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==Dual origins==
==Dual origins==
[[Image:Kris.gif|thumb|right|Irving Kristol was dubbed by many as "the Godfather" of Neo-conservatism]]
[[Image:Kris.gif|thumb|right|Irving Kristol was dubbed by many as "the Godfather" of Neo-conservatism]]
One major strand of Neoconservatism emerged from a group of New York intellectuals, many of whom attended City College of New York in the late 1930s, a group that includes [[Irving Kristol]], Daniel Bell, [[Seymour Martin Lipset]] and [[Nathan Glazer]].<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521836565/ref=sr_1_3/102-2076504-6567320?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1175142752&sr=8-3 The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy, Murray Friedman, 2005]</ref> Many of this group came to despise the counterculture of the 1960s and what they felt was a growing "[[anti-Americanism]]" among many baby boomers. During the [[Cold War]] era, most vigorously opposed the Stalinist regime.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/magazine/neo.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5090&en=4126fa38fefd80de&ex=1298005200 After Neoconservatism, February 19, 2006]</ref> Kristol described a neoconservative as a '''"liberal mugged by reality"'''.
One major strand of Neoconservatism emerged from a group of New York intellectuals, many of whom attended City College of New York in the late 1930s, a group that includes [[Irving Kristol]], Daniel Bell, [[Seymour Martin Lipset]] and [[Nathan Glazer]].<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521836565/ref=sr_1_3/102-2076504-6567320?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1175142752&sr=8-3 The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy, Murray Friedman, 2005]</ref> Many of this group came to despise the counterculture of the 1960s and what they felt was a growing "[[anti-Americanism]]" among many baby boomers. During the [[Cold War]] era, most vigorously opposed the Stalinist regime.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/magazine/neo.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5090&en=4126fa38fefd80de&ex=1298005200 After Neoconservatism, February 19, 2006]</ref> Kristol described a neoconservative as a '''"liberal mugged by reality"'''.
Paleoconservatives, who dislike Neoconservatism intensely, have argued that it emerged from [[Trotskyite]] theories, especially the notion of permanent revolution. There are four fundamental flaws in the paleoconservatives' attack: most of the neoconservatives were never Trotskyites; none of them ever subscribed to the right-wing Socialism of Max Shachtman; the assertion that neoconservatives subscribe to "inverted Trotskyism" is misleading; and neoconservatives advocate democratic globalism, not permanent revolution.<ref>William F. King, "Neoconservatives and 'Trotskyism'" ''American Communist History'' 2004 3(2): 247-266 online at [[EBSCO]]</ref>
Paleoconservatives, who dislike Neoconservatism intensely, have argued that it emerged from [[Trotskyite]] theories, especially the notion of permanent revolution. There are four fundamental flaws in the paleoconservatives' attack: most of the neoconservatives were never Trotskyites; none of them ever subscribed to the right-wing Socialism of Max Shachtman; the assertion that neoconservatives subscribe to "inverted Trotskyism" is misleading; and neoconservatives advocate democratic globalism, not permanent revolution.<ref>William F. King, "Neoconservatives and 'Trotskyism'" ''American Communist History'' 2004 3(2): 247-266 online at [[EBSCO]]</ref>
* Bloom, Allan. ''The Closing of the American Mind'' (1988)
* Bloom, Allan. ''The Closing of the American Mind'' (1988)
* Dorrien, Gary. ''The Neoconservative Mind,'' (1993)
* Dorrien, Gary. ''The Neoconservative Mind,'' (1993)
* Friedman, Murray. ''The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy''. (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521545013/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-5 excerpt and text search].
* Friedman, Murray. ''The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy''. (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521545013/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-5 excerpt and text search].
* Fu kuyama, Francis. ''America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy,'' (2006)
* Fu kuyama, Francis. ''America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy,'' (2006)
* Gerson, Mark. ''The Neoconservative Vision: From the Cold War to Culture Wars '' (1997)
* Gerson, Mark. ''The Neoconservative Vision: From the Cold War to Culture Wars '' (1997)
* [[Stefan Halper|Halper, Stefan]] and Jonathan Clarke. ''America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/America-Alone-Neo-Conservatives-Global-Order/dp/0521674603/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1255319175&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]* *Heilbrun, Jacob. ''They Knew They Were Right: The Rise of the Neocons'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/They-Knew-Were-Right-Neocons/dp/140007620X/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]
* [[Stefan Halper|Halper, Stefan]] and Jonathan Clarke. ''America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order'' (2004) [https://www.amazon.com/America-Alone-Neo-Conservatives-Global-Order/dp/0521674603/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1255319175&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]* *Heilbrun, Jacob. ''They Knew They Were Right: The Rise of the Neocons'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/They-Knew-Were-Right-Neocons/dp/140007620X/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]
* Murray, Douglas. ''Neoconservatism: Why We Need It'' (2006)
* Murray, Douglas. ''Neoconservatism: Why We Need It'' (2006)
* Steinfels, Peter. ''The Neoconservatives: The Men Who Are Changing America's Politics.'' (1979)
* Steinfels, Peter. ''The Neoconservatives: The Men Who Are Changing America's Politics.'' (1979)
*Stelzer, Irwin. ''Neo-conservatism'' (2004)
*Stelzer, Irwin. ''Neo-conservatism'' (2004)
===Primary sources===
===Primary sources===
* Demuth, Christopher, and William Kristol, eds. ''The Neoconservative Imagination: Essays in Honor of Irving Kristol'' (1995) [http://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Imagination-Essays-Irving-Kristol/dp/0844738999/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491256&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Demuth, Christopher, and William Kristol, eds. ''The Neoconservative Imagination: Essays in Honor of Irving Kristol'' (1995) [https://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Imagination-Essays-Irving-Kristol/dp/0844738999/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491256&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Gerson, Mark ed., ''The Essential Neo-Conservative Reader'' (1997)
* Gerson, Mark ed., ''The Essential Neo-Conservative Reader'' (1997)
* Kristol, Irving. ''Neoconservatism: the Autobiography of an Idea'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Neo-conservatism-Autobiography-Idea-Irving-Kristol/dp/1566632285/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-10 excerpt and text search]
* Kristol, Irving. ''Neoconservatism: the Autobiography of an Idea'' (1999) [https://www.amazon.com/Neo-conservatism-Autobiography-Idea-Irving-Kristol/dp/1566632285/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-10 excerpt and text search]
* Stelzer, Irwin, ed. ''The NeoCon Reader'' (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Neocon-Reader-Irwin-Stelzer/dp/0802141935/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]
* Stelzer, Irwin, ed. ''The NeoCon Reader'' (2005) [https://www.amazon.com/Neocon-Reader-Irwin-Stelzer/dp/0802141935/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.opinionjournal.com/federation/feature/?id=110010684 Neoconservatism's Future: It's still the only game in town], Joshua Muravchik, OpinionJournal.com, October 3, 2007. From ''Commentary''.
*[http://www.opinionjournal.com/federation/feature/?id=110010684 Neoconservatism's Future: It's still the only game in town], Joshua Muravchik, OpinionJournal.com, October 3, 2007. From ''Commentary''.
*[http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/ The Henry Jackson Society]
*[http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/ The Henry Jackson Society]
*[http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/003/000tzmlw.asp The Neoconservative Persuasion by Irving Kristol]
*[https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/003/000tzmlw.asp The Neoconservative Persuasion by Irving Kristol]
== References ==
== References ==