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The '''University of California, Berkeley''' (also referred to as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, or simply Cal), is a public research university located in Berkeley, California, on the hills above the eastern side of the San Francisco Bay. Berkeley was established in 1868 through the merger of the private College of California and the public Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College in Oakland, and Berkeley is the oldest institution in the UC system. UC Berkeley is the head campus of the [[University of California]] system. This UC educational system has been criticized as liberally biased and as such resembling ''"a sanctuary for a narrow ideological segment of the spectrum of social and political ideas"'' that does not help students learn ''how'' to think, but rather teaches them ''what'' to think.<ref>{{cite web |title= Leftist California Professors "Corrupt" Higher Education |author=Larry Elder |publisher=TownHall Magazine |date=April 12, 2012 |url=http://townhall.com/columnists/larryelder/2012/04/12/leftist_california_professors_corrupt_higher_education/page/full |accessdate=November 9, 2014}}</ref>  

The '''University of California, Berkeley''' (also referred to as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, or simply Cal), is a public research university located in Berkeley, California, on the hills above the eastern side of the San Francisco Bay. Berkeley was established in 1868 through the merger of the private College of California and the public Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College in Oakland, and Berkeley is the oldest institution in the UC system. UC Berkeley is the head campus of the [[University of California]] system. This UC educational system has been criticized as liberally biased and as such resembling ''"a sanctuary for a narrow ideological segment of the spectrum of social and political ideas"'' that does not help students learn ''how'' to think, but rather teaches them ''what'' to think.<ref>{{cite web |title= Leftist California Professors "Corrupt" Higher Education |author=Larry Elder |publisher=TownHall Magazine |date=April 12, 2012 |url=https://townhall.com/columnists/larryelder/2012/04/12/leftist_california_professors_corrupt_higher_education/page/full |accessdate=November 9, 2014}}</ref>  

Berkeley has 1,580 full-time and 597 part-time faculty members dispersed among more than 350 degree programs. The student-to-faculty ratio is 17 to 1.<ref name=facts>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeley.edu/about/fact.shtml|title=Facts at a glance|accessdate=March 21, 2014}}</ref>

Berkeley has 1,580 full-time and 597 part-time faculty members dispersed among more than 350 degree programs. The student-to-faculty ratio is 17 to 1.<ref name=facts>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeley.edu/about/fact.shtml|title=Facts at a glance|accessdate=March 21, 2014}}</ref>

Berkeley controversially borrowed $445 million to fund a $321 million renovation its seismically unsafe football stadium and construction of a new $153 million student athletic center,<ref name=wsj/><ref name=debt>{{cite news|title=Cal scrambling to cover stadium bill|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/collegesports/article/Cal-scrambling-to-cover-stadium-bill-4604221.php?t=7903d5abac47b02379|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=June 16, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2014}}</ref> both of which opened in 2012. Fundraising for the project fell far short of expectations.<ref name=wsj/>

Berkeley controversially borrowed $445 million to fund a $321 million renovation its seismically unsafe football stadium and construction of a new $153 million student athletic center,<ref name=wsj/><ref name=debt>{{cite news|title=Cal scrambling to cover stadium bill|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/collegesports/article/Cal-scrambling-to-cover-stadium-bill-4604221.php?t=7903d5abac47b02379|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=June 16, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2014}}</ref> both of which opened in 2012. Fundraising for the project fell far short of expectations.<ref name=wsj/>

In 2014, Moody's downgraded Berkeley's bond rating from from Aa1 to Aa2.<ref name=forbes>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/joshfreedman/2014/03/19/the-hidden-college-problem-when-universities-like-students-take-on-debt/|title=The Hidden College Problem: When Universities, Not Just Students, Take On Debt|first=Josh|last=Freedman|work=Forbes|date=March 19, 2014|accessdate=March 21, 2014}}</ref>  However, Berkeley was able to save $1 billion in borrowing costs by refinancing its debt.<ref name=forbes/>

In 2014, Moody's downgraded Berkeley's bond rating from from Aa1 to Aa2.<ref name=forbes>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshfreedman/2014/03/19/the-hidden-college-problem-when-universities-like-students-take-on-debt/|title=The Hidden College Problem: When Universities, Not Just Students, Take On Debt|first=Josh|last=Freedman|work=Forbes|date=March 19, 2014|accessdate=March 21, 2014}}</ref>  However, Berkeley was able to save $1 billion in borrowing costs by refinancing its debt.<ref name=forbes/>

== Liberal bias ==

== Liberal bias ==