Changes

About 840AD the Celtic King Kenneth I (reigned 843-58) united the tribal Picts and the Scots and formed a kingdom in central Scotland.  Later kings expanded the realm to include Strathclyde and Lothian.  This Celtic monarchy lasted until Macbeth's bloody reign ended (1057); he was killed and replaced by Malcolm III. Under Malcolm and his successors, especially King David I (reigned 1124–53), Scotland became an organized feudal state.

About 840AD the Celtic King Kenneth I (reigned 843-58) united the tribal Picts and the Scots and formed a kingdom in central Scotland.  Later kings expanded the realm to include Strathclyde and Lothian.  This Celtic monarchy lasted until Macbeth's bloody reign ended (1057); he was killed and replaced by Malcolm III. Under Malcolm and his successors, especially King David I (reigned 1124–53), Scotland became an organized feudal state.

==Wars with England===

===Wars with England===

The First Scottish War of Independence, Scotland had to fight against the Kingdom of England and was a defining part of its history. William Wallace defeated English armies in 1297 at the Battle of Sterling Bridge.  The war continued and English forces defeated the Scottish Army at the Battle of Falkirk, but they could not subdue all of Scotland.  There was a truce in 1304 after the fall of Stirling Castle.  Later, in 1314, Robert Bruce defeated and pushed the English out of Scotland at the Battle of Bannockburn.

The First Scottish War of Independence, Scotland had to fight against the Kingdom of England and was a defining part of its history. William Wallace defeated English armies in 1297 at the Battle of Sterling Bridge.  The war continued and English forces defeated the Scottish Army at the Battle of Falkirk, but they could not subdue all of Scotland.  There was a truce in 1304 after the fall of Stirling Castle.  Later, in 1314, Robert Bruce defeated and pushed the English out of Scotland at the Battle of Bannockburn.