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HTTP --> HTTPS #3, replaced: http://www.foxnews.com → https://www.foxnews.com, http://www.amazon.com → https://www.amazon.com (25), http://www.census.gov → https://www.census.gov
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[[File:Chicago downtown.jpg|thumb|260px|left|The Sears Tower (now named Willis Tower) is in the distance.]]
[[File:Chicago downtown.jpg|thumb|260px|left|The Sears Tower (now named Willis Tower) is in the distance.]]
'''Chicago''' is a city located in the northeastern corner of the state of [[Illinois]] on the shore of the southwestern tip of [[Lake Michigan]]. Chicago is located mostly within [[Cook County]], but a corner of its O'Hare Airport is in [[DuPage County]]. It is the largest city in Illinois and the third-largest city in the [[United States]], with 2.8 million residents, after New York City and Los Angeles.<ref>http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17/1714000.html</ref> The Chicago metropolitan area, which extends from southern [[Wisconsin]] to northeastern [[Indiana]] and is often called "Chicagoland", contains 9.3 million people.<ref>http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro_general/2006/CSA-EST2006-alldata.csv</ref> It is the dominant city of the Midwest for transportation, trade, finance and high culture, and only reluctantly gave up the "second city" title to [[Los Angeles]] in the 1970s.
'''Chicago''' is a city located in the northeastern corner of the state of [[Illinois]] on the shore of the southwestern tip of [[Lake Michigan]]. Chicago is located mostly within [[Cook County]], but a corner of its O'Hare Airport is in [[DuPage County]]. It is the largest city in Illinois and the third-largest city in the [[United States]], with 2.8 million residents, after New York City and Los Angeles.<ref>http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17/1714000.html</ref> The Chicago metropolitan area, which extends from southern [[Wisconsin]] to northeastern [[Indiana]] and is often called "Chicagoland", contains 9.3 million people.<ref>https://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro_general/2006/CSA-EST2006-alldata.csv</ref> It is the dominant city of the Midwest for transportation, trade, finance and high culture, and only reluctantly gave up the "second city" title to [[Los Angeles]] in the 1970s.
The name "Chicago" originated in 1630, when the Miami-Illinois Indians arrived in the region, and called it after a type of wild garlic that grew in the area.
The name "Chicago" originated in 1630, when the Miami-Illinois Indians arrived in the region, and called it after a type of wild garlic that grew in the area.
Chicago is home to the [[Sears Tower|Willis Tower]], which at 1,450 feet is the tallest building in the United States, and was once the tallest building in the world. The building, more commonly known locally and internationally as the "Sears Tower", was originally the headquarters of Sears when constructed. In the late 2000s, London-based Willis Insurance bought the naming rights to the tower upon leasing a significant amount of space.<ref>http://www.thesearstower.com/buildinginfo.axis?type=n&name=Property Profile</ref> The world-renowned ''Art Institute of Chicago'' houses both a museum and a school.<ref>[http://www.artic.edu/ The Art Institute of Chicago]</ref>
Chicago is home to the [[Sears Tower|Willis Tower]], which at 1,450 feet is the tallest building in the United States, and was once the tallest building in the world. The building, more commonly known locally and internationally as the "Sears Tower", was originally the headquarters of Sears when constructed. In the late 2000s, London-based Willis Insurance bought the naming rights to the tower upon leasing a significant amount of space.<ref>http://www.thesearstower.com/buildinginfo.axis?type=n&name=Property Profile</ref> The world-renowned ''Art Institute of Chicago'' houses both a museum and a school.<ref>[http://www.artic.edu/ The Art Institute of Chicago]</ref>
The City of Chicago has high gun violence levels, and the strict [[gun control]] laws of the city and of Illinois have not had any effect in reducing violence.<ref>Schallhorn, Kaitlyn (August 9, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/09/chicago-shootings-put-spotlight-on-illinois-gun-laws.html Chicago shootings put spotlight on Illinois gun laws]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 9, 2018.</ref> Chicago is very [[liberal]], and as of 2019, it has more members of the [[Democratic Socialists of America]] n its city council than Republicans.<ref>Richardson, Valerie (April 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/apr/5/socialists-outnumber-republicans-chicago-city-coun/ Left-wing wave: More socialists than Republicans to hold seats on Chicago City Council]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 5, 2019.</ref>
The City of Chicago has high gun violence levels, and the strict [[gun control]] laws of the city and of Illinois have not had any effect in reducing violence.<ref>Schallhorn, Kaitlyn (August 9, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/09/chicago-shootings-put-spotlight-on-illinois-gun-laws.html Chicago shootings put spotlight on Illinois gun laws]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 9, 2018.</ref> Chicago is very [[liberal]], and as of 2019, it has more members of the [[Democratic Socialists of America]] n its city council than Republicans.<ref>Richardson, Valerie (April 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/apr/5/socialists-outnumber-republicans-chicago-city-coun/ Left-wing wave: More socialists than Republicans to hold seats on Chicago City Council]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 5, 2019.</ref>
==Demography==
==Demography==
Chicagoans define themselves by neighborhood (or for Catholics, by their parish).
