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Created page with "{{Night Sky | image = | designation =ζ Sco<br/>ζ Scorpii<br/>HD 152236 | rightascension =16<sup>h</sup> 53<sup>m</sup> 59.7270<sup>s</sup><ref name=simbad>{{c..."
{{Night Sky
| image =
| designation =ζ Sco<br/>ζ Scorpii<br/>HD 152236
| rightascension =16<sup>h</sup> 53<sup>m</sup> 59.7270<sup>s</sup><ref name=simbad>{{cite web|url=https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HD+152236&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id|title=HD 152236|accessdate=2019-08-30|work=Simbad Astronomical Database|publisher=simbad.u-strasbg.fr}}</ref><ref name=vizie>Gaia Colaboration. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018). (2018). ''VizieR Online Data Catalog''. {{Bibcode|2018yCat.1345....0G}}</ref>
| declination =-42° 21′ 43.3137″<ref name=simbad/><ref name=vizie/>
| distance =2,600 ly<ref name=constellation-guide>{{cite web|url=https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/|title=Scorpius Constellation|accessdate=2019-08-30}}</ref>
| constellation =Scorpius
| type =Hypergiant star
| dimensions =
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: 4.705<ref name=constellation-guide/><br/>Absolute Mag: -8.5
| redshift =
| radvelocity =-26.00±0.8 km/s<ref name=simbad/><ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Gontcharov |first1=G. A.
|display-authors=1
|title=Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system
|journal=Astronomy Letters
|volume=32
|issue=11|page=759-771|date=2006
|doi=10.1134/S1063773706110065
|bibcode=2006AstL...32..759G
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1606.08053}}
</ref>
| propmotion =RA: 0.009 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><ref name=vizie/><br/>Dec.: -2.939 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><ref name=vizie/>
| parallax =0.7131±0.2420 mas<ref name=simbad/><ref name=vizie/>
}}
'''Zeta Scorpii''' (ζ Sco, ζ Scorpii, HD 152236) is a [[Bayer designation]] shared by two stars in the [[constellation]] of [[Scorpius]].<ref name=constellation-guide/>Zeta-1 Scorpii is a [[hypergiant|hypergiant star]] whereas Zeta-2 Scorpii is a [[giant star]]. Although these stars appear only 7 [[arcminute]]s apart in the night sky, they only form a [[binary star|visual binary]], meaning they only appear to be close to one another as they lie along the same line of sight. In fact, Zeta-1 Scorpii is 40 times further away than Zeta-2 Scorpii.<ref name=illinois>{{cite web|url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/zeta1sco.html|title=ZETA-1 SCO|accessdate=2019-08-30|author=Jim Kaler|publisher=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu|work=Stars}}</ref> The star Zeta-1 Scorpii is one of the most luminous stars known, thought to be nearly a million times brighter than the [[Sun]]. This article discusses Zeta-1 Scorpii unless explicitly said.
==Properties and Structure==
Zeta-1 Scorpii (sometimes written as ζ<sup>1</sup> Scorpii) is a B type [[hypergiant star]] and part of the [[open cluster]] NGC&nsbp6231.<ref name=wikivisually>{{cite web|url=https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Zeta1_Scorpii|title=Zeta<sup>1</sup> Scorpii|accessdate=2019-08-30}}</ref> It is also a candidate [[variable star|luminous blue variable star]]. The star's surface is incredibly hot with a temperature of 21,000 kelvin.<ref name=illinois/> Unsurprisingly for a hypergiant star, it it truly massive; it is thought to have a mass of 36 [[solar mass]]es though some sources place it at 60) and radius 103 times that of the Sun.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Clark |first1=J. S.
|last2=Najarro |first2=F.
|last3=Negueruela |first3=I.
|last4=Ritchie |first4=B. W.
|last5=Urbaneja |first5=M. A.
|last6=Howarth |first6=I. D.
|display-authors=3
|title=On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants
|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
|volume=541
|issue=A145|date=2010
|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201117472
|bibcode=2012A&A...541A.145C
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1202.3991}}
</ref><ref name=illinois/><ref name=Naze>
{{cite journal
|last1=Nazé |first1=Y.
|last2=Rauw |first2=G.
|last3=Hutsemékers |first3=D.
|display-authors=3
|title=The first X-ray survey of Galactic luminous blue variables
|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
|volume=538
|issue=|page=|date=2010
|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201118040
|bibcode=2012A&A...538A..47N
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1111.6375}}
</ref> This large temperature and size means the star's luminosity is 850,000 times that of the Sun.<ref name=Naze/> Large dust clouds situated in between Zeta-1 Scorpii and [[Earth]] attenuate its great luminosity so it only appears as a fourth magnitude star.<ref name=wikivisually/> These are also thought to change the color to be a dull yellow.
