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HTTP --> HTTPS #3, replaced: http://www.amazon.com → https://www.amazon.com (27), http://www.census.gov → https://www.census.gov (3)
[[Image:Hispanic Demographic.jpg|350px|right|thumb|Latinos at first concentrate to states nearest Mexico (and Cuba), but then diffuse throughout the U.S.]]
[[Image:Hispanic Demographic.jpg|350px|right|thumb|Latinos at first concentrate to states nearest Mexico (and Cuba), but then diffuse throughout the U.S.]]
'''Latino''' (in the US) is a new English word (Americanism) derived from a Spanish word that means a person of Latin languages-speaking descent. Latinos, in English, means [[Mexicans]] and other people of [[Latin America]]n descent living in the U.S.<ref>David G. Gutiérrez, ed. ''The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States Since 1960'' (2004) pp 1-2 [http://www.amazon.com/Columbia-History-Latinos-United-States/dp/0231118090/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190386160&sr=8-1 online excerpt]</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/latinos Latino] Dictionary.com
'''Latino''' (in the US) is a new English word (Americanism) derived from a Spanish word that means a person of Latin languages-speaking descent. Latinos, in English, means [[Mexicans]] and other people of [[Latin America]]n descent living in the U.S.<ref>David G. Gutiérrez, ed. ''The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States Since 1960'' (2004) pp 1-2 [https://www.amazon.com/Columbia-History-Latinos-United-States/dp/0231118090/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190386160&sr=8-1 online excerpt]</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/latinos Latino] Dictionary.com
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[[Image:Hispanic.jpg|thumb|450px|Hispanic population in the US in 1990. Since 1990 there has been a doubling in numbers and much greater presence outside the Southwest]]
[[Image:Hispanic.jpg|thumb|450px|Hispanic population in the US in 1990. Since 1990 there has been a doubling in numbers and much greater presence outside the Southwest]]
By 2005, the Latino population in the US reached 41.3 million, of whom 64% were Mexican, 10% Puerto Rican, 3% Cuban, 3% Dominican, 3% Salvadoran, and the remaining 17% from smaller groups.<ref>[http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/010327.html See Census Bureau press release, July 16, 2007 at]</ref> According to the Pew Research Center in 2008, 12,7 millions were of Mexican origin (32% of all immigrants living in this country).<ref>[http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1191/mexican-immigrants-in-america-largest-group Mexican Immigrants in the United States, 2008]</ref> About 30% of the Latinos—12 million—are illegal ("undocumented") immigrants to the U.S., a number that has grown since the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|9-11 attacks of 2001]]. The illegal—and indeed the legal immigrants—have become targets of verbal and political criticism.
By 2005, the Latino population in the US reached 41.3 million, of whom 64% were Mexican, 10% Puerto Rican, 3% Cuban, 3% Dominican, 3% Salvadoran, and the remaining 17% from smaller groups.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/010327.html See Census Bureau press release, July 16, 2007 at]</ref> According to the Pew Research Center in 2008, 12,7 millions were of Mexican origin (32% of all immigrants living in this country).<ref>[http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1191/mexican-immigrants-in-america-largest-group Mexican Immigrants in the United States, 2008]</ref> About 30% of the Latinos—12 million—are illegal ("undocumented") immigrants to the U.S., a number that has grown since the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|9-11 attacks of 2001]]. The illegal—and indeed the legal immigrants—have become targets of verbal and political criticism.
Culturally they are mostly [[conservative]] [[Catholics]], with a strong [[evangelical]] element. They are known for very strong family ties, and high birth rates. They cluster at the bottom of the socio-economic scale, with low levels of education and high dropout rates from schools, and mostly hold unskilled or semi-skilled jobs. The "illegals" (undocumented) hold even lower-skilled jobs in agriculture, construction, landscaping, hotels and restaurants, while sending money back to their families. The Latino crime rate is about the national average. The illegals pay the same sales taxes as everyone, but usually have incomes too low to pay income taxes. Many of the illegals pay social security taxes into false accounts (which means they are not entitled to benefits). The legals include both citizens and legal residents who are not yet citizens; all children born in the U.S. have U.S. citizenship. In many families, some members are illegal and some are legal non-citizens and others are full citizens.
Culturally they are mostly [[conservative]] [[Catholics]], with a strong [[evangelical]] element. They are known for very strong family ties, and high birth rates. They cluster at the bottom of the socio-economic scale, with low levels of education and high dropout rates from schools, and mostly hold unskilled or semi-skilled jobs. The "illegals" (undocumented) hold even lower-skilled jobs in agriculture, construction, landscaping, hotels and restaurants, while sending money back to their families. The Latino crime rate is about the national average. The illegals pay the same sales taxes as everyone, but usually have incomes too low to pay income taxes. Many of the illegals pay social security taxes into false accounts (which means they are not entitled to benefits). The legals include both citizens and legal residents who are not yet citizens; all children born in the U.S. have U.S. citizenship. In many families, some members are illegal and some are legal non-citizens and others are full citizens.