Chicagoans define themselves by neighborhood (or for Catholics, by their parish).
====Home ownership====
====Home ownership====
Concentrating the family resources to achieve home ownerships was a common strategy in the ethnic neighborhoods. It meant sacrificing current consumption, and pulling children out of school as soon as they could earn a wage. By 1900 working-class ethnics immigrants owned homes at higher rates than native-born people. After borrowing from friends and building associations, immigrants kept boarders, grew market gardens, and even opened home-based commercial laundries, eroding home-work distinctions while sending out women and children to work to repay loans. They sought not middle class upward mobility but the security of home ownership. Many social workers wanted them to pursue upward job mobility (which required more education), but realtors asserted that houses were better than a bank for a poor man. With [[hindsight]], and considering uninsured banks' precariousness, this appears to have been true. Chicago's workers made immense sacrifices for home ownership, contributing to Chicago's sprawling suburban geography and to modern myths about the American dream. The Jewish community, by contrast, rented apartments and maximized education and upward mobility for the next generation.<ref>Elaine Lewinnek, "Better than a Bank for a Poor Man? Home Financing Strategies in Early Chicago." ''Journal of Urban History'' 2006 32(2): 274-301. Issn: 0096-1442 Fulltext: [[Sage]]; see also Joseph C. Bigott, ''From Cottage to Bungalow: Houses and the Working Classes in Metropolitan Chicago, 1869-1929'' (2001) [http://www.amazon.com/Cottage-Bungalow-Metropolitan-1869-1929-Architecture/dp/0226048756/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198670620&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]</ref>
Concentrating the family resources to achieve home ownerships was a common strategy in the ethnic neighborhoods. It meant sacrificing current consumption, and pulling children out of school as soon as they could earn a wage. By 1900 working-class ethnics immigrants owned homes at higher rates than native-born people. After borrowing from friends and building associations, immigrants kept boarders, grew market gardens, and even opened home-based commercial laundries, eroding home-work distinctions while sending out women and children to work to repay loans. They sought not middle class upward mobility but the security of home ownership. Many social workers wanted them to pursue upward job mobility (which required more education), but realtors asserted that houses were better than a bank for a poor man. With [[hindsight]], and considering uninsured banks' precariousness, this appears to have been true. Chicago's workers made immense sacrifices for home ownership, contributing to Chicago's sprawling suburban geography and to modern myths about the American dream. The Jewish community, by contrast, rented apartments and maximized education and upward mobility for the next generation.<ref>Elaine Lewinnek, "Better than a Bank for a Poor Man? Home Financing Strategies in Early Chicago." ''Journal of Urban History'' 2006 32(2): 274-301. Issn: 0096-1442 Fulltext: [[Sage]]; see also Joseph C. Bigott, ''From Cottage to Bungalow: Houses and the Working Classes in Metropolitan Chicago, 1869-1929'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/Cottage-Bungalow-Metropolitan-1869-1929-Architecture/dp/0226048756/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198670620&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]</ref>
===Suburbs===
===Suburbs===
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
the best source to study all aspects of Chicago is [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/ James R. Grossman, Ann Durkin Keating, and Janice L. Reiff, eds.. ''The Encyclopedia of Chicago'' University of Chicago Press, (2005) ISBN 0-226-31015-9; (online version)]
the best source to study all aspects of Chicago is [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/ James R. Grossman, Ann Durkin Keating, and Janice L. Reiff, eds.. ''The Encyclopedia of Chicago'' University of Chicago Press, (2005) ISBN 0-226-31015-9; (online version)]
* Szucs, Loretto Dennis. ''Chicago and Cook County: A Guide to Research'' (1996), 517pp; bibliographies for genealogy and local history [http://www.amazon.com/Chicago-Cook-County-Guide-Research/dp/0916489620/ref=si3_rdr_bb_product excerpt and text search]
* Szucs, Loretto Dennis. ''Chicago and Cook County: A Guide to Research'' (1996), 517pp; bibliographies for genealogy and local history [https://www.amazon.com/Chicago-Cook-County-Guide-Research/dp/0916489620/ref=si3_rdr_bb_product excerpt and text search]
===Current===
===Current===
* ''Frommer's Chicago 2007'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Chicago-2007-Complete/dp/0470040785/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198575167&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* ''Frommer's Chicago 2007'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Chicago-2007-Complete/dp/0470040785/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198575167&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
