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'''Pentarchy''', meaning literally "rule of five" is from a [[Greek]] term ''pentarchia'', from ''pente'' "five" + ''archien'' "to rule". The general meaning of Pentarchy today is as a term designating the five ancient [[patriarch]]ates of the undivided [[Church]] of the first millennium of her history as "''The Pentrarchy''", which includes the Churches of [[Rome]], [[Istanbul|Constantinople]], [[Alexandria]] (Egypt), [[Antioch]], and [[Jerusalem]].<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Pentarchy Pentarchy (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref><ref>[http://orthodoxinfo.com/general/history.aspx A History of the Orthodox Church: Outline (orthodoxinfo.com)]  

'''Pentarchy''', meaning literally "rule of five" is from a [[Greek]] term ''pentarchia'', from ''pente'' "five" + ''archien'' "to rule". The general meaning of Pentarchy today is as a term designating the five ancient [[patriarch]]ates of the undivided [[Church]] of the first millennium of her history as "''The Pentrarchy''", which includes the Churches of [[Rome]], [[Istanbul|Constantinople]], [[Alexandria]] (Egypt), [[Antioch]], and [[Jerusalem]].<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Pentarchy Pentarchy (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref><ref>[http://orthodoxinfo.com/general/history.aspx A History of the Orthodox Church: Outline (orthodoxinfo.com)]</ref>

These major centers of early [[Christianity]], founded by [[Twelve Apostles|the apostles]], were looked to by their respective regions as leaders in Church life, and eventually their [[bishop]]s (Greek ''episkopoi'') came to be regarded as the primates of their areas<ref>The office of ecclesiastical "Primate" (first in rank and dignity) comes from occupying or holding the "Primacy" or chief position relative to others, the patriarch of a geographically defined inclusive area of ecclesiastical Christian government in the Church. Ecclesiastic is from the Greek word ''ekklesia'' "assembly", usually translated, "church" in the [[New Testament]].</ref>. The members of the Pentarchy all participated in some form in the first eight [[Ecumenical council|Ecumenical Council]]s, from A.D. 325 to 880.<ref>[http://papalencyclicals.net/Councils/ Church Councils – The Documents and Canons of the Councils of the Catholic Orthodox Church from Nicaea&nbsp;I to Vatican&nbsp;II]</ref>  

These major centers of early [[Christianity]], founded by [[Twelve Apostles|the apostles]], were looked to by their respective regions as leaders in Church life, and eventually their [[bishop]]s (Greek ''episkopoi'') came to be regarded as the primates of their areas<ref>The office of ecclesiastical "Primate" (first in rank and dignity) comes from occupying or holding the "Primacy" or chief position relative to others, the patriarch of a geographically defined inclusive area of ecclesiastical Christian government in the Church. Ecclesiastic is from the Greek word ''ekklesia'' "assembly", usually translated, "church" in the [[New Testament]].</ref>. The members of the Pentarchy all participated in some form in the first eight [[Ecumenical council|Ecumenical Council]]s, from A.D. 325 to 880.<ref>[http://papalencyclicals.net/Councils/ Church Councils – The Documents and Canons of the Councils of the Catholic Orthodox Church from Nicaea&nbsp;I to Vatican&nbsp;II]</ref>