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Data Update
|pop =38,523,261
|pop =38,523,261
|pop-basis =2016
|pop-basis =2016
|gdp =$413.3 billion
|gdp =$614.2 billion
|gdp-year =2007
|gdp-year =2018
|gdp-pc =$10,858 (2006)
|gdp-pc =$16,180 (2018)
|currency =Złoty (PLN)
|currency =Złoty (PLN)
|idd =
|idd =
|tld =.pl
|tld =.pl
}}
}}
'''Poland''' is the leading [[pro-life]] nation in [[Europe]], located on its eastern side. It has suffered many hardships before and after [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], disappearing as a nation in 1875 and re-appearing in 1918. After having emerged as a nation after World War I, Poland was partitioned between [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Soviet Union]] at the start of World War II. Attaining nationhood again at the end of that war, Poland was then suppressed behind the [[Iron Curtain]] as a Soviet satellite controlled by a [[communist]] regime.
'''Poland''' is the leading [[pro-life]] nation in [[Europe]], located on its east-central side. It has suffered many hardships before and after [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], disappearing as a nation in 1875 and re-appearing in 1918. After having emerged as a nation after World War I, Poland was partitioned between [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Soviet Union]] at the start of World War II. Attaining nationhood again at the end of that war, Poland was then suppressed behind the [[Iron Curtain]] as a Soviet satellite controlled by a [[communist]] regime.
Poland is the most [[conservative]] nation in the [[European Union]], and supports the policies of [[United States]] President [[Trump]] far more than any other European country. Poland chose to purchase [[natural gas]] for its [[energy]] needs from the U.S. rather than from [[Russia]].
Poland is the most [[conservative]] nation in the [[European Union]], and supports the policies of [[United States]] President [[Trump]] far more than any other European country. Poland chose to purchase [[natural gas]] for its [[energy]] needs from the U.S. rather than from [[Russia]].
Most Germans left Poland at the end of the war, while many Ukrainians and Belorussians lived in territories incorporated into the then-U.S.S.R. Small Ukrainian, Belorussian, [[Slovakia]]n, and [[Lithuania]]n minorities reside along the borders, and a German minority is concentrated near the southwest city of Opole.
Most Germans left Poland at the end of the war, while many Ukrainians and Belorussians lived in territories incorporated into the then-U.S.S.R. Small Ukrainian, Belorussian, [[Slovakia]]n, and [[Lithuania]]n minorities reside along the borders, and a German minority is concentrated near the southwest city of Opole.
*Population (July 2006): 38.5 million.
*Population (July 2018): 38.399 millions.
*Annual growth rate: Unchanging.
*Annual growth rate: Unchanging.
*Ethnic groups: Polish 98%, German, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Lithuanian.
*Ethnic groups: Polish 98%, German, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Lithuanian.
*Language: Polish.
*Language: Polish.
*Education: Literacy—98%.
*Education: Literacy—98%.
*Health (2006): Infant mortality rate—7.2/1,000. Life expectancy—males 71 yrs., females 79 yrs.
*Health (2016): Infant mortality rate—4/1,000. Life expectancy (2017)—males 74 yrs., females 82 yrs.
*Work force: 17.2 million. Industry and construction—29%; agriculture—16%; services—54%.
*Work force: 17.2 million. Industry and construction—30%; agriculture—13%; services—57%.
=== Religion ===
=== Religion ===
[[File:St John Cathedral Warsaw Poland.jpg|thumb|left|St. John Cathedral, Warsaw.]]
[[File:St John Cathedral Warsaw Poland.jpg|thumb|left|St. John Cathedral, Warsaw.]]
The parliament consists of the 460-member Sejm and the 100-member Senat, or upper house. The new constitution and the reformed administrative division (as of 1999) required a revision of the election ordinance (passed in April 2001). The most important changes were liquidation of a national list (all deputies are elected by voters in electoral districts) and introduction of a new method of calculating seats (the modified St. Lague method replaced the d'Hondt method, thus eliminating the premium for the top parties). The law stipulated that with the exception of guaranteed seats for small ethnic parties, only parties receiving at least 5% of the total vote could enter parliament.
The parliament consists of the 460-member Sejm and the 100-member Senat, or upper house. The new constitution and the reformed administrative division (as of 1999) required a revision of the election ordinance (passed in April 2001). The most important changes were liquidation of a national list (all deputies are elected by voters in electoral districts) and introduction of a new method of calculating seats (the modified St. Lague method replaced the d'Hondt method, thus eliminating the premium for the top parties). The law stipulated that with the exception of guaranteed seats for small ethnic parties, only parties receiving at least 5% of the total vote could enter parliament.