==Demography==
==Demography==
[[Image:Jessica Alba.jpg|thumb|Jessica Alba born in Pomona, California to [[Denmark|Danish]] and [[France|French]] [[Canada|Canadian]] descent mother and Mexican American descent father.]]
[[Image:Jessica Alba.jpg|thumb|Jessica Alba born in Pomona, California to [[Denmark|Danish]] and [[France|French]] [[Canada|Canadian]] descent mother and Mexican American descent father.]]
California in 2006 had the largest Hispanic population of any state as of 2006 (13.1 million), followed by Texas (8.4 million) and Florida (3.6 million). Texas had the largest numerical increase between 2005 and 2006 (305,000), with California (283,000) and Florida (161,000) following. In New Mexico, Hispanics comprised the highest proportion of the total population (44%), with California and Texas (36% each) next in line. The Hispanic population in 2006 was much younger, with a median age of 27.4 compared with the population as a whole at 36.4. About a third of the Hispanic population was younger than 18, compared with one-fourth of the total population.<ref>See Census report May 17, 2007 at [http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/010048.html] with details at [http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/cb07-70tbl2.xls]</ref>
California in 2006 had the largest Hispanic population of any state as of 2006 (13.1 million), followed by Texas (8.4 million) and Florida (3.6 million). Texas had the largest numerical increase between 2005 and 2006 (305,000), with California (283,000) and Florida (161,000) following. In New Mexico, Hispanics comprised the highest proportion of the total population (44%), with California and Texas (36% each) next in line. The Hispanic population in 2006 was much younger, with a median age of 27.4 compared with the population as a whole at 36.4. About a third of the Hispanic population was younger than 18, compared with one-fourth of the total population.<ref>See Census report May 17, 2007 at [https://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/010048.html] with details at [https://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/cb07-70tbl2.xls]</ref>
The rapid growth of the Hispanic population after 1972 began in the Southwest, but spread nationwide by 2000. The diffusion of Latinos across the country was dramatic by 2008, and became a major issue in the presidential election, with Republicans echoing nativist hostilities. In Georgia, for example, there were barely 60,000 Latinos in 1980, and 100,000 in 1990, less than 2%. By the 2000 Census the number had surged to 435,000, or 5%, with continuing rapid growth to 700,000 in 2006.<ref>Bullock and Hood (2006)</ref>
The rapid growth of the Hispanic population after 1972 began in the Southwest, but spread nationwide by 2000. The diffusion of Latinos across the country was dramatic by 2008, and became a major issue in the presidential election, with Republicans echoing nativist hostilities. In Georgia, for example, there were barely 60,000 Latinos in 1980, and 100,000 in 1990, less than 2%. By the 2000 Census the number had surged to 435,000, or 5%, with continuing rapid growth to 700,000 in 2006.<ref>Bullock and Hood (2006)</ref>
* De León, Arnoldo. ''Mexican Americans in Texas: A Brief History'', 2nd ed. (1999)
* De León, Arnoldo. ''Mexican Americans in Texas: A Brief History'', 2nd ed. (1999)
* De Leon, Arnoldo, and Richard Griswold Del Castillo. ''North to Aztlan: A History of Mexican Americans in the United States'' (2006)
* De Leon, Arnoldo, and Richard Griswold Del Castillo. ''North to Aztlan: A History of Mexican Americans in the United States'' (2006)
* Burt, Kenneth C. ''The Search for a Civic Voice: California Latino Politics,'' (2007). [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1930053509/ref=sib_dp_bod_bc/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&p=S0CO#reader-link Excerpts and online search from Amazon.com]
* Burt, Kenneth C. ''The Search for a Civic Voice: California Latino Politics,'' (2007). [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1930053509/ref=sib_dp_bod_bc/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&p=S0CO#reader-link Excerpts and online search from Amazon.com]
* Dolan, Jay P. and Gilberto M. Hinojosa; ''Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church, 1900-1965'' (1994)
* Dolan, Jay P. and Gilberto M. Hinojosa; ''Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church, 1900-1965'' (1994)
* García, María Cristina. ''Havana, USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959–1994'' (1996); [http://www.amazon.com/Havana-USA-Americans-Florida-1959-1994/dp/0520211170/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274078&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* García, María Cristina. ''Havana, USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959–1994'' (1996); [https://www.amazon.com/Havana-USA-Americans-Florida-1959-1994/dp/0520211170/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274078&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gomez-Quiñones, Juan. ''Mexican American Labor, 1790-1990.'' (1994).