===History===
===History===
====Surveys====
====Surveys====
* Longstreet, Stephen. ''Chicago: An Intimate Portrait of People, Pleasures, and Power, 1860-1919.'' (1973). 547 pp. popular
* Longstreet, Stephen. ''Chicago: An Intimate Portrait of People, Pleasures, and Power, 1860-1919.'' (1973). 547 pp. popular
* Miller, Donald L. ''City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America'' (1997), popular epic; [http://www.amazon.com/City-Century-Chicago-Making-America/dp/0684831384/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198576637&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Miller, Donald L. ''City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America'' (1997), popular epic; [https://www.amazon.com/City-Century-Chicago-Making-America/dp/0684831384/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198576637&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
*Pierce, Bessie Louise. ''A History of Chicago, Volume I: The Beginning of a City 1673-1848'' (1937; reprint 2007); ''Volume II: From Town to City 1848-1871'' (reprint 2007); ''Volume III: The Rise of a Modern City, 1871-1893'' (reprint 2007)
*Pierce, Bessie Louise. ''A History of Chicago, Volume I: The Beginning of a City 1673-1848'' (1937; reprint 2007); ''Volume II: From Town to City 1848-1871'' (reprint 2007); ''Volume III: The Rise of a Modern City, 1871-1893'' (reprint 2007)
* Spinney, Robert G. ''City of Big Shoulders: A History of Chicago'' (2000), popular epic; [http://www.amazon.com/City-Big-Shoulders-History-Chicago/dp/0875805833/ref=pd_bbs_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198576637&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
* Spinney, Robert G. ''City of Big Shoulders: A History of Chicago'' (2000), popular epic; [https://www.amazon.com/City-Big-Shoulders-History-Chicago/dp/0875805833/ref=pd_bbs_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198576637&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
====Geography, region, housing====
====Geography, region, housing====
* Barrett, Paul. ''The Automobile and Urban Transit: The Formation of Public Policy in Chicago, 1900-1930.'' (1983). 295 pp.
* Barrett, Paul. ''The Automobile and Urban Transit: The Formation of Public Policy in Chicago, 1900-1930.'' (1983). 295 pp.
* Betancur, John J. "The Settlement Experience of Latinos in Chicago: Segregation, Speculation, and the Ecology Model." ''Social Forces'' 1996 74(4): 1299-1324. Issn: 0037-7732 Fulltext: [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0037-7732(199606)74%3A4%3C1299%3ATSEOLI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L Jstor]
* Betancur, John J. "The Settlement Experience of Latinos in Chicago: Segregation, Speculation, and the Ecology Model." ''Social Forces'' 1996 74(4): 1299-1324. Issn: 0037-7732 Fulltext: [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0037-7732(199606)74%3A4%3C1299%3ATSEOLI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L Jstor]
* Bigott, Joseph C. ''From Cottage to Bungalow: Houses and the Working Classes in Metropolitan Chicago, 1869-1929'' (2001) [http://www.amazon.com/Cottage-Bungalow-Metropolitan-1869-1929-Architecture/dp/0226048756/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198670620&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Bigott, Joseph C. ''From Cottage to Bungalow: Houses and the Working Classes in Metropolitan Chicago, 1869-1929'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/Cottage-Bungalow-Metropolitan-1869-1929-Architecture/dp/0226048756/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198670620&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Bronsky, Eric, Neal Samors and Jennifer Samors. ''Downtown Chicago in Transition'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Downtown-Chicago-Transition-Bronsky-Samors/dp/0979789206/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198575167&sr=1-10 excerpt and text search]
* Bronsky, Eric, Neal Samors and Jennifer Samors. ''Downtown Chicago in Transition'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Downtown-Chicago-Transition-Bronsky-Samors/dp/0979789206/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198575167&sr=1-10 excerpt and text search]
* Cronon, William. ''Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West.'' (1991). 530 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Natures-Metropolis-Chicago-Great-West/dp/0393308731/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198592196&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Cronon, William. ''Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West.'' (1991). 530 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Natures-Metropolis-Chicago-Great-West/dp/0393308731/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198592196&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Garb, Margaret. ''City of American Dreams: A History of Home Ownership and Housing Reform in Chicago, 1871-1919.'' (2005). 261 pp.
* Garb, Margaret. ''City of American Dreams: A History of Home Ownership and Housing Reform in Chicago, 1871-1919.'' (2005). 261 pp.
* Keating, Ann Durkin. ''Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis.'' (1988). 230 pp.
