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→Atheist indoctrination in the Soviet Union and its limited effectiveness
Finally, scientific atheism offered rituals, ceremonies, and the promise of a utopian society as a direct alternative to religious offerings. The most generous estimates of atheistic belief show that less than one-quarter of Russians were atheists and this number dramatically drops to around 5 percent of the population after the fall of communism. In other words, scientific atheism was surprisingly unsuccessful when one considers all its competitive advantages.<ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.656.7922&rep=rep1&type=pdf Forced Secularization in Soviet Russia: Why an Atheistic Monopoly Failed] by Paul Froese, ''Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion''</ref>}}
Finally, scientific atheism offered rituals, ceremonies, and the promise of a utopian society as a direct alternative to religious offerings. The most generous estimates of atheistic belief show that less than one-quarter of Russians were atheists and this number dramatically drops to around 5 percent of the population after the fall of communism. In other words, scientific atheism was surprisingly unsuccessful when one considers all its competitive advantages.<ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.656.7922&rep=rep1&type=pdf Forced Secularization in Soviet Russia: Why an Atheistic Monopoly Failed] by Paul Froese, ''Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion''</ref>}}
After the fall of the Soviet Union there was a religious resurgence (see: [[Collapse of atheism in the former Soviet Union]]).
== Effects ==
== Effects ==