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History of China (view source)

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Traditional history begins with Pangu, the first living being. When Pangu died, his left eye became the Sun. Various parts of his body became different parts of the Earth. There followed a succession of Three Sovereigns, or demigod rulers. The first and best known of these was Fuxi (2852–2737 BC). Fuxi and his sister Nüwa survived a worldwide flood by retreating to the Kunlun Mountains. After the Three Sovereigns, China was ruled by the Five Emperors. The Yellow Emperor (r. 2698–2598 BC) is given credit for numerous inventions and is considered the founder of Chinese civilization.
 
Traditional history begins with Pangu, the first living being. When Pangu died, his left eye became the Sun. Various parts of his body became different parts of the Earth. There followed a succession of Three Sovereigns, or demigod rulers. The first and best known of these was Fuxi (2852–2737 BC). Fuxi and his sister Nüwa survived a worldwide flood by retreating to the Kunlun Mountains. After the Three Sovereigns, China was ruled by the Five Emperors. The Yellow Emperor (r. 2698–2598 BC) is given credit for numerous inventions and is considered the founder of Chinese civilization.
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During the reign of Emperor Yao (2356 - 2255 BC), a great and terrible flood began.<ref>The Biblical flood may be dated as 2304 BC.("[http://creation.com/the-date-of-noahs-flood The Date of Noah’s Flood]" by Dr John Osgood)</ref> The waters overtopped hills and mountains, threatening heaven itself. Yao appointed Gun to control the food. To build dikes, Gun stole soil that expanded magically from the Supreme Deity. This angered the Supreme Deity, and the flood raged on. Yao consulted the Four Mountains, who advised him to appoint Shun as his successor. Shun (r. 2255 – 2195 BC) was only a distant relative of Yao, but he was known throughout the kingdom as a dutiful son. Shun's father had repeatedly tried to murder him, so being a dutiful son was not as easy as it might sound. Shun was later singled out by [[Confucius]] as an example of outstanding filial piety. Yet he too proved helpless before the flood. Shun's successor, Yu the Great (c. 2200 - 2100 BC), was finally able to control the raging waters by building embankments made of non-magical soil. Yu's son succeeded him, making Yu the founder of the legendary [[Xia dynasty]] (2070 – c. 1600 BC).
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During the reign of Emperor Yao (2356 - 2255 BC), a great and terrible flood began.<ref>The Biblical flood may be dated as 2304 BC.("[https://creation.com/the-date-of-noahs-flood The Date of Noah’s Flood]" by Dr John Osgood)</ref> The waters overtopped hills and mountains, threatening heaven itself. Yao appointed Gun to control the food. To build dikes, Gun stole soil that expanded magically from the Supreme Deity. This angered the Supreme Deity, and the flood raged on. Yao consulted the Four Mountains, who advised him to appoint Shun as his successor. Shun (r. 2255 – 2195 BC) was only a distant relative of Yao, but he was known throughout the kingdom as a dutiful son. Shun's father had repeatedly tried to murder him, so being a dutiful son was not as easy as it might sound. Shun was later singled out by [[Confucius]] as an example of outstanding filial piety. Yet he too proved helpless before the flood. Shun's successor, Yu the Great (c. 2200 - 2100 BC), was finally able to control the raging waters by building embankments made of non-magical soil. Yu's son succeeded him, making Yu the founder of the legendary [[Xia dynasty]] (2070 – c. 1600 BC).
    
===Archaeological===
 
===Archaeological===
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====The Long March: 1934-36 ====
 
====The Long March: 1934-36 ====
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In 1934-35, the CCP fled the KMT with over 100,000 men and women.They divided into several armies, marched 6,000 miles inland through a brutal terrain of frigid mountain passes, freezing rivers and marshes in search of a sanctuary to continue their revolution. Only 7000 survived the march.<ref>John M. Glionna, "China's reality check on Long March," [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-longmarch16jan16,0,3463382.story?coll=la-home-center ''Los Angeles Times, Jan. 16, 2008]</ref>
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In 1934-35, the CCP fled the KMT with over 100,000 men and women.They divided into several armies, marched 6,000 miles inland through a brutal terrain of frigid mountain passes, freezing rivers and marshes in search of a sanctuary to continue their revolution. Only 7000 survived the march.<ref>John M. Glionna, "China's reality check on Long March," [https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-longmarch16jan16,0,3463382.story?coll=la-home-center ''Los Angeles Times, Jan. 16, 2008]</ref>
    