* Keating, Ann Durkin. ''Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis.'' (1988). 230 pp.
* Pacyga, Dominic A. and Skerrett, Ellen. ''Chicago: City of Neighborhoods. Histories and Tours.'' (1986). 582 pp.
* Pacyga, Dominic A. and Skerrett, Ellen. ''Chicago: City of Neighborhoods. Histories and Tours.'' (1986). 582 pp.
* Randall, Gregory C. ''America's Original G.I. Town: Park Forest, Illinois.'' 2000. 236 pp.
* Randall, Gregory C. ''America's Original G.I. Town: Park Forest, Illinois.'' 2000. 236 pp.
* Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi. ''American Project: The Rise and Fall of a Modern Ghetto,'' (2002), 360pp, on Robert Taylor Homes, a high rise public housing project with a negative reputation [http://www.amazon.com/American-Project-Rise-Modern-Ghetto/dp/0674008308/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198670359&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi. ''American Project: The Rise and Fall of a Modern Ghetto,'' (2002), 360pp, on Robert Taylor Homes, a high rise public housing project with a negative reputation [https://www.amazon.com/American-Project-Rise-Modern-Ghetto/dp/0674008308/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198670359&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* WPA. ''Illinois: A Descriptive and Historical Guide'' (1939)
* WPA. ''Illinois: A Descriptive and Historical Guide'' (1939)
* Biles, Roger. ''Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Governing of Chicago.'' (1995). 292 pp.
* Biles, Roger. ''Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Governing of Chicago.'' (1995). 292 pp.
* Biles, Roger. ''Big City Boss in Depression and War: Mayor Edward J. Kelly of Chicago.'' (1984). 219 pp.
* Biles, Roger. ''Big City Boss in Depression and War: Mayor Edward J. Kelly of Chicago.'' (1984). 219 pp.
* Bukowski, Douglas. ''Big Bill Thompson, Chicago, and the Politics of Image.'' (1998). 273 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Bill-Thompson-Chicago-Politics-Image/dp/0252066685/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198592309&sr=1-14 excerpt and text search]
* Bukowski, Douglas. ''Big Bill Thompson, Chicago, and the Politics of Image.'' (1998). 273 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Bill-Thompson-Chicago-Politics-Image/dp/0252066685/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198592309&sr=1-14 excerpt and text search]
* Cohen, Adam, and Elizabeth Taylor. ''American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley - His Battle for Chicago and the Nation.'' (2001). 614pp ISBN 0-316-83489-0 [http://www.amazon.com/American-Pharaoh-Richard-Battle-Chicago/dp/B000FDFWIW/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610306&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
* Cohen, Adam, and Elizabeth Taylor. ''American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley - His Battle for Chicago and the Nation.'' (2001). 614pp ISBN 0-316-83489-0 [https://www.amazon.com/American-Pharaoh-Richard-Battle-Chicago/dp/B000FDFWIW/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610306&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
* Flanagan, Maureen A. ''Charter Reform in Chicago.'' (1987). 207 pp.
* Flanagan, Maureen A. ''Charter Reform in Chicago.'' (1987). 207 pp.
* Fuchs, Ester R. ''Mayors and Money: Fiscal Policy in New York and Chicago.'' (1992). 361 pp.
* Fuchs, Ester R. ''Mayors and Money: Fiscal Policy in New York and Chicago.'' (1992). 361 pp.
* Rivlin, Gary. ''Fire on the Prairie: Chicago's Harold Washington and the Politics of Race.'' (1992). 426 pp.
* Rivlin, Gary. ''Fire on the Prairie: Chicago's Harold Washington and the Politics of Race.'' (1992). 426 pp.
* Schmidt, John R. ''"The Mayor Who Cleaned Up Chicago": A Political Biography of William E. Dever.'' (1989). 239 pp.
* Schmidt, John R. ''"The Mayor Who Cleaned Up Chicago": A Political Biography of William E. Dever.'' (1989). 239 pp.
* Schneirov, Richard. ''Labor and Urban Politics: Class Conflict and the Origins of Modern Liberalism in Chicago, 1864-97.'' (1998). 390 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Labor-Urban-Politics-Conflict-Liberalism/dp/0252066766/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198678418&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Schneirov, Richard. ''Labor and Urban Politics: Class Conflict and the Origins of Modern Liberalism in Chicago, 1864-97.'' (1998). 390 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Labor-Urban-Politics-Conflict-Liberalism/dp/0252066766/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198678418&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Simpson, Dick. ''Rogues, Rebels, and Rubber Stamps: The Politics of the Chicago City Council from 1863 to the Present'' (2001) 356pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100296105 online edition]
* Simpson, Dick. ''Rogues, Rebels, and Rubber Stamps: The Politics of the Chicago City Council from 1863 to the Present'' (2001) 356pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100296105 online edition]
* Smith, Joan K. ''Ella Flagg Young: Portrait of a Leader.'' (1979). 272 pp.
