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[[Image:Kustodiyev bolshevik.jpg|right|thumb|''Bolshevik'' by Boris Kustodiyev, 1920.|300px]]  

[[Image:Kustodiyev bolshevik.jpg|right|thumb|''Bolshevik'' by Boris Kustodiyev, 1920.|300px]]  

The '''October Revolution''' or '''Bolshevik Revolution''', led by [[Bolshevik]] leader [[Vladimir Lenin]], took place in [[Russia]] in 1917.  Lenin returned from exile when the [[czar|tsarist]] (czarist) rule ended and by a coup against the social-democratic government of [[Alexander Kerensky]] he led the Bolsheviks into power.  

The '''October Revolution''' or '''Bolshevik Revolution''', led by [[Bolshevik]] leader [[Vladimir Lenin]], took place in [[Russia]] in 1917.  Lenin returned from exile when the [[czar|tsarist]] (czarist) rule ended and by a coup against the social-democratic government of his old family friend [[Alexander Kerensky]] as he led the Bolsheviks into power.  

The Congress of [[Soviet]]s, in 1917, was made up of representatives of local soviets which, in turn, were supposedly elected primarily by workers and peasants in the various local districts; in reality, the Bolsheviks secured the delegates by the use of violence and intimidation. In the Congress of Soviets which met at the beginning of November 1917, the Bolshevik party had a majority. This Congress then declared itself to be "the government": that is to say, it claimed sovereignty and declared that sovereignty was no longer possessed by the Kerensky government which was based on the remnants of the old Russian Duma and had been in power since the [[February Revolution]].  The Soviet Congress then proceeded to enact the chief initial measures of the new regime and to elect an executive - the Council of Commissars.<ref>James Burnham, ''The Managerial Revolution'', Indiana University Press, Bloomingham 1966.</ref>

The Congress of [[Soviet]]s, in 1917, was made up of representatives of local soviets which, in turn, were supposedly elected primarily by workers and peasants in the various local districts; in reality, the Bolsheviks secured the delegates by the use of violence and intimidation. In the Congress of Soviets which met at the beginning of November 1917, the Bolshevik party had a majority. This Congress then declared itself to be "the government": that is to say, it claimed sovereignty and declared that sovereignty was no longer possessed by the Kerensky government which was based on the remnants of the old Russian Duma and had been in power since the [[February Revolution]].  The Soviet Congress then proceeded to enact the chief initial measures of the new regime and to elect an executive - the Council of Commissars.<ref>James Burnham, ''The Managerial Revolution'', Indiana University Press, Bloomingham 1966.</ref>