The Long March became the heroic memory of the CCP, and virtually all the Communist leaders of the next 70 years were marchers or their children.<ref>Sun Shuyun, ''The Long March: The True History of Communist China's Founding Myth'' (2007)</ref>
 
The Long March became the heroic memory of the CCP, and virtually all the Communist leaders of the next 70 years were marchers or their children.<ref>Sun Shuyun, ''The Long March: The True History of Communist China's Founding Myth'' (2007)</ref>
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*Eberharad, Wolfram. ''A History of China'' (2005), 380 pages' [https://books.google.com/books?id=5LgjunIn1CEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:history+intitle:china&num=30&as_brr=1&sig=k1CgHXYb6jQ6BgdwVpUWngov7So full text online free]  
 
*Eberharad, Wolfram. ''A History of China'' (2005), 380 pages' [https://books.google.com/books?id=5LgjunIn1CEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:history+intitle:china&num=30&as_brr=1&sig=k1CgHXYb6jQ6BgdwVpUWngov7So full text online free]  
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*  Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, and Kwang-ching Liu. ''The Cambridge Illustrated History of China'' (1999) 352 pages [http://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Illustrated-History-China-Histories/dp/052166991X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346890&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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*  Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, and Kwang-ching Liu. ''The Cambridge Illustrated History of China'' (1999) 352 pages [https://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Illustrated-History-China-Histories/dp/052166991X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346890&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Fairbank, John King and Goldman, Merle.  ''China: A New History.'' (2nd ed. 2006). 640 pp.  [http://www.amazon.com/China-New-History-Second-Enlarged/dp/0674018281/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346975&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Fairbank, John King and Goldman, Merle.  ''China: A New History.'' (2nd ed. 2006). 640 pp.  [https://www.amazon.com/China-New-History-Second-Enlarged/dp/0674018281/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346975&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Gernet, Jacques, J. R. Foster, and Charles Hartman. ''A History of Chinese Civilization'' (1996), called the best one-volume survey; [http://www.amazon.com/History-Chinese-Civilization-Jacques-Gernet/dp/0521497817/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197220627&sr=1-11 excerpt and text search]
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* Gernet, Jacques, J. R. Foster, and Charles Hartman. ''A History of Chinese Civilization'' (1996), called the best one-volume survey; [https://www.amazon.com/History-Chinese-Civilization-Jacques-Gernet/dp/0521497817/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197220627&sr=1-11 excerpt and text search]
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* Hsü, Immanuel Chung-yueh. ''The Rise of Modern China,'' (6th ed. 1999), highly detailed coverage of 1644-1999, in 1136pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Rise-Modern-China-Immanuel-Hsu/dp/0195125045/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197238178&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Hsü, Immanuel Chung-yueh. ''The Rise of Modern China,'' (6th ed. 1999), highly detailed coverage of 1644-1999, in 1136pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Rise-Modern-China-Immanuel-Hsu/dp/0195125045/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197238178&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
 
*  [[Kenneth Scott Latourette|Latourette, Kenneth Scott]]. ''The Development of China'' (1917) 273 pages; [https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIPAAAAYAAJ&dq=inauthor:latourette&num=30&as_brr=1  full text online], by a leading Christian scholar  
 
*  [[Kenneth Scott Latourette|Latourette, Kenneth Scott]]. ''The Development of China'' (1917) 273 pages; [https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIPAAAAYAAJ&dq=inauthor:latourette&num=30&as_brr=1  full text online], by a leading Christian scholar  
 
* Michael, Franz. ''China through the Ages: History of a Civilization.'' (1986). 278pp;  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/china-through-the-ages-history-of-a-civilization-by-franz-michael.jsp online edition  from Questia]
 