* Gomez-Quiñones, Juan. ''Mexican American Labor, 1790-1990.'' (1994).
* Gomez-Quinones, Juan. ''Chicano Politics: Reality and Promise, 1940-1990'' (1990)
* Gomez-Quinones, Juan. ''Chicano Politics: Reality and Promise, 1940-1990'' (1990)
* Gonzales-Berry, Erlinda, David R. Maciel, editors, ''The Contested Homeland: A Chicano History of New Mexico'', 314 pages (2000), ISBN 0-8263-2199-2
* Gonzales-Berry, Erlinda, David R. Maciel, editors, ''The Contested Homeland: A Chicano History of New Mexico'', 314 pages (2000), ISBN 0-8263-2199-2
* Grebler, Leo, Joan Moore, and Ralph Guzmán. ''The Mexican American People: The Nation's Second Largest Minority'' (1970), emphasis on census data and statistics
* Grebler, Leo, Joan Moore, and Ralph Guzmán. ''The Mexican American People: The Nation's Second Largest Minority'' (1970), emphasis on census data and statistics
* Gutiérrez, David G. ed. ''The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States Since 1960'' (2004) 512pp [http://www.amazon.com/Columbia-History-Latinos-United-States/dp/0231118090/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190386160&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gutiérrez, David G. ed. ''The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States Since 1960'' (2004) 512pp [https://www.amazon.com/Columbia-History-Latinos-United-States/dp/0231118090/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190386160&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gutiérrez, David G. "Migration, Emergent Ethnicity, and the "Third Space": The Shifting Politics of Nationalism in Greater Mexico" ''Journal of American History'' 1999 86(2): 481-517. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723(199909)86%3A2%3C481%3AMEEAT%22%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V in JSTOR] covers 1800 to the 1980s
* Gutiérrez, David G. "Migration, Emergent Ethnicity, and the "Third Space": The Shifting Politics of Nationalism in Greater Mexico" ''Journal of American History'' 1999 86(2): 481-517. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723(199909)86%3A2%3C481%3AMEEAT%22%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V in JSTOR] covers 1800 to the 1980s
* Gutiérrez, David G. ''Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity in the Southwest, 1910-1986'' 1995. [http://www.amazon.com/Walls-Mirrors-Americans-Immigrants-Ethnicity/dp/0520202198/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439733&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gutiérrez, David G. ''Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity in the Southwest, 1910-1986'' 1995. [https://www.amazon.com/Walls-Mirrors-Americans-Immigrants-Ethnicity/dp/0520202198/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439733&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gutiérrez; Ramón A. ''When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500-1846'' (1991)
* Gutiérrez; Ramón A. ''When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500-1846'' (1991)
* [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/index.html ''Handbook of Texas History'' Online]
* [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/index.html ''Handbook of Texas History'' Online]
* Meier, Matt S., and Margo Gutierrez, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Mexican-American-Rights-Movement/dp/0313304254/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511642&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Meier, Matt S., and Margo Gutierrez, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement'' (2000) [https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Mexican-American-Rights-Movement/dp/0313304254/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511642&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Meier, Matt S. ''Notable Latino Americans'' (1997), 127 very well written interpretive biographies
* Meier, Matt S. ''Notable Latino Americans'' (1997), 127 very well written interpretive biographies
* Ruiz, Vicki L. “Nuestra América: Latino History as United States History,” ''Journal of American History,'' 93 (Dec. 2006), 655–72.
* Ruiz, Vicki L. “Nuestra América: Latino History as United States History,” ''Journal of American History,'' 93 (Dec. 2006), 655–72.
* Ruiz, Vicki L. ''From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America'' (1998)
* Ruiz, Vicki L. ''From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America'' (1998)
* Sãnchez Korrol, Virginia E. ''From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City.'' (1994) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2g5004p1/?&query=&brand=ucpress complete text online free in California]; [http://www.amazon.com/Colonia-Community-History-American-Society/dp/0520079000/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274120&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Sãnchez Korrol, Virginia E. ''From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City.'' (1994) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2g5004p1/?&query=&brand=ucpress complete text online free in California]; [https://www.amazon.com/Colonia-Community-History-American-Society/dp/0520079000/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274120&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Valle, Victor M. and Torres, Rodolfo D. ''Latino Metropolis.'' 2000. 249 pp. on Los Angeles
* Valle, Victor M. and Torres, Rodolfo D. ''Latino Metropolis.'' 2000. 249 pp. on Los Angeles
* Weber, David J. ''The Mexican Frontier, 1821-1846: The American Southwest under Mexico'' (1982)
* Weber, David J. ''The Mexican Frontier, 1821-1846: The American Southwest under Mexico'' (1982)
* Garcia, Richard A. "Religion as Language, Church as Culture: Changing Chicano Historiography," ''Reviews in American History'' 34.4 (2006) 521-528 in [http://muse.uq.edu.au/login?uri=/journals/reviews_in_american_history/v034/34.4garcia.html Project Muse].
