Changes

====Anti-abortion Republican====

====Anti-abortion Republican====

In  1976, Gemma worked in Ronald Reagan's competitive but unsuccessful bid for the Republican presidential nominationgainst sitting President [[Gerald Ford]], who was unseated in November by the [[Democratic Party|Democrat]] [[Jimmy Carter]].  A champion of the [[pro-life]] cause, Gemma was in the early 1980s the executive director of the National Pro-Life Political Action Committee. Soon after Reagan unseated Carter in 1980 and was inaugurated in 1981, Gemma and other conservatives, including the Reverend [[Jerry Falwell]], announced their opposition to the nomination of [[Moderate Republican]] [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] of [[Arizona]] to the [[United States Supreme Court]]. O'Connor supported [[abortion]] and the [[Equal Rights Amendment]]. The nomination nevertheless was confirmed in 1981 by the first Republican-majority Senate since 1954. To Gemma, O'Connor's nomination  was "a direct contradiction of the Republican platform to everything that candidate Reagan said and even President Reagan has said in regard to social issues."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1981/0708/070837.html|title=A closer look at nation's first woman high court nominee|author=Julia Malone|date=July 8, 1981|publisher=''[[Christian Science Monitor]]''|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref> Gemma had sought to delay O'Connor's confirmation by challenging multiple aspects of her voting record as an Arizona state senator.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1981/0903/090343.html|title=New Right strategy: let's drag out O'Connor's confirmation hearing; Focus: abortion, women's rights, school prayer|date=September 3, 1981|author=Julia Malone|publisher=''The Christian Science Monitor''|accessdate=May 23, 2016}}</ref> 

In  1976, Gemma worked in Ronald Reagan's competitive but unsuccessful bid for the Republican presidential nominationgainst sitting President [[Gerald Ford]], who was unseated in November by the [[Democratic Party|Democrat]] [[Jimmy Carter]].  A champion of the [[pro-life]] cause, Gemma was in the early 1980s the executive director of the National Pro-Life Political Action Committee. Soon after Reagan unseated Carter in 1980 and was inaugurated in 1981, Gemma and other conservatives, including the Reverend [[Jerry Falwell]], announced their opposition to the nomination of [[Moderate Republican]] [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] of [[Arizona]] to the [[United States Supreme Court]]. O'Connor supported [[abortion]] and the [[Equal Rights Amendment]]. The nomination nevertheless was confirmed in 1981 by the first Republican-majority Senate since 1954. To Gemma, O'Connor's nomination  was "a direct contradiction of the Republican platform to everything that candidate Reagan said and even President Reagan has said in regard to social issues."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/0708/070837.html|title=A closer look at nation's first woman high court nominee|author=Julia Malone|date=July 8, 1981|publisher=''[[Christian Science Monitor]]''|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref> Gemma had sought to delay O'Connor's confirmation by challenging multiple aspects of her voting record as an Arizona state senator.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/0903/090343.html|title=New Right strategy: let's drag out O'Connor's confirmation hearing; Focus: abortion, women's rights, school prayer|date=September 3, 1981|author=Julia Malone|publisher=''The Christian Science Monitor''|accessdate=May 23, 2016}}</ref> 

In retrospect, he could point out that O'Connor's Supreme Court record, along with two other Republican appointees, [[Anthony Kennedy]] and [[David Souter]], supplied the majority in a key 1991 decision to maintain legal abortion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/Court/Sandra_Day_O_Connor_Abortion.htm|title=Liberty to define one's own concept of mystery of human life|publisher=On The Issues|accessdate=May 23, 2016}}</ref>

In retrospect, he could point out that O'Connor's Supreme Court record, along with two other Republican appointees, [[Anthony Kennedy]] and [[David Souter]], supplied the majority in a key 1991 decision to maintain legal abortion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/Court/Sandra_Day_O_Connor_Abortion.htm|title=Liberty to define one's own concept of mystery of human life|publisher=On The Issues|accessdate=May 23, 2016}}</ref>

===Constitution Party===

===Constitution Party===

In 2016, Gemma confirmed on Facebook that he would not support Donald Trump for the presidency against [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]] though Trump has secured tacit backing of Pat Buchanan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/2016/05/05/476844409/pat-buchanan-on-why-he-shares-trump-s-ideas-on-foreign-policy|title=Pat Buchanan On Why He Shares Trump's Ideas On Foreign Policy|date=May 5, 2016|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref> whom Trump had opposed in 2000, when Buchanan was the Reform Party nominee. In 2014, Gemma was listed as a member of the national executive committee of the Constitution Party, founded in 1992 as the U.S. Taxpayers Party by the late Howard Phillips following Buchanan's failure to dislodge the senior Bush from the presidential nomination. In this capacity, Gemma published an essay critical of the [[Neoconservatism|neocons]] who have largely set foreign policy for recent Republican administrations seen as unwise and provocative by paleoconservatives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.constitutionparty.com/neocon-policies-rejected-by-public/|title=Neocon Policies Rejected by Public: Poll Shows Big Discontent|date=June 12, 2014|publisher=[[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution Party]]|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref> Morris Dee's liberal interest group, the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] of [[Montgomery]], [[Alabama]], placed Gemma on its "hatewatch" and called him a "racist", a "white nationalist", an "anti-Semite",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2013/09/16/longtime-racist-joins-constitution-party%E2%80%99s-executive-committee|title=Longtime Racist Joins Constitution Party’s Executive Committee|date=September 13, 2013|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|accessdate=May 21, 2016}}</ref> and a "veteran agitator."<ref name=shotsfired/> 

In 2016, Gemma confirmed on Facebook that he would not support Donald Trump for the presidency against [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]] though Trump has secured tacit backing of Pat Buchanan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/05/05/476844409/pat-buchanan-on-why-he-shares-trump-s-ideas-on-foreign-policy|title=Pat Buchanan On Why He Shares Trump's Ideas On Foreign Policy|date=May 5, 2016|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref> whom Trump had opposed in 2000, when Buchanan was the Reform Party nominee. In 2014, Gemma was listed as a member of the national executive committee of the Constitution Party, founded in 1992 as the U.S. Taxpayers Party by the late Howard Phillips following Buchanan's failure to dislodge the senior Bush from the presidential nomination. In this capacity, Gemma published an essay critical of the [[Neoconservatism|neocons]] who have largely set foreign policy for recent Republican administrations seen as unwise and provocative by paleoconservatives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.constitutionparty.com/neocon-policies-rejected-by-public/|title=Neocon Policies Rejected by Public: Poll Shows Big Discontent|date=June 12, 2014|publisher=[[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution Party]]|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref> Morris Dee's liberal interest group, the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] of [[Montgomery]], [[Alabama]], placed Gemma on its "hatewatch" and called him a "racist", a "white nationalist", an "anti-Semite",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2013/09/16/longtime-racist-joins-constitution-party%E2%80%99s-executive-committee|title=Longtime Racist Joins Constitution Party’s Executive Committee|date=September 13, 2013|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|accessdate=May 21, 2016}}</ref> and a "veteran agitator."<ref name=shotsfired/> 

===Current interest===

===Current interest===