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At the conclusion of this study, psychologist Gary Collins reluctantly admitted, “Clearly there is evidence that for most people, laypeople can counsel as well as or better than professionals.”  

At the conclusion of this study, psychologist Gary Collins reluctantly admitted, “Clearly there is evidence that for most people, laypeople can counsel as well as or better than professionals.”  

Again, the bottom line is that Christians are not to turn to psychologist for guidance. Primarily because the Word of God instructs us not to and God has given us the ability to counsel one another through His Word.<ref>http://littorch.com/articles/to-whom-shall-we-go/</ref>}}

Again, the bottom line is that Christians are not to turn to psychologist for guidance. Primarily because the Word of God instructs us not to and God has given us the ability to counsel one another through His Word.<ref>[http://littorch.com/articles/to-whom-shall-we-go/ To Whom Shall We Go? (littorch.com)]</ref>}}

See also: [http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=1979-31736-001 Abstract - Comparative effectiveness of paraprofessional and professional helpers] and [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6399757 PubMed citation - Comparative effectiveness of paraprofessional and professional helpers]

See also: [http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=1979-31736-001 Abstract - Comparative effectiveness of paraprofessional and professional helpers] and [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6399757 PubMed citation - Comparative effectiveness of paraprofessional and professional helpers]

A 1985 paper entitled ''Does professional training make a therapist more effective?'' which was published by the University of Texas reported there was no substantial difference in between the results that laymen and trained psychologists are able to achieve.<ref>http://www.psych.umn.edu/courses/fall07/brunnquelld/psy8542/Session%2007/Berman%20session%207_1986-02211-001.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3901068</ref>

A 1985 paper entitled ''Does professional training make a therapist more effective?'' which was published by the University of Texas reported there was no substantial difference in between the results that laymen and trained psychologists are able to achieve.<ref>[http://www.psych.umn.edu/courses/fall07/brunnquelld/psy8542/Session%2007/Berman%20session%207_1986-02211-001.pdf Berman Session: 07, 1986 (psych.umn.edu)]</ref><ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3901068]</ref>

== Psychiatric quackery revealed by race often unnecessarily causing misdiagnosis  ==

== Psychiatric quackery revealed by race often unnecessarily causing misdiagnosis  ==

[[File:Artistic view of how the world feels like with schizophrenia - journal.pmed.0020146.g001.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|Self-portrait of a person with schizophrenia.  The picture reflects how schizophrenia can distort a person's perception.]]

[[File:Artistic view of how the world feels like with schizophrenia - journal.pmed.0020146.g001.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|Self-portrait of a person with schizophrenia.  The picture reflects how schizophrenia can distort a person's perception.]]

{{Cquote|John Zeber recently examined one of the nation's largest databases of psychiatric cases to evaluate how doctors diagnose [[schizophrenia]], a disorder that often portends years of powerful brain-altering drugs, social ostracism and forced hospitalizations.

{{Cquote|John Zeber recently examined one of the nation's largest databases of psychiatric cases to evaluate how doctors diagnose [[schizophrenia]], a disorder that often portends years of powerful brain-altering drugs, social ostracism and forced hospitalizations.

Although schizophrenia has been shown to affect all ethnic groups at the same rate, the scientist found that blacks in the United States were more than four times as likely to be diagnosed with the disorder as whites. Hispanics were more than three times as likely to be diagnosed as whites.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/27/AR2005062701496.html</ref>}}

Although schizophrenia has been shown to affect all ethnic groups at the same rate, the scientist found that blacks in the United States were more than four times as likely to be diagnosed with the disorder as whites. Hispanics were more than three times as likely to be diagnosed as whites.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/27/AR2005062701496.html Washington Post article, June 27, 2005 (washingtonpost.com)]</ref>}}

== Rosenhan experiment ==

== Rosenhan experiment ==

After admission, the pseudopatients no longer reported hallucinations and behaved as they ‘normally’ would.  Despite this many were confined as inpatients for substantial periods of time and all were discharged with the diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder.  

After admission, the pseudopatients no longer reported hallucinations and behaved as they ‘normally’ would.  Despite this many were confined as inpatients for substantial periods of time and all were discharged with the diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder.  

For the second part of the experiment staff at a teaching hospital, whose staff had learned of Rosenhan’s above results, were informed that one or more pseudopatients would attempt to be admitted to their hospital over an ensuing three month period.  Many patients were subsequently identified as likely pseudopatients but in fact no pseudopatient had been sent.<ref>http://frontierpsychiatrist.co.uk/the-rosenhan-experiment-examined/</ref>}}

For the second part of the experiment staff at a teaching hospital, whose staff had learned of Rosenhan’s above results, were informed that one or more pseudopatients would attempt to be admitted to their hospital over an ensuing three month period.  Many patients were subsequently identified as likely pseudopatients but in fact no pseudopatient had been sent.<ref>[http://frontierpsychiatrist.co.uk/the-rosenhan-experiment-examined/ The Rosenhan Experiment Examined (frontierpsychiatrist.co.uk)]</ref>}}

== The atheist psychologist Sigmund Freud promoted pseudoscience ==

== The atheist psychologist Sigmund Freud promoted pseudoscience ==

{{cquote|One of the most important criticisms that Sigmund Freud directed against religion was that it encourages unhealthy and dysfunctional outlooks on life. Having dismissed religion as an illusion, Freud went on to argue that it is a negative factor in personal development. At times, Freud's influence has been such that the elimination of a person's religious beliefs has been seen as a precondition for mental health.

{{cquote|One of the most important criticisms that Sigmund Freud directed against religion was that it encourages unhealthy and dysfunctional outlooks on life. Having dismissed religion as an illusion, Freud went on to argue that it is a negative factor in personal development. At times, Freud's influence has been such that the elimination of a person's religious beliefs has been seen as a precondition for mental health.

Freud is now a fallen idol, the fall having been all the heavier for its postponement. There is now growing awareness of the importance of spirituality in health care, both as a positive factor in relation to well-being and as an issue to which patients have a right. The "Spirituality and Healing in Medicine" conference sponsored by [[Harvard]] Medical School in 1998 brought reports that 86 percent of Americans as a whole, 99 percent of family physicians, and 94 percent of HMO professionals believe that prayer, meditation, and other spiritual and religious practices exercise a major positive role within the healing process.<ref name="christtoday">http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/march/21.36.html</ref>}}

Freud is now a fallen idol, the fall having been all the heavier for its postponement. There is now growing awareness of the importance of spirituality in health care, both as a positive factor in relation to well-being and as an issue to which patients have a right. The "Spirituality and Healing in Medicine" conference sponsored by [[Harvard]] Medical School in 1998 brought reports that 86 percent of Americans as a whole, 99 percent of family physicians, and 94 percent of HMO professionals believe that prayer, meditation, and other spiritual and religious practices exercise a major positive role within the healing process.<ref name="christtoday">[http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/march/21.36.html Christianity Today, March 21, 2005 (christianitytoday.com)]</ref>}}

[[File:Mayo-clinic-gondaoverview.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The prestigious [[Mayo Clinic]] found that that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life and other health outcomes.<ref>http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/76/12/1225.full.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:Mayo-clinic-gondaoverview.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The prestigious [[Mayo Clinic]] found that that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life and other health outcomes.<ref>http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/76/12/1225.full.pdf</ref>]]

The prestigious [[Mayo Clinic]] reported on December 11, 2001:

The prestigious [[Mayo Clinic]] reported on December 11, 2001:

See: [[American millennials, irreligion, therapy and pseudoscience]]

See: [[American millennials, irreligion, therapy and pseudoscience]]

==References==

==References==