* Garcia, Richard A. "Religion as Language, Church as Culture: Changing Chicano Historiography," ''Reviews in American History'' 34.4 (2006) 521-528 in [http://muse.uq.edu.au/login?uri=/journals/reviews_in_american_history/v034/34.4garcia.html Project Muse].
* Gomez-Quiñones, Juan. ''Mexican American Labor, 1790-1990.'' (1994).
* Gomez-Quiñones, Juan. ''Mexican American Labor, 1790-1990.'' (1994).
* Gutiérrez, David G. ed. ''The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States Since 1960'' (2004) 512pp [http://www.amazon.com/Columbia-History-Latinos-United-States/dp/0231118090/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190386160&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gutiérrez, David G. ed. ''The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States Since 1960'' (2004) 512pp [https://www.amazon.com/Columbia-History-Latinos-United-States/dp/0231118090/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190386160&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gutiérrez, David G. "Migration, Emergent Ethnicity, and the "Third Space": The Shifting Politics of Nationalism in Greater Mexico" ''Journal of American History'' 1999 86(2): 481-517. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723(199909)86%3A2%3C481%3AMEEAT%22%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V in JSTOR] covers 1800 to the 1980s
* Gutiérrez, David G. "Migration, Emergent Ethnicity, and the "Third Space": The Shifting Politics of Nationalism in Greater Mexico" ''Journal of American History'' 1999 86(2): 481-517. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723(199909)86%3A2%3C481%3AMEEAT%22%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V in JSTOR] covers 1800 to the 1980s
* Rochín, Refugio I., and Denis N. Valdés, eds. ''Voices of a New Chicana/o History.'' (2000). 307 pp.
* Rochín, Refugio I., and Denis N. Valdés, eds. ''Voices of a New Chicana/o History.'' (2000). 307 pp.
* MacDonald, Victoria-Maria. ''Latino Education in the United States: A Narrated History from 1513-2000'' (2004)
* MacDonald, Victoria-Maria. ''Latino Education in the United States: A Narrated History from 1513-2000'' (2004)
* Rivas-Rodríguez, Maggie ed. ''Mexican Americans and World War II'' (2005)
* Rivas-Rodríguez, Maggie ed. ''Mexican Americans and World War II'' (2005)
* Sanchez, George J. ''Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945'' (1995) [http://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Mexican-American-Ethnicity-1900-1945/dp/0195096487/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196813292&sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]
* Sanchez, George J. ''Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945'' (1995) [https://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Mexican-American-Ethnicity-1900-1945/dp/0195096487/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196813292&sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]
==Culture and politics, post 1965==
==Culture and politics, post 1965==
* Berg, Charles Ramírez. ''Latino Images in Film: Stereotypes, Subversion, and Resistance.'' 2002. 314 pp.
* Berg, Charles Ramírez. ''Latino Images in Film: Stereotypes, Subversion, and Resistance.'' 2002. 314 pp.
* Branton, Regina. "Latino Attitudes toward Various Areas of Public Policy: The Importance of Acculturation," ''Political Research Quarterly'', Vol. 60, No. 2, 293-303 (2007) [http://prq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/60/2/293 Abstract]
* Branton, Regina. "Latino Attitudes toward Various Areas of Public Policy: The Importance of Acculturation," ''Political Research Quarterly'', Vol. 60, No. 2, 293-303 (2007) [http://prq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/60/2/293 Abstract]
* Burt, Kenneth C. ''The Search for a Civic Voice: California Latino Politics,'' Regina Books, 2007. [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1930053509/ref=sib_dp_bod_bc/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&p=S0CO#reader-link Excerpts and online search from Amazon.com]
* Burt, Kenneth C. ''The Search for a Civic Voice: California Latino Politics,'' Regina Books, 2007. [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1930053509/ref=sib_dp_bod_bc/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&p=S0CO#reader-link Excerpts and online search from Amazon.com]
* DeGenova, Nicholas and Ramos-Zayas, Ana Y. ''Latino Crossings: Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and the Politics of Race and Citizenship.'' 2003. 257 pp.
