Changes

== Prophecy of WWII and Death ==

== Prophecy of WWII and Death ==

After writing his final complete work in 1883, ''The Antichrist, Curse on Christianity'',<ref name=stanford>Wicks, Robert (2011, April 29). "[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/ Friedrich Nietzsche]." ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.</ref> Nietzsche would go insane in 1889, exactly 50 years before the start of World War II,<ref>Burns, K. & Novick, L. (2007, September). "[http://www.pbs.org/thewar/at_war_timeline_1939.htm The War]." Florentine Films and WETA-TV. ''PBS''.</ref> during which he would prophetically predict a coming Hitlerian society and Nazi Germany. As H.L. Mencken puts it, "''Save for his raucous, rhapsodical autobiography, 'Ecce Homo,' 'The Antichrist' is the last thing that Nietzsche ever wrote, and so it may be accepted as a statement of some of his most salient ideas in their final form.''"<ref>Nietzsche, F.W. (1920). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=0ao8AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover The Antichrist]." ''Library of the University of Virginia''.</ref>

After writing his final complete work in 1883, ''The Antichrist, Curse on Christianity'',<ref name=stanford>Wicks, Robert (2011, April 29). "[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/ Friedrich Nietzsche]." ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.</ref> Nietzsche would go insane in 1889, exactly 50 years before the start of World War II,<ref>Burns, K. & Novick, L. (2007, September). "[https://www.pbs.org/thewar/at_war_timeline_1939.htm The War]." Florentine Films and WETA-TV. ''PBS''.</ref> during which he would prophetically predict a coming Hitlerian society and Nazi Germany. As H.L. Mencken puts it, "''Save for his raucous, rhapsodical autobiography, 'Ecce Homo,' 'The Antichrist' is the last thing that Nietzsche ever wrote, and so it may be accepted as a statement of some of his most salient ideas in their final form.''"<ref>Nietzsche, F.W. (1920). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=0ao8AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover The Antichrist]." ''Library of the University of Virginia''.</ref>

Nietzsche, early in January 1889, saw a coachman flogging a horse, and rushed towards it. Throwing his arms around the horse, Nietzsche collapsed in unconsciousness, and was carried home. In a fit of insanity, he mailed several letters before dying on August 25, 1900, from pneumonia.<ref>Kaufman, Walter (1954). "The Portable Nietzsche." p. 684. ''Penguin Books''.</ref> These letters included the following: {{cquote|"To my maestro Pietro. Sing me a new-song: the world is transfigured and all the heavens are full of joy. -The Crucified"

Nietzsche, early in January 1889, saw a coachman flogging a horse, and rushed towards it. Throwing his arms around the horse, Nietzsche collapsed in unconsciousness, and was carried home. In a fit of insanity, he mailed several letters before dying on August 25, 1900, from pneumonia.<ref>Kaufman, Walter (1954). "The Portable Nietzsche." p. 684. ''Penguin Books''.</ref> These letters included the following: {{cquote|"To my maestro Pietro. Sing me a new-song: the world is transfigured and all the heavens are full of joy. -The Crucified"

Currently, there is an ongoing debate on whether Friedrich Nietzsche's insanity  was caused purely through disease or whether his atheistic/[[nihilism|nihilistic]] philosophical outlook on life was the cause.<ref name="Nietzsche">Multiple references:

Currently, there is an ongoing debate on whether Friedrich Nietzsche's insanity  was caused purely through disease or whether his atheistic/[[nihilism|nihilistic]] philosophical outlook on life was the cause.<ref name="Nietzsche">Multiple references:

*Owen, C. M., et al. (September 2007).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17881977 "The madness of Dionysus: a neurosurgical perspective on Friedrich Nietzsche" [abstract&#93;]. ''Neurosurgery'', vol. 61:3, pp. 626-32.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on July 24, 2014.

*Owen, C. M., et al. (September 2007).  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17881977 "The madness of Dionysus: a neurosurgical perspective on Friedrich Nietzsche" [abstract&#93;]. ''Neurosurgery'', vol. 61:3, pp. 626-32.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on July 24, 2014.

*Brace, Robin A. (2006).  [http://www.ukapologetics.net/truthaboutnietzsche.html "Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): the 'God is dead' man died in a state of complete insanity—but Christianity lives on!"]  UK Apologetics.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.

