See also: [[Global Christianity]]).<ref>[https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/08/27/many-religions-heavily-concentrated-in-one-or-two-countries/ Many religions heavily concentrated in one or two countries]</ref><ref>[http://wwwgordonconwell.com/netcommunity/CSGCResources/ChristianityinitsGlobalContext.pdf Christianity in its global context]</ref>  The [[Bible]] has been translated into 518 languages and 2,798 languages have at least some portion of the Bible.<ref>[http://www.audiobiblesdownload.com/bible-translations/ Bible translations]</ref>  In addition, the Christian community is far more [[evangelism|evangelistic]] than the atheist community and Christian [[Missionary|missionaries]] are throughout the world.  

Collectively speaking, the Christian community has a greater degree of linguistic and cultural intelligence than the atheist community. See also: [[Atheist Population|Atheist population]] and [[Western atheism and race]] and [[Social Darwinism]] and [[Evolutionary racism]]

Collectively speaking, the Christian community has a greater degree of linguistic and cultural intelligence than the atheist community. See also: [[Atheist Population|Atheist population]] and [[Western atheism and race]] and [[Social Darwinism]] and [[Evolutionary racism]]

'''Socioeconomic factors:'''

'''Socioeconomic factors:'''

As noted above, research in the United States indicates that the daily pressures associated with being in the low income bracket reduces IQ by 13 points.<ref>[http://www.businessinsider.com/poverty-effect-on-intelligence-2013-8 Poverty Stresses The Brain So Much That It's Like Losing 13 IQ Points], ''Business Insider'', 2013</ref> Africa is a very religious region and many Africans live in abject poverty.  The same applies to India.  

As noted above, research in the United States indicates that the daily pressures associated with being in the low income bracket reduces IQ by 13 points.<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/poverty-effect-on-intelligence-2013-8 Poverty Stresses The Brain So Much That It's Like Losing 13 IQ Points], ''Business Insider'', 2013</ref> Africa is a very religious region and many Africans live in abject poverty.  The same applies to India.  

Furthermore, poorer individuals are more religious and they often have lower access to quality education (attend low quality, public schools in the inner city) and health care plus face other factors which would negatively affect their intelligence score tests (nutrition, poor children are more likely to ingest lead paint which causes intellectual impairment, etc.)<ref>[http://questionevolution.blogspot.com/2012/07/does-atheism-thrive-on-economic.html Does atheism thrive on economic prosperity? Does religion prosper when people are desperate and ignorant?]</ref>  

Furthermore, poorer individuals are more religious and they often have lower access to quality education (attend low quality, public schools in the inner city) and health care plus face other factors which would negatively affect their intelligence score tests (nutrition, poor children are more likely to ingest lead paint which causes intellectual impairment, etc.)<ref>[http://questionevolution.blogspot.com/2012/07/does-atheism-thrive-on-economic.html Does atheism thrive on economic prosperity? Does religion prosper when people are desperate and ignorant?]</ref>  

<ref>[http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/lead/exposure/childhood/finalplanscan.htm Lead paint poisoning]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1247191/ Lead poisoning and intellectual development]</ref>

<ref>[http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/lead/exposure/childhood/finalplanscan.htm Lead paint poisoning]</ref><ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1247191/ Lead poisoning and intellectual development]</ref>

'''Failed to take into account multiple intelligences theory:'''

'''Failed to take into account multiple intelligences theory:'''