* DeGenova, Nicholas and Ramos-Zayas, Ana Y. ''Latino Crossings: Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and the Politics of Race and Citizenship.'' 2003. 257 pp.
* Dolan, Jay P. and Gilberto M. Hinojosa; ''Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church, 1900-1965'' (1994)
* Dolan, Jay P. and Gilberto M. Hinojosa; ''Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church, 1900-1965'' (1994)
* Fregoso, Rosa Linda. ''The Bronze Screen: Chicana and Chicano Film Culture.'' (1993) [http://www.amazon.com/Bronze-Screen-Chicana-Chicano-Culture/dp/0816621365/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439770&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Fregoso, Rosa Linda. ''The Bronze Screen: Chicana and Chicano Film Culture.'' (1993) [https://www.amazon.com/Bronze-Screen-Chicana-Chicano-Culture/dp/0816621365/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439770&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Garcia, Ignacio M. ''Viva Kennedy: Mexican Americans in Search of Camelot,'' Texas A&M University Press, 2000. 227pp [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0890969175/ref=sib_books_pg/002-3913059-9393623?ie=UTF8&keywords=Viva%20Kennedy&p=S00W&checkSum=%252FgJCGbhD9ZhkdM7tbdQ24Nkv6GwGpcQXxELnjjwNHTI%253DExcerpts Excerpts and online search from Amazon.com].
* Garcia, Ignacio M. ''Viva Kennedy: Mexican Americans in Search of Camelot,'' Texas A&M University Press, 2000. 227pp [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0890969175/ref=sib_books_pg/002-3913059-9393623?ie=UTF8&keywords=Viva%20Kennedy&p=S00W&checkSum=%252FgJCGbhD9ZhkdM7tbdQ24Nkv6GwGpcQXxELnjjwNHTI%253DExcerpts Excerpts and online search from Amazon.com].
* García, Mario T. ''Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology and Identity, 1930–1960'' (1989)
* García, Mario T. ''Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology and Identity, 1930–1960'' (1989)
* Gomez-Quinones, Juan. ''Chicano Politics: Reality and Promise, 1940-1990'' (1990)
* Gomez-Quinones, Juan. ''Chicano Politics: Reality and Promise, 1940-1990'' (1990)
* Gutiérrez, David G. ''Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity in the Southwest, 1910-1986'' 1995. [http://www.amazon.com/Walls-Mirrors-Americans-Immigrants-Ethnicity/dp/0520202198/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439733&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gutiérrez, David G. ''Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity in the Southwest, 1910-1986'' 1995. [https://www.amazon.com/Walls-Mirrors-Americans-Immigrants-Ethnicity/dp/0520202198/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439733&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hammerback, John C., Richard J. Jensen, and Jose Angel Gutierrez. ''A War of Words: Chicano Protest in the 1960s and 1970s'' 1985.
* Hammerback, John C., Richard J. Jensen, and Jose Angel Gutierrez. ''A War of Words: Chicano Protest in the 1960s and 1970s'' 1985.
* Kenski, Kate and Tisinger, Russell. "Hispanic Voters in the 2000 and 2004 Presidential General Elections." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(2): 189-202. Issn: 0360-4918
* Kenski, Kate and Tisinger, Russell. "Hispanic Voters in the 2000 and 2004 Presidential General Elections." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(2): 189-202. Issn: 0360-4918
* Martinez, Juan Francisco. ''Sea La Luz: The Making of Mexican Protestantism in the American Southwest, 1829-1900'' (2006)
* Martinez, Juan Francisco. ''Sea La Luz: The Making of Mexican Protestantism in the American Southwest, 1829-1900'' (2006)
* Matovina, Timothy. ''Guadalupe and Her Faithful: Latino Catholics in San Antonio, from Colonial Origins to the Present.'' 2005. 232 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Guadalupe-Her-Faithful-Catholics-Religions/dp/080188229X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439807&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Matovina, Timothy. ''Guadalupe and Her Faithful: Latino Catholics in San Antonio, from Colonial Origins to the Present.'' 2005. 232 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Guadalupe-Her-Faithful-Catholics-Religions/dp/080188229X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439807&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Meier, Matt S., and Margo Gutierrez, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Mexican-American-Rights-Movement/dp/0313304254/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511642&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Meier, Matt S., and Margo Gutierrez, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement'' (2000) [https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Mexican-American-Rights-Movement/dp/0313304254/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511642&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Nuno, S. A. "Latino Mobilization and Vote Choice in the 2000 Presidential Election" ''American Politics Research,'' (2007); 35(2): 273 - 293. [http://apr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/273 Abstract]
* Nuno, S. A. "Latino Mobilization and Vote Choice in the 2000 Presidential Election" ''American Politics Research,'' (2007); 35(2): 273 - 293. [http://apr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/273 Abstract]
* Saldívar-Hull, Sonia. ''Feminism on the Border: Chicana Gender Politics and Literature'' 2000. [http://www.amazon.com/Feminism-Border-Chicana-Politics-Literature/dp/0520207335/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439846&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Saldívar-Hull, Sonia. ''Feminism on the Border: Chicana Gender Politics and Literature'' 2000. [https://www.amazon.com/Feminism-Border-Chicana-Politics-Literature/dp/0520207335/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439846&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Wegner, Kyle David, “Children of Aztlán: Mexican American Popular Culture and the Post-Chicano Aesthetic” (PhD dissertation State University of New York, Buffalo, 2006). Order No. DA3213898.