* Michael, Franz. ''China through the Ages: History of a Civilization.'' (1986). 278pp;  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/china-through-the-ages-history-of-a-civilization-by-franz-michael.jsp online edition  from Questia]
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* Perkins, Dorothy.  ''Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture.'' (1999). 662 pp.  [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-China-Essential-Reference-History/dp/0816043744/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346428&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Perkins, Dorothy.  ''Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture.'' (1999). 662 pp.  [https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-China-Essential-Reference-History/dp/0816043744/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346428&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
 
* Roberts, J. A. G.  ''A Concise History of China.'' (1999). 341 pp.   
 
* Roberts, J. A. G.  ''A Concise History of China.'' (1999). 341 pp.   
 
* Schoppa, R. Keith.  ''The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History.'' (2000). 356 pp.  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-columbia-guide-to-modern-chinese-history-by-r-keith-schoppa.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Schoppa, R. Keith.  ''The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History.'' (2000). 356 pp.  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-columbia-guide-to-modern-chinese-history-by-r-keith-schoppa.jsp online edition from Questia]
−
* Spence, Jonathan D. ''The Search for Modern China'' (1991), 876pp; well written survey from 1644 to 1980s [http://www.amazon.com/Search-Modern-China-Jonathan-Spence/dp/0393307808/ref=pd_sim_b_title_2 excerpt and text search]; [http://www.questia.com/read/98946348 complete edition online at Questia]
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* Spence, Jonathan D. ''The Search for Modern China'' (1991), 876pp; well written survey from 1644 to 1980s [https://www.amazon.com/Search-Modern-China-Jonathan-Spence/dp/0393307808/ref=pd_sim_b_title_2 excerpt and text search]; [http://www.questia.com/read/98946348 complete edition online at Questia]
 
* Wang, Ke-wen, ed.  ''Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism.'' (1998). 442 pp.   
 
* Wang, Ke-wen, ed.  ''Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism.'' (1998). 442 pp.   
 
* Wright, David Curtis. ''History of China'' (2001) 257pp; [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-history-of-china-by-david-curtis-wright-john-e-findling-frank-w-thackeray.jsp online edition]
 
* Wright, David Curtis. ''History of China'' (2001) 257pp; [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-history-of-china-by-david-curtis-wright-john-e-findling-frank-w-thackeray.jsp online edition]
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===surveys===
 
===surveys===
 
*  Eberharad, Wolfram. ''A History of China'' (2005), 380 pages' [https://books.google.com/books?id=5LgjunIn1CEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:history+intitle:china&num=30&as_brr=1&sig=k1CgHXYb6jQ6BgdwVpUWngov7So full text online free]  
 
*  Eberharad, Wolfram. ''A History of China'' (2005), 380 pages' [https://books.google.com/books?id=5LgjunIn1CEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:history+intitle:china&num=30&as_brr=1&sig=k1CgHXYb6jQ6BgdwVpUWngov7So full text online free]  
−
*  Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, and Kwang-ching Liu. ''The Cambridge Illustrated History of China'' (1999) 352 pages [http://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Illustrated-History-China-Histories/dp/052166991X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346890&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
+
*  Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, and Kwang-ching Liu. ''The Cambridge Illustrated History of China'' (1999) 352 pages [https://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Illustrated-History-China-Histories/dp/052166991X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346890&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Fairbank, John King and Goldman, Merle.  ''China: A New History.'' 2nd ed. Harvard U. Press, (2006). 640 pp.  [http://www.amazon.com/China-New-History-Second-Enlarged/dp/0674018281/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346975&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Fairbank, John King and Goldman, Merle.  ''China: A New History.'' 2nd ed. Harvard U. Press, (2006). 640 pp.  [https://www.amazon.com/China-New-History-Second-Enlarged/dp/0674018281/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346975&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
−
* Gernet, Jacques, J. R. Foster, and Charles Hartman. ''A History of Chinese Civilization'' (1996), called the best one-volume survey; [http://www.amazon.com/History-Chinese-Civilization-Jacques-Gernet/dp/0521497817/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197220627&sr=1-11 excerpt and text search]
+
* Gernet, Jacques, J. R. Foster, and Charles Hartman. ''A History of Chinese Civilization'' (1996), called the best one-volume survey; [https://www.amazon.com/History-Chinese-Civilization-Jacques-Gernet/dp/0521497817/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197220627&sr=1-11 excerpt and text search]
−
* Hsü, Immanuel Chung-yueh. ''The Rise of Modern China,'' 6th ed. (Oxford University Press, 1999), highly detailed coverage of 1644-1999, in 1136pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Rise-Modern-China-Immanuel-Hsu/dp/0195125045/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197238178&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
+
* Hsü, Immanuel Chung-yueh. ''The Rise of Modern China,'' 6th ed. (Oxford University Press, 1999), highly detailed coverage of 1644-1999, in 1136pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Rise-Modern-China-Immanuel-Hsu/dp/0195125045/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197238178&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
 
