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==Entry into politics==
==Entry into politics==
Cleveland, a Democrat active in local affairs, in 1863 was appointed assistant district attorney of Erie County, N.Y., which included the city of Buffalo. In 1865 he lost the election for District Attorney and became a partner in a private law practice, earning an about $10,000 a year (triple the average for lawyers). In 1871 he was elected Erie County sheriff and established a reputation as an honest and capable public official. During his time as sheriff he earned the nickname "Buffalo Hangman",<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertszczerba/2015/02/16/which-u-s-president-also-served-as-an-executioner/#6b8b3ca94c42 Which U.S. President Also Served As An Executioner?], [[Forbes]]</ref> since his job included executions. Among the more well known hangings were Patrick Morrissey and John Gaffney.<ref>[http://www.buffalonian.com/history/articles/1851-1900/gaffneyhanging/gaffneyhanging.html THE EXECUTION OF JOHN GAFFNEY AT BUFFALO, NY 1873]</ref><ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9500E3DC113AE633A25754C0A9619C946396D6CF When Grover Cleveland Acted as Hangman], [[The New York Times]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3TZPAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA288 New Outlook, Volume 129]</ref>
Cleveland, a Democrat active in local affairs, in 1863 was appointed assistant district attorney of Erie County, N.Y., which included the city of Buffalo. In 1865 he lost the election for District Attorney and became a partner in a private law practice, earning an about $10,000 a year (triple the average for lawyers). In 1871 he was elected Erie County sheriff and established a reputation as an honest and capable public official. During his time as sheriff he earned the nickname "Buffalo Hangman",<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertszczerba/2015/02/16/which-u-s-president-also-served-as-an-executioner/#6b8b3ca94c42 Which U.S. President Also Served As An Executioner?], [[Forbes]]</ref> since his job included executions. Among the more well known hangings were Patrick Morrissey and John Gaffney.<ref>[http://www.buffalonian.com/history/articles/1851-1900/gaffneyhanging/gaffneyhanging.html THE EXECUTION OF JOHN GAFFNEY AT BUFFALO, NY 1873]</ref><ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9500E3DC113AE633A25754C0A9619C946396D6CF When Grover Cleveland Acted as Hangman], [[The New York Times]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3TZPAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA288 New Outlook, Volume 129]</ref>
In 1881, as the reform candidate for mayor of Buffalo, Cleveland was easily elected. He instituted numerous reforms, emphasizing efficiency and economy in his administration. Friends called him the "veto mayor" because of his repeated use of the veto power to slow the spending by the city council.
In 1881, as the reform candidate for mayor of Buffalo, Cleveland was easily elected. He instituted numerous reforms, emphasizing efficiency and economy in his administration. Friends called him the "veto mayor" because of his repeated use of the veto power to slow the spending by the city council.
===Texas seed bill===
===Texas seed bill===
In 1887, a severe drought was affecting the southern half of the United States, with Texas in particular being hardest hit. In response, Congress put together a relief bill for the farmers affected by the drought, with roughly $10,000 going for the purchase of seeds. When the bill got to his desk, Cleveland vetoed it.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/article/216932/grover-cared-lawrence-w-reed Grover Cared], [[National Review]]</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.org/publications/article.asp?id=1329 Why Grover Cleveland Vetoed the Texas Seed Bill]</ref><ref>[http://www.fff.org/2012/08/01/socialism-for-texas-farmers/ Socialism for Texas Farmers]</ref>
In 1887, a severe drought was affecting the southern half of the United States, with Texas in particular being hardest hit. In response, Congress put together a relief bill for the farmers affected by the drought, with roughly $10,000 going for the purchase of seeds. When the bill got to his desk, Cleveland vetoed it.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/216932/grover-cared-lawrence-w-reed Grover Cared], [[National Review]]</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.org/publications/article.asp?id=1329 Why Grover Cleveland Vetoed the Texas Seed Bill]</ref><ref>[http://www.fff.org/2012/08/01/socialism-for-texas-farmers/ Socialism for Texas Farmers]</ref>
In his veto message, Cleveland explained his reasoning:
In his veto message, Cleveland explained his reasoning:
===Biographies===
===Biographies===
* Blodgett, Geoffrey. "The Emergence of Grover Cleveland: a Fresh Appraisal" ''New York History'' 1992 73(2): 132-168. ISSN 0146-437X covers Cleveland to 1884
* Blodgett, Geoffrey. "The Emergence of Grover Cleveland: a Fresh Appraisal" ''New York History'' 1992 73(2): 132-168. ISSN 0146-437X covers Cleveland to 1884
* Brodsky, Alyn. ''Grover Cleveland: A Study in Character'' (2000) - 496 pages; popular biography [http://www.amazon.com/Grover-Cleveland-Character-Alyn-Brodsky/dp/0312268831/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1220569775&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Brodsky, Alyn. ''Grover Cleveland: A Study in Character'' (2000) - 496 pages; popular biography [https://www.amazon.com/Grover-Cleveland-Character-Alyn-Brodsky/dp/0312268831/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1220569775&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* DeSantis, Vincent P. "Grover Cleveland: Another Look." ''Hayes Historical Journal'' 1980 3(1-2): 41-50. Issn: 0364-5924, argues his energy, honesty, and devotion to duty - much more than his actual accomplishments established his claim to greatness.