*Brace, Robin A. (2006).  [http://www.ukapologetics.net/truthaboutnietzsche.html "Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): the 'God is dead' man died in a state of complete insanity—but Christianity lives on!"]  UK Apologetics.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.

*Hutchison, Fred (March 7, 2007).  [http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/hutchison/130704 "Liberalism and the two roads to nihilism: how liberalism can collapse into nihilism through materialism or false idealism"].  RenewAmerica.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.

*Hutchison, Fred (March 7, 2007).  [http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/hutchison/130704 "Liberalism and the two roads to nihilism: how liberalism can collapse into nihilism through materialism or false idealism"].  RenewAmerica.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.

*Orth, M. and Trimble, M. R. (December 2006).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17087793?dopt=Abstract "Friedrich Nietzsche's mental illness—general paralysis of the insane vs. frontotemporal dementia" [abstract&#93;].  ''Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica'', vol. 114:6, pp. 439-45.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on July 24, 2014.

*Orth, M. and Trimble, M. R. (December 2006).  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17087793?dopt=Abstract "Friedrich Nietzsche's mental illness—general paralysis of the insane vs. frontotemporal dementia" [abstract&#93;].  ''Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica'', vol. 114:6, pp. 439-45.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on July 24, 2014.

*Sax, Leonard (February 2003).  [http://www.leonardsax.com/Nietzsche.pdf "What was the cause of Nietzsche's dementia?"] ''Journal of Medical Biography'', vol. 11, pp. 47-54.  Retrieved from www.leonardsax.com on July 24, 2014.

*Sax, Leonard (February 2003).  [http://www.leonardsax.com/Nietzsche.pdf "What was the cause of Nietzsche's dementia?"] ''Journal of Medical Biography'', vol. 11, pp. 47-54.  Retrieved from www.leonardsax.com on July 24, 2014.

*Girard, René (March 1, 1988). [https://books.google.com/books?id=x4qDrNKVC5gC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Ren%C3%A9+Girard+nietzsche+and+madness&source=bl&ots=DQFLJpqjJd&sig=mXNq_6J6_qTciP2vW-FHojwBn20&hl=en&ei=hv99Sp0Y2YG2B8Ogsf4B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false "Chapter 4: Strategies of madness—Nietzsche, Wagner and Dostoevsky" [preview&#93;].  ''To Double Business Bound'' (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press), pp. 61-82+.  Preview retrieved from GoogleBooks on July 25, 2014.

*Girard, René (March 1, 1988). [https://books.google.com/books?id=x4qDrNKVC5gC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Ren%C3%A9+Girard+nietzsche+and+madness&source=bl&ots=DQFLJpqjJd&sig=mXNq_6J6_qTciP2vW-FHojwBn20&hl=en&ei=hv99Sp0Y2YG2B8Ogsf4B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false "Chapter 4: Strategies of madness—Nietzsche, Wagner and Dostoevsky" [preview&#93;].  ''To Double Business Bound'' (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press), pp. 61-82+.  Preview retrieved from GoogleBooks on July 25, 2014.

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung related that Nietzsche had contracted syphilis, which he died from, during a visit to a homosexual brothel in Genoa, Italy.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition, page 133.</ref><ref>Forgotten Fatherland: The Search for Elisabeth Nietzsche, Ben Macintyre, 1992.</ref>

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung related that Nietzsche had contracted syphilis, which he died from, during a visit to a homosexual brothel in Genoa, Italy.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition, page 133.</ref><ref>Forgotten Fatherland: The Search for Elisabeth Nietzsche, Ben Macintyre, 1992.</ref>

The Russian-born psychoanalyst and writer Lou Andreas-Salomé, who had a brief and tempestuous affair with Nietzsche, believed that Nietzsche's philosophy can be viewed as a reflection of his psychology and that his madness was the result of his philosophizing.<ref>http://www.amazon.com/Nietzsche-Lou-Salome/dp/0252070356</ref>  In addition, the French historian René Girard asserted that Nietzsche's philosophy led to his insanity.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=x4qDrNKVC5gC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Ren%C3%A9+Girard+nietzsche+and+madness&source=bl&ots=DQFLJpqjJd&sig=mXNq_6J6_qTciP2vW-FHojwBn20&hl=en&ei=hv99Sp0Y2YG2B8Ogsf4B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false</ref>

