Changes

[[File:Desecnt of the modernist.png|thumb|right|The Descent of the Modernists cartoon by E. J. Pace. It portrays [[modernism]] as the descent from [[Christianity]] to [[atheism]]. It was first published in 1922. ]]

[[File:Desecnt of the modernist.png|thumb|right|The Descent of the Modernists cartoon by E. J. Pace. It portrays [[modernism]] as the descent from [[Christianity]] to [[atheism]]. It was first published in 1922. ]]

'''Fundamentalism''', a term sometimes used in a pejorative way today by [[liberal]] bigots, is a movement among [[Christian]]s in the [[United States]] that began in the late 19th century. It was a backlash against [[Modernism]], which the fundamentalists accused of denying such Christian doctrines such as [[virgin birth]] and the inerrancy of Scripture. The name comes from a series of pamphlets entitled ''The Fundamentals'' that were published between 1910 and 1915.<ref name=IFTSAE>"[http://www.wheaton.edu/isae/defining-evangelicalism/fundamentalism Fundamentalism]”, Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals</ref><ref name=TheFundamentals>[http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%201.pdf The Fundamentals A Testimony to the Truth (1910-1915) <br>—Volume One], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%202.pdf Volume Two], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%203.pdf Volume Three], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%204.pdf Volume Four].</ref> The movement is associated with the 1925 [[Scopes Trial]], which concerned the issue of evolution. It suffered a decline in the 1930s, but revived in the late 1940s.

'''Fundamentalism''' is a movement among [[Christian]]s in the [[United States]] that began in the late 19th century. It was a backlash against [[Modernism]], which the fundamentalists accused of denying such Christian doctrines such as [[virgin birth]] and the inerrancy of Scripture. The views of many of the greatest scientists and mathematicians were within the meaning of fundamentalism, including [[Isaac Newton]] and [[Bernard Riemann]].

The views of many of the greatest scientists and mathematicians were within the meaning of fundamentalism, including [[Isaac Newton]] and [[Bernard Riemann]].

Although fundamentalism has a specific meaning within Protestantism regarding doctrine and practice, the term itself is sometimes used in a pejorative way today by [[liberal]] bigots to describe any Christian individual or group disagreeing with how it perceives Christianity should believe and act.

In the late 1950s, the movement split between evangelicals such as [[Billy Graham]] (1918-2018) and fundamentalists led by [[John R. Rice]] (1895-1980). In the 1920s, fundamentalism was inclusive and involved a diverse set of denominations. In contrast, Rice was a separatist and an [[Independent Baptist]]. Although anti-Catholicism had been a core fundamentalist principle, [[Jerry Falwell]] (1933–2007), a protégé of Rice, united conservative Protestants and Catholics as the [[Religious Right]]. Since the retirement of Bob Jones III in 2005, the fundamentalist movement has lacked notable leadership.

 

At the outset, fundamentalism was inclusive and involved a diverse set of denominations; however, it generally held to an anti-Catholicism viewpoint.  However, by the late 1950s, the [[evangelical]] camp split from what is today considered fundamentalism.  Evangelicals such as [[Billy Graham]] (1918-2018) wanted to continue working with anyone, regardless of denomination, who agreed with the basic tenets of Christianity, while fundamentalists such [[John R. Rice]] (1895-1980) insisted on separatism from other denominations (leading in large part to the [[Independent Baptist]] movement.

 

With many of the prominent names of fundamentalism either having passed away (e.g. Jack Hyles), retired (e.g. Bob Jones III), or moving into the evangelical camp (e.g. Jerry Falwell), in more recent years the fundamentalist movement has lacked notable leadership.

===Name===

===Name===

</blockquote>

</blockquote>

The term is derived from ''The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth''. This was a series of twelve pamphlets published between 1910 and 1915 that critiqued Modernist interpretations of Scripture. The movement was generally called "evangelism" until 1919, when the World's Christian Fundamentals Association was formed.

The name comes from a series of pamphlets entitled ''The Fundamentals'' that were published between 1910 and 1915.<ref name=IFTSAE>"[http://www.wheaton.edu/isae/defining-evangelicalism/fundamentalism Fundamentalism]”, Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals</ref><ref name=TheFundamentals>[http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%201.pdf The Fundamentals A Testimony to the Truth (1910-1915) <br>—Volume One], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%202.pdf Volume Two], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%203.pdf Volume Three], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%204.pdf Volume Four].</ref>

 

The movement was generally called "evangelism" until 1919, when the World's Christian Fundamentals Association was formed.

== Birth of the Fundamentalist Movement ==

== Birth of the Fundamentalist Movement ==