* Huang, Ray. ''China, a Macro History'' (1997) 335pp, an idiosyncratic approach, not for beginners; [http://www.questia.com/library/book/china-a-macro-history-by-ray-huang.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Huang, Ray. ''China, a Macro History'' (1997) 335pp, an idiosyncratic approach, not for beginners; [http://www.questia.com/library/book/china-a-macro-history-by-ray-huang.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
*  Latourette, Kenneth Scott. ''The Development of China'' (1917) 273 pages; [https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIPAAAAYAAJ&dq=inauthor:latourette&num=30&as_brr=1  full text online]  
 
*  Latourette, Kenneth Scott. ''The Development of China'' (1917) 273 pages; [https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIPAAAAYAAJ&dq=inauthor:latourette&num=30&as_brr=1  full text online]  
 
* Michael, Franz. ''China through the Ages: History of a Civilization.'' (1986). 278pp;  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/china-through-the-ages-history-of-a-civilization-by-franz-michael.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Michael, Franz. ''China through the Ages: History of a Civilization.'' (1986). 278pp;  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/china-through-the-ages-history-of-a-civilization-by-franz-michael.jsp online edition from Questia]
−
* Mote, Frederick W. ''Imperial China, 900–1800'' Harvard University Press, 1999, 1,136 pages, the authoritative treatment of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties; [http://www.amazon.com/Imperial-China-900-1800-F-Mote/dp/0674012127/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197237736&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Mote, Frederick W. ''Imperial China, 900–1800'' Harvard University Press, 1999, 1,136 pages, the authoritative treatment of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties; [https://www.amazon.com/Imperial-China-900-1800-F-Mote/dp/0674012127/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197237736&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Perkins, Dorothy.  ''Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture.'' Facts on File, 1999. 662 pp.  [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-China-Essential-Reference-History/dp/0816043744/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346428&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Perkins, Dorothy.  ''Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture.'' Facts on File, 1999. 662 pp.  [https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-China-Essential-Reference-History/dp/0816043744/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346428&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
 
* Roberts, J. A. G.  ''A Concise History of China.'' Harvard U. Press, 1999. 341 pp.   
 
* Roberts, J. A. G.  ''A Concise History of China.'' Harvard U. Press, 1999. 341 pp.   
 
* Schoppa, R. Keith.  ''The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History.'' Columbia U. Press, 2000. 356 pp.  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-columbia-guide-to-modern-chinese-history-by-r-keith-schoppa.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Schoppa, R. Keith.  ''The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History.'' Columbia U. Press, 2000. 356 pp.  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-columbia-guide-to-modern-chinese-history-by-r-keith-schoppa.jsp online edition from Questia]
−
* Spence, Jonathan D. ''The Search for Modern China'' (1991), 876pp; well written survey from 1644 to 1980s [http://www.amazon.com/Search-Modern-China-Jonathan-Spence/dp/0393307808/ref=pd_sim_b_title_2 excerpt and text search];  [http://www.questia.com/read/98946348 complete edition online at Questia]
+
* Spence, Jonathan D. ''The Search for Modern China'' (1991), 876pp; well written survey from 1644 to 1980s [https://www.amazon.com/Search-Modern-China-Jonathan-Spence/dp/0393307808/ref=pd_sim_b_title_2 excerpt and text search];  [http://www.questia.com/read/98946348 complete edition online at Questia]
 