* Smith, Joan K. ''Ella Flagg Young: Portrait of a Leader.'' (1979). 272 pp.
====Crime, law and disaster ====
====Crime, law and disaster ====
* Adler, Jeffrey S. ''First in Violence, Deepest in Dirt: Homicide in Chicago, 1875-1920.'' (2006). 357 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/First-Violence-Deepest-Dirt-Homicide/dp/0674021495/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610340&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]
* Adler, Jeffrey S. ''First in Violence, Deepest in Dirt: Homicide in Chicago, 1875-1920.'' (2006). 357 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/First-Violence-Deepest-Dirt-Homicide/dp/0674021495/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610340&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]
* Adler, Jeffrey S. "'We've Got a Right to Fight; We're Married': Domestic Homicide in Chicago, 1875-1920." ''Journal of Interdisciplinary History'' 2003 34(1): 27-48. Issn: 0022-1953 Fulltext: Project Muse
* Adler, Jeffrey S. "'We've Got a Right to Fight; We're Married': Domestic Homicide in Chicago, 1875-1920." ''Journal of Interdisciplinary History'' 2003 34(1): 27-48. Issn: 0022-1953 Fulltext: Project Muse
* Avrich, Paul. ''The Haymarket Tragedy'' (1984) [http://www.amazon.com/Haymarket-Tragedy-Paul-Avrich/dp/0691006008/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198669133&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Avrich, Paul. ''The Haymarket Tragedy'' (1984) [https://www.amazon.com/Haymarket-Tragedy-Paul-Avrich/dp/0691006008/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198669133&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Bales, Richard F. ''The Great Chicago Fire and the Myth of Mrs. O'Leary's Cow.'' (2002). 338 pp.
* Bales, Richard F. ''The Great Chicago Fire and the Myth of Mrs. O'Leary's Cow.'' (2002). 338 pp.
* Hilton, George W. ''Eastland: Legacy of the Titanic.'' (1995). 364 pp. The cruise ship capsized at its pier on a calm day in 1915, killing over 800 passengers. It was topheavy because of new federal laws (passed in response to the Titanic) requiring lifboats.
* Hilton, George W. ''Eastland: Legacy of the Titanic.'' (1995). 364 pp. The cruise ship capsized at its pier on a calm day in 1915, killing over 800 passengers. It was topheavy because of new federal laws (passed in response to the Titanic) requiring lifboats.
* Tuttle, William M., Jr. ''Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919.'' (1970). 305 pp.
* Tuttle, William M., Jr. ''Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919.'' (1970). 305 pp.
* Wendt, Lloyd, and Herman Kogan. ''Lords of the Levee.'' (1967), popular stories from early 20th century.
* Wendt, Lloyd, and Herman Kogan. ''Lords of the Levee.'' (1967), popular stories from early 20th century.
* Willrich, Michael. ''City of Courts: Socializing Justice in Progressive Era Chicago.'' (2003). 332 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/City-Courts-Socializing-Progressive-Historical/dp/052179403X/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610340&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search]
* Willrich, Michael. ''City of Courts: Socializing Justice in Progressive Era Chicago.'' (2003). 332 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/City-Courts-Socializing-Progressive-Historical/dp/052179403X/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610340&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search]
* Wolcott, David B. ''Cops and Kids: Policing Juvenile Delinquency in Urban America, 1890-1940.'' (2005). 264 pp.
* Wolcott, David B. ''Cops and Kids: Policing Juvenile Delinquency in Urban America, 1890-1940.'' (2005). 264 pp.
====Labor====
====Labor====
* Bae, Youngsoo. ''Labor in Retreat: Class and Community among Men's Clothing Workers of Chicago, 1871-1929.'' (2001). 295 pp.
* Bae, Youngsoo. ''Labor in Retreat: Class and Community among Men's Clothing Workers of Chicago, 1871-1929.'' (2001). 295 pp.
* Barrett, James. ''Work and Community in the Jungle: Chicago's Packinghouse Workers, 1894--1922'' (1987), [http://www.amazon.com/Work-Community-Jungle-Packinghouse-1894-1922/dp/0252061365/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198680212&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Barrett, James. ''Work and Community in the Jungle: Chicago's Packinghouse Workers, 1894--1922'' (1987), [https://www.amazon.com/Work-Community-Jungle-Packinghouse-1894-1922/dp/0252061365/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198680212&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Cohen, Lizabeth. ''Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939.'' (1990). 526 pp.