* Wegner, Kyle David, “Children of Aztlán: Mexican American Popular Culture and the Post-Chicano Aesthetic” (PhD dissertation State University of New York, Buffalo, 2006). Order No. DA3213898.
===Immigration since 1965===
===Immigration since 1965===
* Badillo, David A. ''Latinos and the New Immigrant Church.'' 2006. 275 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Latinos-Immigrant-Church-David-Badillo/dp/0801883873/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439630&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Badillo, David A. ''Latinos and the New Immigrant Church.'' 2006. 275 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Latinos-Immigrant-Church-David-Badillo/dp/0801883873/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439630&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Costanza-Chock, Sasha. "The Immigrant Rights Movement on the Net: Between “Web 2.0” and Comunicación Popular," ''American Quarterly,'' Volume 60, Number 3, September 2008, pp. 851-864 [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v060/60.3.costanza-chock.html in Project Muse]
* Costanza-Chock, Sasha. "The Immigrant Rights Movement on the Net: Between “Web 2.0” and Comunicación Popular," ''American Quarterly,'' Volume 60, Number 3, September 2008, pp. 851-864 [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v060/60.3.costanza-chock.html in Project Muse]
* García, María Cristina. ''Seeking Refuge: Central American Migration to Mexico, The United States, and Canada.'' (2006) 290pp
* García, María Cristina. ''Seeking Refuge: Central American Migration to Mexico, The United States, and Canada.'' (2006) 290pp
* Gutiérrez, David G. ''Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity in the Southwest, 1910-1986'' 1995. [http://www.amazon.com/Walls-Mirrors-Americans-Immigrants-Ethnicity/dp/0520202198/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439733&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gutiérrez, David G. ''Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity in the Southwest, 1910-1986'' 1995. [https://www.amazon.com/Walls-Mirrors-Americans-Immigrants-Ethnicity/dp/0520202198/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439733&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Haines, David W., and Karen E. Rosenblum. ''Illegal Immigration in America: A Reference Handbook'' (Greenwood Press, 1999) [http://www.questia.com/read/111894645?title=Illegal%20Immigration%20in%20America%3a%20%20A%20Reference%20Handbook online edition]
* Haines, David W., and Karen E. Rosenblum. ''Illegal Immigration in America: A Reference Handbook'' (Greenwood Press, 1999) [http://www.questia.com/read/111894645?title=Illegal%20Immigration%20in%20America%3a%20%20A%20Reference%20Handbook online edition]
* Passel, Jeffrey S. "Unauthorized Migrants: Numbers and Characteristics," Pew Hispanic Center Reports and fact Sheets. (June 14, 2005), [http://pewhispanic.org/reports/report.php?ReportID=46 online]
* Passel, Jeffrey S. "Unauthorized Migrants: Numbers and Characteristics," Pew Hispanic Center Reports and fact Sheets. (June 14, 2005), [http://pewhispanic.org/reports/report.php?ReportID=46 online]
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/HHBindex.htm vol 18-24, ''History of California'' to 1890]
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/HHBindex.htm vol 18-24, ''History of California'' to 1890]
* Bedolla, Lisa García. ''Fluid Borders: Latino Power, Identity, and Politics in Los Angeles.'' 2005. 279 pp.
* Bedolla, Lisa García. ''Fluid Borders: Latino Power, Identity, and Politics in Los Angeles.'' 2005. 279 pp.