*  Ven, Hans van de, ed.  ''Warfare in Chinese History.'' E. J. Brill, 2000. 456 pp.  [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109282565 online edition]
 
*  Ven, Hans van de, ed.  ''Warfare in Chinese History.'' E. J. Brill, 2000. 456 pp.  [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109282565 online edition]
 
* Wang, Ke-wen, ed.  ''Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism.'' Garland, 1998. 442 pp.   
 
* Wang, Ke-wen, ed.  ''Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism.'' Garland, 1998. 442 pp.   
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* Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. ''Women and the Family in Chinese History'' (2002) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/women-and-the-family-in-chinese-history-by-patricia-buckley-ebrey.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. ''Women and the Family in Chinese History'' (2002) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/women-and-the-family-in-chinese-history-by-patricia-buckley-ebrey.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Fung, Yu-lan. ''A History of Chinese Philosophy,'' (2d ed. 2 vol., University Press, 1963)
 
* Fung, Yu-lan. ''A History of Chinese Philosophy,'' (2d ed. 2 vol., University Press, 1963)
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* Goldman, Merle and Lee, Leo Ou-fan, ed.  ''An Intellectual History of Modern China.'' Cambridge U. Press, 2002. 607 pp.  [http://www.amazon.com/Intellectual-History-Modern-China/dp/0521797101/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196913935&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Goldman, Merle and Lee, Leo Ou-fan, ed.  ''An Intellectual History of Modern China.'' Cambridge U. Press, 2002. 607 pp.  [https://www.amazon.com/Intellectual-History-Modern-China/dp/0521797101/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196913935&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
 
* Mair, Victor H., ed.  ''The Columbia History of Chinese Literature.'' Columbia U. Press, 2001. 800 pp. [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-columbia-history-of-chinese-literature-by-victor-h-mair.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Mair, Victor H., ed.  ''The Columbia History of Chinese Literature.'' Columbia U. Press, 2001. 800 pp. [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-columbia-history-of-chinese-literature-by-victor-h-mair.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Mote, Frederick W. ''Intellectual Foundations of China,'' (2d ed. 1989)
 
* Mote, Frederick W. ''Intellectual Foundations of China,'' (2d ed. 1989)
 
* Needham, Joseph; Robinson, Kenneth Girdwood; and Huang, Ray.  ''Science and Civilisation in China: V. 7, Part 2: General Conclusions and Reflections.'' (2004). 283 pp.  the last volume of a monumental series
 
* Needham, Joseph; Robinson, Kenneth Girdwood; and Huang, Ray.  ''Science and Civilisation in China: V. 7, Part 2: General Conclusions and Reflections.'' (2004). 283 pp.  the last volume of a monumental series
 
* Schwartz, Benjamin. ''The World of Thought in Ancient China'' (1985)
 
* Schwartz, Benjamin. ''The World of Thought in Ancient China'' (1985)
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* Spence, Jonathan D. ''The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution'' (1982), 560pp'  intellectual history of politics, 1895-1930s [http://www.amazon.com/Gate-Heavenly-Peace-Chinese-Revolution/dp/0140062793/ref=pd_bbs_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197244812&sr=8-8 excerpt and text search]
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* Spence, Jonathan D. ''The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution'' (1982), 560pp'  intellectual history of politics, 1895-1930s [https://www.amazon.com/Gate-Heavenly-Peace-Chinese-Revolution/dp/0140062793/ref=pd_bbs_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197244812&sr=8-8 excerpt and text search]
 
* Temple, Robert, and Joseph Needham. ''The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention,'' (2007), summarizes Needham's massive multivolume history  
 
* Temple, Robert, and Joseph Needham. ''The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention,'' (2007), summarizes Needham's massive multivolume history  
 
* Watson, William.  ''The Arts of China, 900-1620.'' (2000). 304 pp.   
 