* Cohen, Lizabeth. ''Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939.'' (1990). 526 pp.
* Cummings, John. "The Chicago Teamsters’ Strike: A study in industrial democracy." ''Journal of Political Economy'' (1905) 13: 536–73. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3808(190509)13%3A4%3C536%3ATCTSSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6 in jstor]
* Cummings, John. "The Chicago Teamsters’ Strike: A study in industrial democracy." ''Journal of Political Economy'' (1905) 13: 536–73. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3808(190509)13%3A4%3C536%3ATCTSSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6 in jstor]
====Business and economics====
====Business and economics====
* Ascoli, Peter Max. ''Julius Rosenwald: The Man Who Built Sears, Roebuck and Advanced the Cause of Black Education in the American South'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Julius-Rosenwald-Education-Philanthropic-Nonprofit/dp/0253347416/ref=sr_1_31?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198677606&sr=1-31 excerpt and text search]
* Ascoli, Peter Max. ''Julius Rosenwald: The Man Who Built Sears, Roebuck and Advanced the Cause of Black Education in the American South'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Julius-Rosenwald-Education-Philanthropic-Nonprofit/dp/0253347416/ref=sr_1_31?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198677606&sr=1-31 excerpt and text search]
* Emmet, Boris, and John E. Jeuck. ''Catalogues and Counters: A History of Sears, Roebuck & Company'' (1965), the standard corporate history
* Emmet, Boris, and John E. Jeuck. ''Catalogues and Counters: A History of Sears, Roebuck & Company'' (1965), the standard corporate history
* Ferris, William G. ''The Grain Traders: The Story of the Chicago Board of Trade.'' (1988). 221 pp.
* Ferris, William G. ''The Grain Traders: The Story of the Chicago Board of Trade.'' (1988). 221 pp.
* Pellow, David Naguib. ''Garbage Wars: The Struggle for Environmental Justice in Chicago.'' (2002). 234 pp.
* Pellow, David Naguib. ''Garbage Wars: The Struggle for Environmental Justice in Chicago.'' (2002). 234 pp.
* Platt, Harold L. ''Shock Cities: The Environmental Transformation and Reform of Manchester and Chicago.'' (2005). 628 pp.
* Platt, Harold L. ''Shock Cities: The Environmental Transformation and Reform of Manchester and Chicago.'' (2005). 628 pp.
* Platt, Harold L. ''The Electric City: Energy and the Growth of the Chicago Area, 1880-1930.'' (1991). 318 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Electric-City-Energy-Chicago-1880-1930/dp/0226670759/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610340&sr=8-6 excerpt and text search]
* Platt, Harold L. ''The Electric City: Energy and the Growth of the Chicago Area, 1880-1930.'' (1991). 318 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Electric-City-Energy-Chicago-1880-1930/dp/0226670759/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610340&sr=8-6 excerpt and text search]
====High culture, architecture, science====
====High culture, architecture, science====
* Hines, Thomas S. ''Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner.'' (1974). 445 pp.
* Hines, Thomas S. ''Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner.'' (1974). 445 pp.
* Longstreth, Richard, ed. ''The Charnley House: Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, and the Making of Chicago's Gold Coast.'' (2004). 249 pp.
* Longstreth, Richard, ed. ''The Charnley House: Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, and the Making of Chicago's Gold Coast.'' (2004). 249 pp.
* Lowe, David Garrard. ''Lost Chicago'' (2000), architectural landmarks that were torn down. [http://www.amazon.com/Lost-Chicago-David-Garrard-Lowe/dp/0823028712/ref=pd_bbs_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198576637&sr=8-5 excerpt and text search]
* Lowe, David Garrard. ''Lost Chicago'' (2000), architectural landmarks that were torn down. [https://www.amazon.com/Lost-Chicago-David-Garrard-Lowe/dp/0823028712/ref=pd_bbs_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198576637&sr=8-5 excerpt and text search]
* McCarthy, Kathleen D. ''Noblesse Oblige: Charity and Cultural Philanthropy in Chicago, 1849-1929.'' (1982). 230 pp.
* McCarthy, Kathleen D. ''Noblesse Oblige: Charity and Cultural Philanthropy in Chicago, 1849-1929.'' (1982). 230 pp.
* Moudry, Roberta, ed. ''The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories.'' (2005). 281 pp.
* Moudry, Roberta, ed. ''The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories.'' (2005). 281 pp.
* Strickland, Arvarh E. ''History of the Chicago Urban League.'' 1966, 2nd ed. (2001). 286 pp.
* Strickland, Arvarh E. ''History of the Chicago Urban League.'' 1966, 2nd ed. (2001). 286 pp.