* Burt, Kenneth C. ''The Search for a Civic Voice: California Latino Politics'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Search-Civic-Voice-California-Politics/dp/1930053509/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198650140&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]
* Burt, Kenneth C. ''The Search for a Civic Voice: California Latino Politics'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Search-Civic-Voice-California-Politics/dp/1930053509/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198650140&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]
* Camarillo, Albert. ''Chicanos in a Changing Society: From Mexican Pueblos to American Barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848–1930'' (1979)
* Camarillo, Albert. ''Chicanos in a Changing Society: From Mexican Pueblos to American Barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848–1930'' (1979)
* Camarillo, Albert M., “Cities of Color: The New Racial Frontier in California’s Minority-Majority Cities,” ''Pacific Historical Review,'' 76 (Feb. 2007), 1–28; looks at cities of Compton, East Palo Alto, and Seaside
* Camarillo, Albert M., “Cities of Color: The New Racial Frontier in California’s Minority-Majority Cities,” ''Pacific Historical Review,'' 76 (Feb. 2007), 1–28; looks at cities of Compton, East Palo Alto, and Seaside
* García, Matt. ''A World of Its Own: Race, Labor, and Citrus in the Making of Greater Los Angeles, 1900-1970'' (2001)
* García, Matt. ''A World of Its Own: Race, Labor, and Citrus in the Making of Greater Los Angeles, 1900-1970'' (2001)
* Gutierrez, Ramon A., and Patricia Zavella, eds. ''Mexicans in California: Transformations and Challenges'' essays by leading scholars (2009)
* Gutierrez, Ramon A., and Patricia Zavella, eds. ''Mexicans in California: Transformations and Challenges'' essays by leading scholars (2009)
* Hayes-Bautista, David E. ''La Nueva California: Latinos in the Golden State.'' (2004). 263 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Nueva-California-Latinos-Golden-State/dp/0520241460/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190230154&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hayes-Bautista, David E. ''La Nueva California: Latinos in the Golden State.'' (2004). 263 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Nueva-California-Latinos-Golden-State/dp/0520241460/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190230154&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hughes, Charles. "The Decline of the Californios: The Case of San Diego, 1846-1856" ''The Journal of San Diego History'' Summer 1975, Volume 21, Number 3 online at [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/75summer/decline.htm]
* Hughes, Charles. "The Decline of the Californios: The Case of San Diego, 1846-1856" ''The Journal of San Diego History'' Summer 1975, Volume 21, Number 3 online at [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/75summer/decline.htm]
* McWilliams, Carey. ''North from Mexico''. (1949), farm workers in California
* McWilliams, Carey. ''North from Mexico''. (1949), farm workers in California
* Pitt, Leonard. ''The Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish-Speaking Californians, 1846-1890'' (ISBN 0-520-01637-8)
* Pitt, Leonard. ''The Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish-Speaking Californians, 1846-1890'' (ISBN 0-520-01637-8)
* Sánchez; George J. ''Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945'' (1993) [http://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Mexican-American-Ethnicity-1900-1945/dp/0195096487/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190472154&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Sánchez; George J. ''Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945'' (1993) [https://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Mexican-American-Ethnicity-1900-1945/dp/0195096487/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190472154&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Valle, Victor M. and Torres, Rodolfo D. ''Latino Metropolis.'' 2000. 249 pp. on Los Angeles
* Valle, Victor M. and Torres, Rodolfo D. ''Latino Metropolis.'' 2000. 249 pp. on Los Angeles
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/16/album1.html v 16 ''History of the North Mexican States and Texas, Volume 2: 1801 - 1889'']
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/16/album1.html v 16 ''History of the North Mexican States and Texas, Volume 2: 1801 - 1889'']
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/17/album1.html Vol. 17 ''History of Arizona and New Mexico 1530-1888]'' (1889)
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/17/album1.html Vol. 17 ''History of Arizona and New Mexico 1530-1888]'' (1889)
* Blackwelder, Julia Kirk. ''Women of the Depression: Caste and Culture in San Antonio'' 1984. [http://www.amazon.com/Women-Depression-Culture-1929-1939-Southwestern/dp/0890968640/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511202&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Blackwelder, Julia Kirk. ''Women of the Depression: Caste and Culture in San Antonio'' 1984. [https://www.amazon.com/Women-Depression-Culture-1929-1939-Southwestern/dp/0890968640/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511202&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Buitron Jr., Richard A. ''The Quest for Tejano Identity in San Antonio, Texas, 1913-2000'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/Tejano-Identity-Antonio-1913-2000-Communities/dp/0415949505/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511249&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Buitron Jr., Richard A. ''The Quest for Tejano Identity in San Antonio, Texas, 1913-2000'' (2004) [https://www.amazon.com/Tejano-Identity-Antonio-1913-2000-Communities/dp/0415949505/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511249&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Chávez, John R. ''The Lost Land: The Chicano Image of the Southwest'' (Albuquerque, 1984)
* Chávez, John R. ''The Lost Land: The Chicano Image of the Southwest'' (Albuquerque, 1984)
* Chávez-García, Miroslava. ''Negotiating Conquest: Gender and Power in California, 1770s to 1880s'' (2004).