* Watson, William.  ''The Arts of China, 900-1620.'' (2000). 304 pp.   
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* Watson, William.  ''The Arts of China to A.D. 900'' 2000. [http://www.amazon.com/Arts-China-D-900/dp/0300082843/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346730&sr=8-10 excerpt and text search]
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* Watson, William.  ''The Arts of China to A.D. 900'' 2000. [https://www.amazon.com/Arts-China-D-900/dp/0300082843/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346730&sr=8-10 excerpt and text search]
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* Xinian, Fu, Guo Daiheng, Liu Xujie, and Pan Guxi. ''Chinese Architecture'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Chinese-Architecture-Fu-Xinian/dp/0300095597/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197224144&sr=1-6 excerpt and text search]  
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* Xinian, Fu, Guo Daiheng, Liu Xujie, and Pan Guxi. ''Chinese Architecture'' (2002) [https://www.amazon.com/Chinese-Architecture-Fu-Xinian/dp/0300095597/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197224144&sr=1-6 excerpt and text search]  
 
* Xu, Guoqi, and William C. Kirby. ''Olympic Dreams: China and Sports, 1895-2008'' (2008)
 
* Xu, Guoqi, and William C. Kirby. ''Olympic Dreams: China and Sports, 1895-2008'' (2008)
 
===Religion===
 
===Religion===
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* Charbonnier, Jean, David Notley, and M. N. L. Couve de Murville. ''Christians in China: A.D. 600 to 2000'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Christians-China-d-600-2000/dp/0898709164/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346428&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
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* Charbonnier, Jean, David Notley, and M. N. L. Couve de Murville. ''Christians in China: A.D. 600 to 2000'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Christians-China-d-600-2000/dp/0898709164/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346428&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
 
* Seiwert, Hubert.  ''Popular Religious Movements and Heterodox Sects in Chinese History.'' Brill, 2003. 548 pp.   
 
* Seiwert, Hubert.  ''Popular Religious Movements and Heterodox Sects in Chinese History.'' Brill, 2003. 548 pp.   
 
   
 
   
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*  Braester, Yomi. ''Witness against History: Literature, Film, and Public Discourse in Twentieth-Century China.'' Stanford U. Press, 2003. 264 pp.   
 
*  Braester, Yomi. ''Witness against History: Literature, Film, and Public Discourse in Twentieth-Century China.'' Stanford U. Press, 2003. 264 pp.   
 
* Crossley, Pamela Kyle. ''A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology'' (2002) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft7n39p1f5/?&query=Ming&brand=ucpress complete text online free]  
 
* Crossley, Pamela Kyle. ''A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology'' (2002) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft7n39p1f5/?&query=Ming&brand=ucpress complete text online free]  
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* Duara, Prasenjit. ''Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China.'' U. of Chicago Press, 1995. 275 pp.  [http://www.amazon.com/Rescuing-History-Nation-Questioning-Narratives/dp/0226167224/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196914090&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Duara, Prasenjit. ''Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China.'' U. of Chicago Press, 1995. 275 pp.  [https://www.amazon.com/Rescuing-History-Nation-Questioning-Narratives/dp/0226167224/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196914090&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
 
* Huang, Ray. ''Broadening the Horizons of Chinese History: Discourses, Syntheses and Comparisons.'' M. E. Sharpe, 1999. 274 pp.  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/broadening-the-horizons-of-chinese-history-discourses-syntheses-and-comparisons-by-ray-huang.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Huang, Ray. ''Broadening the Horizons of Chinese History: Discourses, Syntheses and Comparisons.'' M. E. Sharpe, 1999. 274 pp.  [http://www.questia.com/library/book/broadening-the-horizons-of-chinese-history-discourses-syntheses-and-comparisons-by-ray-huang.jsp online edition from Questia]
 
* Huters, Theodore; Wong, R. Bin; and Yu, Pauline, eds.  ''Culture and State in Chinese History: Convention, Accommodations, and Critiques.'' Stanford U. Press, 1997. 500 pp.   
 