Parties represented in the newly elected (October 2011) Sejm are [[Civic Platform]] (PO), [[Law and Justice]] (PiS), Palikot's Movement (RP), Polish Peasant Party (PSL), Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), and the United Poland (SP) which was created after elections by former Law and Justice members. There is also one representative of the German Minority and some non-allied members of Parliament
Parties represented in the newly elected (October 2015) Sejm are [[Law and Justice]] (PiS), [[Civic Platform]] (PO), Kukiz'15 (K'15), Nowoczesna Ryszarda Petru (.N), and Polish Peasant Party (PSL) There is also one representative of the German Minority and some non-allied members of Parliament.
*First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage—Piotr Gliński
*First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage—Piotr Gliński
*Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Science and Higher Education—Jarosław Gowin
*Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Science and Higher Education—Jarosław Gowin
*Deputy Prime Minister—Beata Szydło
*Deputy Prime Minister—Jacek Sasin
=== Foreign Relations ===
=== Foreign Relations ===
Throughout the 1990s, the United States and other Western countries supported the growth of a free enterprise economy by reducing Poland's foreign debt burden, providing economic aid, and lowering trade barriers. Poland graduated from [[U.S Agency for International Development]] (USAID) assistance in 2000 and paid the balance of its U.S.-held Paris Club debt in 2005. Poland officially joined the European Union (EU) on May 1, 2004.
Throughout the 1990s, the United States and other Western countries supported the growth of a free enterprise economy by reducing Poland's foreign debt burden, providing economic aid, and lowering trade barriers. Poland graduated from [[U.S Agency for International Development]] (USAID) assistance in 2000 and paid the balance of its U.S.-held Paris Club debt in 2005. Poland officially joined the European Union (EU) on May 1, 2004.
*GDP (2006): $265.4 billion.
*GDP (2018): $614.2 billion.
*Real GDP growth (2006): 5.3%.
*GDP Growth (2018): 5.1%.
*Per capita GDP (2006): $14,100.
*Per Capita GDP (2018): $16,180.
*Rate of inflation (2006): 1.3%.
*Rate of inflation (2018): 1.6%.
*Rate of unemployment (April 2019): 5.6%.
*Natural resources: [[Coal]], [[copper]], [[sulfur]], [[natural gas]], [[silver]], [[lead]], [[salt]].
*Natural resources: [[Coal]], [[copper]], [[sulfur]], [[natural gas]], [[silver]], [[lead]], [[salt]].
*Agriculture: Products—grains, hogs, dairy, potatoes, horticulture, sugarbeets, oilseed.
*Agriculture: Products—grains, hogs, dairy, potatoes, horticulture, sugarbeets, oilseed.
*Industry: Types—machine building, iron and steel, mining, shipbuilding, automobiles, furniture, textiles and apparel, chemicals, food processing, glass, beverages.
*Industry: Types—machine building, iron and steel, mining, shipbuilding, automobiles, furniture, textiles and apparel, chemicals, food processing, glass, beverages.
*Trade (2006): Exports--$110.7 billion: furniture, cars, ships, coal, apparel. Imports--$113.2 billion: crude oil, passenger cars, pharmaceuticals, car parts, computers.
*Trade (2018): Exports--$247 billion: furniture, cars, ships, coal, apparel. Imports--$253 billion: crude oil, passenger cars, pharmaceuticals, car parts, computers.
According to the FTSE Russell index in 2018, Poland became the first post-Soviet country to become a "developed market."<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (September 27, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/09/27/telegraph-poland-first-post-soviet-bloc-nation-developed-market/ Telegraph: Poland Is First Post-Soviet Bloc Nation to Become a ‘Developed Market’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 27, 2018.</ref>
According to the FTSE Russell index in 2018, Poland became the first post-Soviet country to become a "developed market."<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (September 27, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/09/27/telegraph-poland-first-post-soviet-bloc-nation-developed-market/ Telegraph: Poland Is First Post-Soviet Bloc Nation to Become a ‘Developed Market’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 27, 2018.</ref><br> In 2018. Poland has the highest increase in GDP among EU countries and 4th among all countries in the world.
=== Agriculture ===
=== Agriculture ===