* Chávez-García, Miroslava. ''Negotiating Conquest: Gender and Power in California, 1770s to 1880s'' (2004).
===Other regions===
===Other regions===
* Bullock, Charles S., III and Hood, M. V., III. "A Mile-wide Gap: the Evolution of Hispanic Political Emergence in the Deep South." ''Social Science Quarterly'' 2006 87(special Issue): 1117-1135. Issn: 0038-4941 Fulltext: [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/action/showFullText?submitFullText=Full+Text+HTML&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1540-6237.2006.00419.x in [[Blackwell Synergy]]]
* Bullock, Charles S., III and Hood, M. V., III. "A Mile-wide Gap: the Evolution of Hispanic Political Emergence in the Deep South." ''Social Science Quarterly'' 2006 87(special Issue): 1117-1135. Issn: 0038-4941 Fulltext: [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/action/showFullText?submitFullText=Full+Text+HTML&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1540-6237.2006.00419.x in [[Blackwell Synergy]]]
* García, María Cristina. ''Havana, USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959–1994'' (1996); [http://www.amazon.com/Havana-USA-Americans-Florida-1959-1994/dp/0520211170/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274078&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* García, María Cristina. ''Havana, USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959–1994'' (1996); [https://www.amazon.com/Havana-USA-Americans-Florida-1959-1994/dp/0520211170/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274078&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Korrol, Virginia Sánchez. ''From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917–1948'' (1994)
* Korrol, Virginia Sánchez. ''From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917–1948'' (1994)
* Millard, Ann V. and Chapa, Jorge. ''Apple Pie and Enchiladas: Latino Newcomers in the Rural Midwest.'' 2004. 276 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Apple-Pie-Enchiladas-Newcomers-Midwest/dp/0292705689/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274263&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Millard, Ann V. and Chapa, Jorge. ''Apple Pie and Enchiladas: Latino Newcomers in the Rural Midwest.'' 2004. 276 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Apple-Pie-Enchiladas-Newcomers-Midwest/dp/0292705689/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274263&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Murphy, Arthur D., Colleen Blanchard, and Jennifer A. Hill, eds. ''Latino Workers in the Contemporary South.'' 2001. 224 pp.
* Murphy, Arthur D., Colleen Blanchard, and Jennifer A. Hill, eds. ''Latino Workers in the Contemporary South.'' 2001. 224 pp.
* Padilla, Felix M. ''Puerto Rican Chicago.'' (1987). 277 pp.
* Padilla, Felix M. ''Puerto Rican Chicago.'' (1987). 277 pp.
* Sãnchez Korrol, Virginia E. ''From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City.'' (1994) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2g5004p1/?&query=&brand=ucpress complete text online free in California]; [http://www.amazon.com/Colonia-Community-History-American-Society/dp/0520079000/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274120&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Sãnchez Korrol, Virginia E. ''From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City.'' (1994) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2g5004p1/?&query=&brand=ucpress complete text online free in California]; [https://www.amazon.com/Colonia-Community-History-American-Society/dp/0520079000/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274120&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Vargas, Zaragosa. ''Proletarians of the North: A History of Mexican Industrial Workers in Detroit and the Midwest, 1917-1933'' (1993) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8t1nb5q5/?&query=&brand=ucpress complete text online free in California]; [http://www.amazon.com/Proletarians-North-Industrial-1917-1933-American/dp/0520219627/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274212&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Vargas, Zaragosa. ''Proletarians of the North: A History of Mexican Industrial Workers in Detroit and the Midwest, 1917-1933'' (1993) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8t1nb5q5/?&query=&brand=ucpress complete text online free in California]; [https://www.amazon.com/Proletarians-North-Industrial-1917-1933-American/dp/0520219627/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274212&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Weise, Julie M. "Mexican Nationalisms, Southern Racisms: Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the U.S. South, 1908–1939," ''American Quarterly,'' Volume 60, Number 3, September 2008, pp. 749–777 [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v060/60.3.weise.html in Project Muse]
* Weise, Julie M. "Mexican Nationalisms, Southern Racisms: Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the U.S. South, 1908–1939," ''American Quarterly,'' Volume 60, Number 3, September 2008, pp. 749–777 [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v060/60.3.weise.html in Project Muse]
* Whalen, Carmen Teresa, and Victor Vásquez-Hernández, eds. '' The Puerto Rican Diaspora: Historical Perspectives'' (2005),
* Whalen, Carmen Teresa, and Victor Vásquez-Hernández, eds. '' The Puerto Rican Diaspora: Historical Perspectives'' (2005),