* Tuttle, William M., Jr. ''Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919.'' (1970). 305 pp.
* Tuttle, William M., Jr. ''Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919.'' (1970). 305 pp.
* Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi. ''American Project: The Rise and Fall of a Modern Ghetto,'' (2002), 360pp, on Robert Taylor Homes, a high rise public housing project with a negative reputation [http://www.amazon.com/American-Project-Rise-Modern-Ghetto/dp/0674008308/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198670359&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi. ''American Project: The Rise and Fall of a Modern Ghetto,'' (2002), 360pp, on Robert Taylor Homes, a high rise public housing project with a negative reputation [https://www.amazon.com/American-Project-Rise-Modern-Ghetto/dp/0674008308/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198670359&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Wellman, James K., Jr. ''The Gold Coast Church and the Ghetto: Christ and Culture in Mainline Protestantism.'' (1999). 241 pp.
* Wellman, James K., Jr. ''The Gold Coast Church and the Ghetto: Christ and Culture in Mainline Protestantism.'' (1999). 241 pp.
* Anderson, Philip J. and Blanck, Dag, eds. ''Swedish-American Life in Chicago: Cultural and Urban Aspects of an Immigrant People, 1850-1930.'' (1992). 394 pp.
* Anderson, Philip J. and Blanck, Dag, eds. ''Swedish-American Life in Chicago: Cultural and Urban Aspects of an Immigrant People, 1850-1930.'' (1992). 394 pp.
* Avella, Steven M. ''This Confident Church: Catholic Leadership and Life in Chicago, 1940-1965.'' (1992). 410 pp.
* Avella, Steven M. ''This Confident Church: Catholic Leadership and Life in Chicago, 1940-1965.'' (1992). 410 pp.
* Barrett, James. ''Work and Community in the Jungle: Chicago's Packinghouse Workers, 1894--1922'' (1987), [http://www.amazon.com/Work-Community-Jungle-Packinghouse-1894-1922/dp/0252061365/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198680212&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Barrett, James. ''Work and Community in the Jungle: Chicago's Packinghouse Workers, 1894--1922'' (1987), [https://www.amazon.com/Work-Community-Jungle-Packinghouse-1894-1922/dp/0252061365/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198680212&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Beijbom, Ulf. ''Swedes in Chicago: A Demographic and Social Study of the 1846-1880 Immigration.'' (1971). 381 pp
* Beijbom, Ulf. ''Swedes in Chicago: A Demographic and Social Study of the 1846-1880 Immigration.'' (1971). 381 pp
* Betancur, John J. "The Settlement Experience of Latinos in Chicago: Segregation, Speculation, and the Ecology Model." ''Social Forces'' 1996 74(4): 1299-1324. Issn: 0037-7732 Fulltext: [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0037-7732(199606)74%3A4%3C1299%3ATSEOLI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L Jstor]
* Betancur, John J. "The Settlement Experience of Latinos in Chicago: Segregation, Speculation, and the Ecology Model." ''Social Forces'' 1996 74(4): 1299-1324. Issn: 0037-7732 Fulltext: [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0037-7732(199606)74%3A4%3C1299%3ATSEOLI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L Jstor]
* Erdmans, Mary Patrice. ''Opposite Poles: Immigrants and Ethnics in Polish Chicago, 1976-1990.'' (1998). 267 pp.
* Erdmans, Mary Patrice. ''Opposite Poles: Immigrants and Ethnics in Polish Chicago, 1976-1990.'' (1998). 267 pp.
* Fuerst, J. S. and Hunt, D. Bradford, eds. ''When Public Housing Was Paradise: Building Community in Chicago.'' (2003) 228 pp.
* Fuerst, J. S. and Hunt, D. Bradford, eds. ''When Public Housing Was Paradise: Building Community in Chicago.'' (2003) 228 pp.
* Green, Paul M., and Melvin G. Holli. ''Chicago, World War II'' (2003) [http://www.amazon.com/Chicago-World-War-Images-America/dp/0738532096/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198592033&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]
* Green, Paul M., and Melvin G. Holli. ''Chicago, World War II'' (2003) [https://www.amazon.com/Chicago-World-War-Images-America/dp/0738532096/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198592033&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]
* Greene, Victor. ''For God and Country: The Rise of Polish and Lithuanian Ethnic Consciousness in America, 1860-1910.'' (1975). 202 pp.
* Greene, Victor. ''For God and Country: The Rise of Polish and Lithuanian Ethnic Consciousness in America, 1860-1910.'' (1975). 202 pp.