The Russian-born psychoanalyst and writer Lou Andreas-Salomé, who had a brief and tempestuous affair with Nietzsche, believed that Nietzsche's philosophy can be viewed as a reflection of his psychology and that his madness was the result of his philosophizing.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Nietzsche-Lou-Salome/dp/0252070356</ref>  In addition, the French historian René Girard asserted that Nietzsche's philosophy led to his insanity.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=x4qDrNKVC5gC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Ren%C3%A9+Girard+nietzsche+and+madness&source=bl&ots=DQFLJpqjJd&sig=mXNq_6J6_qTciP2vW-FHojwBn20&hl=en&ei=hv99Sp0Y2YG2B8Ogsf4B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false</ref>

== Philosophy ==

== Philosophy ==

=== Influence on Freud ===

=== Influence on Freud ===

Nietzsche wrote his books from one to three decades before [[Sigmund Freud]] wrote his, and published his first book the same year that Mietzsche died (1900).  Although Sigmund Freud said that he had never read Nietzsche's works, this statement is contradicted by Freud paraphrasing and quoting Nietzsche in private conversations and in his own personal journals.  The similarities are: the concept of the unconscious mind, the idea that the individual becomes more comfortable and effective when he pushes unacceptable thoughts and memories into his unconscious mind, the idea that repressed emotions and instincts are expressed in disguise, dreams are symbolic and a cathartic process which has health benefits,the suggestion that hostile, unconscious feelings are projected on others, who are then seen as the perpetrators, is the basis of paranoid thinking, the acknowledgment of a repetition compulsion (for Nietzsche, eternal reoccurrence) <ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7728371</ref><ref>http://www.psychologytoday.com/files/attachments/58144/the-birth-psychoanalysis.pdf</ref>

Nietzsche wrote his books from one to three decades before [[Sigmund Freud]] wrote his, and published his first book the same year that Mietzsche died (1900).  Although Sigmund Freud said that he had never read Nietzsche's works, this statement is contradicted by Freud paraphrasing and quoting Nietzsche in private conversations and in his own personal journals.  The similarities are: the concept of the unconscious mind, the idea that the individual becomes more comfortable and effective when he pushes unacceptable thoughts and memories into his unconscious mind, the idea that repressed emotions and instincts are expressed in disguise, dreams are symbolic and a cathartic process which has health benefits,the suggestion that hostile, unconscious feelings are projected on others, who are then seen as the perpetrators, is the basis of paranoid thinking, the acknowledgment of a repetition compulsion (for Nietzsche, eternal reoccurrence) <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7728371</ref><ref>http://www.psychologytoday.com/files/attachments/58144/the-birth-psychoanalysis.pdf</ref>

===Influence on the American Library Association===

===Influence on the American Library Association===

*[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=816224 "The Case for Nietzschean Moral Psychology"]

*[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=816224 "The Case for Nietzschean Moral Psychology"]

*[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est_en.html#_ftnref1 ''Deus Caritas Est'', from the Vatican website]

*[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est_en.html#_ftnref1 ''Deus Caritas Est'', from the Vatican website]

*[http://www.amazon.com/Introducing-Nietzsche-Third-Introducing-Laurence/dp/1840466278/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1/103-5268663-4749443?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1179639544&sr=1-1 Introducing Nietzsche, Third Edition by Laurence Gane]  

*[https://www.amazon.com/Introducing-Nietzsche-Third-Introducing-Laurence/dp/1840466278/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1/103-5268663-4749443?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1179639544&sr=1-1 Introducing Nietzsche, Third Edition by Laurence Gane]  

*http://www.goodreads.com/search?page=3&q=Nietzsche&search%5Bcountry%5D=&search%5Bpage%5D=2&search%5Bper_page%5D=20&search%5Bquery%5D=Nietzsche&search%5Bsearch_type%5D=quotes&search%5Bsort%5D=&search%5Bsource%5D=goodreads&search_type=quotes&tab=quotes

*http://www.goodreads.com/search?page=3&q=Nietzsche&search%5Bcountry%5D=&search%5Bpage%5D=2&search%5Bper_page%5D=20&search%5Bquery%5D=Nietzsche&search%5Bsearch_type%5D=quotes&search%5Bsort%5D=&search%5Bsource%5D=goodreads&search_type=quotes&tab=quotes

*http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Creator/FriedrichNietzsche

*http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Creator/FriedrichNietzsche

*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7728371

*https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7728371

*[https://librivox.org/author/411 Works by Friedrich Nietzsche - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]

*[https://librivox.org/author/411 Works by Friedrich Nietzsche - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]