Changes

Lowe (1997) argues opposition to the war helped to shape England's early modern political culture. Although 1anti-war and pro-peace spokesmen generally failed to influence outcomes at the time, they had a long-term impact. England showed decreasing enthusiasm for a conflict deemed not in the national interest, yielding only losses in return for the economic burdens it imposed. In comparing this English cost-benefit analysis with French attitudes, given that both countries suffered from weak leaders and licentious soldiers, Lowe notes that the French understood that warfare was necessary to expel the foreigners occupying their homeland. Of course, Joan of Arc had a higher and more durable charisma quotient than Henry V. Furthermore, French kings found alternative ways to finance the war - sales taxes, debasing the coinage - and were less dependent than the English on tax levies passed by national legislatures. English anti-war critics thus had more to work with than the French.<ref>Ben Lowe, ''Imagining Peace: A History of Early English Pacifist Ideas, 1340-1560''  (1997)</ref>  

Lowe (1997) argues opposition to the war helped to shape England's early modern political culture. Although 1anti-war and pro-peace spokesmen generally failed to influence outcomes at the time, they had a long-term impact. England showed decreasing enthusiasm for a conflict deemed not in the national interest, yielding only losses in return for the economic burdens it imposed. In comparing this English cost-benefit analysis with French attitudes, given that both countries suffered from weak leaders and licentious soldiers, Lowe notes that the French understood that warfare was necessary to expel the foreigners occupying their homeland. Of course, Joan of Arc had a higher and more durable charisma quotient than Henry V. Furthermore, French kings found alternative ways to finance the war - sales taxes, debasing the coinage - and were less dependent than the English on tax levies passed by national legislatures. English anti-war critics thus had more to work with than the French.<ref>Ben Lowe, ''Imagining Peace: A History of Early English Pacifist Ideas, 1340-1560''  (1997)</ref>  

==Bibliography==

==Bibliography==

*  Allmand, Christopher. ''The Hundred Years War: England and France at War c.1300-c.1450'' (1988) [http://www.amazon.com/Hundred-Years-War-c-1300-c-1450-Cambridge/dp/0521319234/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203184829&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]

*  Allmand, Christopher. ''The Hundred Years War: England and France at War c.1300-c.1450'' (1988) [https://www.amazon.com/Hundred-Years-War-c-1300-c-1450-Cambridge/dp/0521319234/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203184829&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]

* Crane, Susan. ''The Performance of Self: Ritual, Clothing, and Identity During the Hundred Years War'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Performance-Self-Clothing-Identity-Hundred/dp/081221806X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203186853&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]  

* Crane, Susan. ''The Performance of Self: Ritual, Clothing, and Identity During the Hundred Years War'' (2002) [https://www.amazon.com/Performance-Self-Clothing-Identity-Hundred/dp/081221806X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203186853&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]  

* Curry, Anne. ''The Hundred Years War'' (2nd ed. 2003)   

* Curry, Anne. ''The Hundred Years War'' (2nd ed. 2003)   

* Green, David. ''The Battle of Poitiers, 1356'' (2002). ISBN 0-7524-1989-7.  

* Green, David. ''The Battle of Poitiers, 1356'' (2002). ISBN 0-7524-1989-7.  

* Keegan, John. ''The Face of Battle'' (1976), covers the battle of Agincourt, comparing it to modern battles

* Keegan, John. ''The Face of Battle'' (1976), covers the battle of Agincourt, comparing it to modern battles

* Nicolle, David, and Angus McBride. ''French Armies of the Hundred Years War: 1328-1429'' (2000) Men-At-Arms Series, 337 [http://www.amazon.com/French-Armies-Hundred-Years-War/dp/1855327104/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203184829&sr=8-10 excerpt and text search]

* Nicolle, David, and Angus McBride. ''French Armies of the Hundred Years War: 1328-1429'' (2000) Men-At-Arms Series, 337 [https://www.amazon.com/French-Armies-Hundred-Years-War/dp/1855327104/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203184829&sr=8-10 excerpt and text search]

* Neillands, Robin. ''The Hundred Years War,'' (1990) [http://www.questia.com/read/108494496 online edition]

* Neillands, Robin. ''The Hundred Years War,'' (1990) [http://www.questia.com/read/108494496 online edition]

*  Rogers, Clifford J. "The Military Revolutions of the Hundred Years War," ''The Journal of Military History'' 57 (1993): 241-78. in [[Project Muse]]

*  Rogers, Clifford J. "The Military Revolutions of the Hundred Years War," ''The Journal of Military History'' 57 (1993): 241-78. in [[Project Muse]]

* Seward, Desmond. ''The Hundred Years War: The English in France 1337-1453'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Hundred-Years-War-English-1337-1453/dp/0140283617/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203184829&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]  

* Seward, Desmond. ''The Hundred Years War: The English in France 1337-1453'' (1999) [https://www.amazon.com/Hundred-Years-War-English-1337-1453/dp/0140283617/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203184829&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]  

* Stone, John. "Technology, Society, and the Infantry Revolution of the Fourteenth Century," ''The Journal of Military History'' 68.2 (2004) 361-380 in [[Project Muse]]

* Stone, John. "Technology, Society, and the Infantry Revolution of the Fourteenth Century," ''The Journal of Military History'' 68.2 (2004) 361-380 in [[Project Muse]]

* Villalon, L. J. Andrew, and  Donald J. Kagay, eds. ''The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus'' (2005) [http://www.questia.com/read/109300836 online edition]; also [http://www.amazon.com/Hundred-Years-War-History-Warfare/dp/9004139699/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203186853&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]

* Villalon, L. J. Andrew, and  Donald J. Kagay, eds. ''The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus'' (2005) [http://www.questia.com/read/109300836 online edition]; also [https://www.amazon.com/Hundred-Years-War-History-Warfare/dp/9004139699/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203186853&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]

* Wagner, John A. ''Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War'' (2006)   

* Wagner, John A. ''Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War'' (2006)