* Guglielmo, Thomas A. ''White on Arrival: Italians, Race, Color, and Power in Chicago, 1890-1945.'' (2003). 296 pp. [http://www.questia.com/read/104280928 online edition]
* Guglielmo, Thomas A. ''White on Arrival: Italians, Race, Color, and Power in Chicago, 1890-1945.'' (2003). 296 pp. [http://www.questia.com/read/104280928 online edition]
* McCaffrey, Lawrence J.; Skerrett, Ellen; Funchion, Michael F.; and Fanning, Charles. ''The Irish in Chicago.'' (1987). 171 pp.
* McCaffrey, Lawrence J.; Skerrett, Ellen; Funchion, Michael F.; and Fanning, Charles. ''The Irish in Chicago.'' (1987). 171 pp.
* Nelli, Humbert S. ''The Italians in Chicago: A Study in Ethnic Mobility, 1880-1930.'' (1970). 300 pp.
* Nelli, Humbert S. ''The Italians in Chicago: A Study in Ethnic Mobility, 1880-1930.'' (1970). 300 pp.
* Pacyga, Dominic A. ''Polish Immigrants and Industrial Chicago: Workers on the South Side, 1880-1920.'' (1991). 322 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Polish-Immigrants-Industrial-Chicago-1880-1922/dp/0226644243/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198664960&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Pacyga, Dominic A. ''Polish Immigrants and Industrial Chicago: Workers on the South Side, 1880-1920.'' (1991). 322 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Polish-Immigrants-Industrial-Chicago-1880-1922/dp/0226644243/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198664960&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Padilla, Felix M. ''Puerto Rican Chicago.'' (1987). 277 pp.
* Padilla, Felix M. ''Puerto Rican Chicago.'' (1987). 277 pp.
* Parot, Joseph John. ''Polish Catholics in Chicago, 1850-1920: A Religious History.'' (1982) 298 pp.
* Parot, Joseph John. ''Polish Catholics in Chicago, 1850-1920: A Religious History.'' (1982) 298 pp.
* Shanabruch, Charles. ''Chicago's Catholics: The Evolution of an American Identity.'' (1981). 296 pp.
* Shanabruch, Charles. ''Chicago's Catholics: The Evolution of an American Identity.'' (1981). 296 pp.
* Shaw, Stephen J. ''The Catholic Parish as a Way-Station of Ethnicity and Americanization: Chicago's Germans and Italians, 1903-1939.''(1991). 206 pp.
* Shaw, Stephen J. ''The Catholic Parish as a Way-Station of Ethnicity and Americanization: Chicago's Germans and Italians, 1903-1939.''(1991). 206 pp.
* Swierenga, Robert P. ''Dutch Chicago: A History of the Hollanders in the Windy City.'' (2002). 825 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Dutch-Chicago-Hollanders-Historical-Reformed/dp/0802813119/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198592252&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search]
* Swierenga, Robert P. ''Dutch Chicago: A History of the Hollanders in the Windy City.'' (2002). 825 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Dutch-Chicago-Hollanders-Historical-Reformed/dp/0802813119/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198592252&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search]
* Tischauser, Leslie V. ''The Burden of Ethnicity: The German Question in Chicago, 1914-1941.'' (1990). 282 pp.
* Tischauser, Leslie V. ''The Burden of Ethnicity: The German Question in Chicago, 1914-1941.'' (1990). 282 pp.
* Tuttle, William M., Jr. ''Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919.'' (1970). 305 pp.
* Tuttle, William M., Jr. ''Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919.'' (1970). 305 pp.
====Reputation, images, visions, planning====
====Reputation, images, visions, planning====
* Fairfield, John D. ''The Mysteries of the Great City: The Politics of Urban Design, 1877-1937.'' (1993). 320 pp.
* Fairfield, John D. ''The Mysteries of the Great City: The Politics of Urban Design, 1877-1937.'' (1993). 320 pp.
* Flanagan, Maureen A. ''Seeing with Their Hearts: Chicago Women and the Vision of the Good City, 1871-1933.'' (2002). 319 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Seeing-Their-Hearts-Chicago-1871-1933/dp/0691095396/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610340&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Flanagan, Maureen A. ''Seeing with Their Hearts: Chicago Women and the Vision of the Good City, 1871-1933.'' (2002). 319 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Seeing-Their-Hearts-Chicago-1871-1933/dp/0691095396/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198610340&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Hines, Thomas S. ''Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner.'' (1974). 445 pp.
* Hines, Thomas S. ''Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner.'' (1974). 445 pp.
* Miller, Ross. ''American Apocalypse: The Great Fire and the Myth of Chicago.'' 1990. 287 pp.
* Miller, Ross. ''American Apocalypse: The Great Fire and the Myth of Chicago.'' 1990. 287 pp.