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While this statute is phrased as an unconditional obligation, the [[Fifth Amendment]] takes precedence over it. For this reason, many witnesses called to testify at Congressional hearings plead the Fifth Amendment and refuse to testify.
While this statute is phrased as an unconditional obligation, the [[Fifth Amendment]] takes precedence over it. For this reason, many witnesses called to testify at Congressional hearings plead the Fifth Amendment and refuse to testify.
Historically, Congress has used three types of contempt citations, civil, criminal, and inherent. In criminal contempt, Congress refers the matter to the [[Attorney General]] for criminal prosecution. In civil contempt, Congress files suit in federal court to ask a judge to order compliance with Congress demands. If a judge orders the subject to comply with congressional demands, and the subject does not comply, that would be a [[contempt of court]] — not a contempt of Congress.
==References==
==References==