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The Schengen Area has its roots in the [[Schengen Agreement]], signed in 1985 in the town of Schengen in [[Luxembourg]].<ref name="Explained">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-13194723 Schengen: Controversial EU free movement deal explained]. ''BBC''. April 24, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2017.</ref> The agreement took effect in 1995.<ref name="Explained"/> 22 of the 28 EU members are party to the agreement. The Area is not synonymous with the EU: some EU members are not part of the agreement and some non-EU members are part of the agreement.<ref name="Explained"/> The agreement removes all internal borders in the member states, so someone can travel across its member states with no passport or border security.<ref name="Explained"/> The Schengen Area is basically one country in this sense, even though its member states are nominally independent.<ref>Despite this, the EU and the Schengen Area have massively reduced the sovereignty of its member nations, so they cannot be truly considered independent or sovereign.</ref>

The Schengen Area has its roots in the [[Schengen Agreement]], signed in 1985 in the town of Schengen in [[Luxembourg]].<ref name="Explained">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-13194723 Schengen: Controversial EU free movement deal explained]. ''BBC''. April 24, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2017.</ref> The agreement took effect in 1995.<ref name="Explained"/> 22 of the 28 EU members are party to the agreement. The Area is not synonymous with the EU: some EU members are not part of the agreement and some non-EU members are part of the agreement.<ref name="Explained"/> The agreement removes all internal borders in the member states, so someone can travel across its member states with no passport or border security.<ref name="Explained"/> The Schengen Area is basically one country in this sense, even though its member states are nominally independent.<ref>Despite this, the EU and the Schengen Area have massively reduced the sovereignty of its member nations, so they cannot be truly considered independent or sovereign.</ref>

During the refugee crisis in 2015 and 2016, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Norway, and Poland re-established some border controls.<ref>Holehouse, Matthew; Orange, Richard (January 4, 2016). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/12080906/Schengen-zone-in-danger-warns-Germany-after-Denmark-and-Sweden-introduce-border-controls.html Schengen zone in danger, warns Germany, after Denmark and Sweden introduce border controls]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved January 10, 2017.</ref><ref>Cendrowicz, Leo (January 4, 2016). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-end-of-schengen-restrictions-by-denmark-and-sweden-are-threatening-europes-passport-free-zone-a6796696.html The end of Schengen? Restrictions by Denmark and Sweden are 'threatening Europe's passport-free zone']. ''The Independent''. Retrieved January 10, 2017.</ref> In early 2017, [[Belgium]], [[France]], and [[the Netherlands]], agreed to reinstate passenger lists and passport checks on trains travelling between the respective countries.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/01/27/belgium-france-netherlands-to-introduce-rail-id-checks.html Belgium, France, Netherlands to introduce rail ID checks]. ''Fox News'' (from the Associated Press). January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 27, 2017.</ref>

During the refugee crisis in 2015 and 2016, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Norway, and Poland re-established some border controls.<ref>Holehouse, Matthew; Orange, Richard (January 4, 2016). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/12080906/Schengen-zone-in-danger-warns-Germany-after-Denmark-and-Sweden-introduce-border-controls.html Schengen zone in danger, warns Germany, after Denmark and Sweden introduce border controls]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved January 10, 2017.</ref><ref>Cendrowicz, Leo (January 4, 2016). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-end-of-schengen-restrictions-by-denmark-and-sweden-are-threatening-europes-passport-free-zone-a6796696.html The end of Schengen? Restrictions by Denmark and Sweden are 'threatening Europe's passport-free zone']. ''The Independent''. Retrieved January 10, 2017.</ref> In early 2017, [[Belgium]], [[France]], and [[the Netherlands]], agreed to reinstate passenger lists and passport checks on trains travelling between the respective countries.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/01/27/belgium-france-netherlands-to-introduce-rail-id-checks.html Belgium, France, Netherlands to introduce rail ID checks]. ''Fox News'' (from the Associated Press). January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 27, 2017.</ref> In May 2019, Denmark proposed making its border controls permanent.<ref name="DenmarkBorder"/>

===Social engineering and Europe's growing Islamic population===

===Social engineering and Europe's growing Islamic population===