* DeSantis, Vincent P. "Grover Cleveland: Another Look." ''Hayes Historical Journal'' 1980 3(1-2): 41-50. Issn: 0364-5924, argues his energy, honesty, and devotion to duty - much more than his actual accomplishments established his claim to greatness.
* DeSantis, Vincent P. "Grover Cleveland," in William C. Spragens, ed. ''Popular Images of American Presidents'' (1988), ch 6 pp 131–46 [https://books.google.com/books?id=vFXHb58t340C&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=%22term+with+the+economy+panic+riddled%22&source=web&ots=JGhYGjrz2A&sig=52zcYMczc1jT8tNiYEqYW4IceF4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA131,M1 online edition], highly favorable summary by leading historian
* DeSantis, Vincent P. "Grover Cleveland," in William C. Spragens, ed. ''Popular Images of American Presidents'' (1988), ch 6 pp 131–46 [https://books.google.com/books?id=vFXHb58t340C&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=%22term+with+the+economy+panic+riddled%22&source=web&ots=JGhYGjrz2A&sig=52zcYMczc1jT8tNiYEqYW4IceF4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA131,M1 online edition], highly favorable summary by leading historian
* Jeffers, H. Paul. ''An Honest President: The Life and Presidencies of Grover Cleveland.'' 2000. 385 pp. popular, focused on personality
* Jeffers, H. Paul. ''An Honest President: The Life and Presidencies of Grover Cleveland.'' 2000. 385 pp. popular, focused on personality
* McElroy, Robert. ''Grover Cleveland, the Man and the Statesman: An Authorized Biography'' (1923) old, but useful [http://www.questia.com/read/813825?title=Grover%20Cleveland%2c%20the%20Man%20and%20the%20Statesman%3a%20An%20Authorized%20Biography%20-%20Vol.%201 online edition v 1]; [http://www.questia.com/read/25975582?title=Grover%20Cleveland%2c%20the%20Man%20and%20the%20Statesman%3a%20An%20Authorized%20Biography%20-%20Vol.%202 online edition vole 2]
* McElroy, Robert. ''Grover Cleveland, the Man and the Statesman: An Authorized Biography'' (1923) old, but useful [http://www.questia.com/read/813825?title=Grover%20Cleveland%2c%20the%20Man%20and%20the%20Statesman%3a%20An%20Authorized%20Biography%20-%20Vol.%201 online edition v 1]; [http://www.questia.com/read/25975582?title=Grover%20Cleveland%2c%20the%20Man%20and%20the%20Statesman%3a%20An%20Authorized%20Biography%20-%20Vol.%202 online edition vole 2]
* Markel, Rita J. ''Grover Cleveland'' (2006) 112pp; pre-high-school level [http://www.amazon.com/Grover-Cleveland-Presidential-Leaders-Markel/dp/082251494X/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1220569775&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]
* Markel, Rita J. ''Grover Cleveland'' (2006) 112pp; pre-high-school level [https://www.amazon.com/Grover-Cleveland-Presidential-Leaders-Markel/dp/082251494X/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1220569775&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]
* Merrill, Horace Samuel. ''Grover Cleveland and the Democratic Party'' (1957), short hostile biography by liberal scholar; generally hostile [http://www.questia.com/read/474332?title=Bourbon%20Leader%3a%20Grover%20Cleveland%20and%20the%20Democratic%20Party online edition]
* Merrill, Horace Samuel. ''Grover Cleveland and the Democratic Party'' (1957), short hostile biography by liberal scholar; generally hostile [http://www.questia.com/read/474332?title=Bourbon%20Leader%3a%20Grover%20Cleveland%20and%20the%20Democratic%20Party online edition]
* Nevins, Allan. ''Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage'' (1932) Pulitzer Prize biography; very well written and thorough
* Nevins, Allan. ''Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage'' (1932) Pulitzer Prize biography; very well written and thorough