* Huters, Theodore; Wong, R. Bin; and Yu, Pauline, eds.  ''Culture and State in Chinese History: Convention, Accommodations, and Critiques.'' Stanford U. Press, 1997. 500 pp.   
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* Johnston, Alastair Iain. ''Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History.'' Princeton U. Press, 1995. 307 pp.  [http://www.amazon.com/Cultural-Realism-Strategic-Culture-Strategy/dp/0691002398/ref=sr_1_17?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197221105&sr=1-17 excerpt and text search]
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* Johnston, Alastair Iain. ''Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History.'' Princeton U. Press, 1995. 307 pp.  [https://www.amazon.com/Cultural-Realism-Strategic-Culture-Strategy/dp/0691002398/ref=sr_1_17?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197221105&sr=1-17 excerpt and text search]
 
* Lach, Donald F. "China in Western Thought and Culture," in Philip P. Wiener, ed. ''The Dictionary of the History of Ideas'' (1974) [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhiana.cgi?id=dv1-48 online edition]  
 
* Lach, Donald F. "China in Western Thought and Culture," in Philip P. Wiener, ed. ''The Dictionary of the History of Ideas'' (1974) [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhiana.cgi?id=dv1-48 online edition]  
 
* Ng, On-Cho and Wang, Q. Edward. ''Mirroring the Past: The Writing and Use of History in Imperial China.'' U. of Hawai`i Press, 2005. 306 pp.   
 
* Ng, On-Cho and Wang, Q. Edward. ''Mirroring the Past: The Writing and Use of History in Imperial China.'' U. of Hawai`i Press, 2005. 306 pp.   
 
* Van Kley, Edwin J. "Europe's 'Discovery' of China and the Writing of World History," ''The American Historical Review,'' 76 (1971), 358-85. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(197104)76%3A2%3C358%3AE%22OCAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W in JSTOR]
 
* Van Kley, Edwin J. "Europe's 'Discovery' of China and the Writing of World History," ''The American Historical Review,'' 76 (1971), 358-85. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(197104)76%3A2%3C358%3AE%22OCAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W in JSTOR]
 
* Wang, Ben. ''Illuminations from the Past: Trauma, Memory, and History in Modern China.'' Stanford U. Press, 2004. 311 pp.   
 
* Wang, Ben. ''Illuminations from the Past: Trauma, Memory, and History in Modern China.'' Stanford U. Press, 2004. 311 pp.   
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* Wang, David Der-wei. ''The Monster That Is History: History, Violence, and Fictional Writing in Twentieth-Century China.'' U. of California Press, 2004. 402 pp.  [http://www.amazon.com/Monster-That-History-Twentieth-Century-Lilienthal/dp/0520238737/ref=sr_1_20?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197221105&sr=1-20 excerpt and text search]
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* Wang, David Der-wei. ''The Monster That Is History: History, Violence, and Fictional Writing in Twentieth-Century China.'' U. of California Press, 2004. 402 pp.  [https://www.amazon.com/Monster-That-History-Twentieth-Century-Lilienthal/dp/0520238737/ref=sr_1_20?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197221105&sr=1-20 excerpt and text search]
 
* Wang, Q. Edward. ''Inventing China Through History: The May Fourth Approach to Historiography.'' State U. of New York Press, 2001. 304 pp.
 
* Wang, Q. Edward. ''Inventing China Through History: The May Fourth Approach to Historiography.'' State U. of New York Press, 2001. 304 pp.
 
* Wilkinson, Endymion.  ''Chinese History, A Manual, Revised and Enlarged.'' Harvard U. Asia Center, 2000. 1181 pp. Standard research guide to 4300 books and sources (most in Chinese) covering all major topics; for advanced users only
 
* Wilkinson, Endymion.  ''Chinese History, A Manual, Revised and Enlarged.'' Harvard U. Asia Center, 2000. 1181 pp. Standard research guide to 4300 books and sources (most in Chinese) covering all major topics; for advanced users only
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