The star is shedding large amounts of material in the form of a [[stellar wind]]. It is estimated at around 1.55×10<sup>−6</sup> of a solar mass each and every year.<ref name=Naze/>
===Zeta-2 Scorpii===
Zeta-2 Scorpii is a K type [[giant star]] lying closer than Zeta-1 Scorpii at only 151 light years.<ref name=constellation-guide/> It is smaller than Zeta-1 Scorpii but is brighter with a magnitude that varies between 3.59 and 3.65. This corresponds to an absolute magnitude of around 0.3. It is smaller with a mass of 1.19 solar masses and a radius 21 times larger than the Sun.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=da Silva |first1=L.
|last2=Girardi |first2=L.
|last3=Pasquini |first3=L.
|last4=Setiawan |first4=J.
|last5=von der Lühe |first5=O.
|last6=de Medeiros |first6=J. R.
|last7=Hatzes |first7=A.
|last8=Döllinger |first8=M. P.
|last9=Weiss |first9=A.
|display-authors=3
|title=Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars
|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume=458
|issue=2|page=609–623|date=2006
|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065105
|bibcode=2006A&A...458..609D
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|astro-ph/0608160}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Stars}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Stars]]
| image =
| designation =ζ Sco<br/>ζ Scorpii<br/>HD 152236
| rightascension =16<sup>h</sup> 53<sup>m</sup> 59.7270<sup>s</sup><ref name=simbad>{{cite web|url=https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HD+152236&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id|title=HD 152236|accessdate=2019-08-30|work=Simbad Astronomical Database|publisher=simbad.u-strasbg.fr}}</ref><ref name=vizie>Gaia Colaboration. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018). (2018). ''VizieR Online Data Catalog''. {{Bibcode|2018yCat.1345....0G}}</ref>
| declination =-42° 21′ 43.3137″<ref name=simbad/><ref name=vizie/>
| distance =2,600 ly<ref name=constellation-guide>{{cite web|url=https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/|title=Scorpius Constellation|accessdate=2019-08-30}}</ref>
| constellation =Scorpius
| type =Hypergiant star
| dimensions =
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: 4.705<ref name=constellation-guide/><br/>Absolute Mag: -8.5
| redshift =
| radvelocity =-26.00±0.8 km/s<ref name=simbad/><ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Gontcharov |first1=G. A.
|display-authors=1
|title=Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system
|journal=Astronomy Letters
|volume=32
|issue=11|page=759-771|date=2006
|doi=10.1134/S1063773706110065
|bibcode=2006AstL...32..759G
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1606.08053}}
</ref>
| propmotion =RA: 0.009 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><ref name=vizie/><br/>Dec.: -2.939 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><ref name=vizie/>
| parallax =0.7131±0.2420 mas<ref name=simbad/><ref name=vizie/>
}}
'''Zeta Scorpii''' (ζ Sco, ζ Scorpii, HD 152236) is a [[Bayer designation]] shared by two stars in the [[constellation]] of [[Scorpius]].<ref name=constellation-guide/>Zeta-1 Scorpii is a [[hypergiant|hypergiant star]] whereas Zeta-2 Scorpii is a [[giant star]]. Although these stars appear only 7 [[arcminute]]s apart in the night sky, they only form a [[binary star|visual binary]], meaning they only appear to be close to one another as they lie along the same line of sight. In fact, Zeta-1 Scorpii is 40 times further away than Zeta-2 Scorpii.<ref name=illinois>{{cite web|url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/zeta1sco.html|title=ZETA-1 SCO|accessdate=2019-08-30|author=Jim Kaler|publisher=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu|work=Stars}}</ref> The star Zeta-1 Scorpii is one of the most luminous stars known, thought to be nearly a million times brighter than the [[Sun]]. This article discusses Zeta-1 Scorpii unless explicitly said.
==Properties and Structure==
Zeta-1 Scorpii (sometimes written as ζ<sup>1</sup> Scorpii) is a B type [[hypergiant star]] and part of the [[open cluster]] NGC&nsbp6231.<ref name=wikivisually>{{cite web|url=https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Zeta1_Scorpii|title=Zeta<sup>1</sup> Scorpii|accessdate=2019-08-30}}</ref> It is also a candidate [[variable star|luminous blue variable star]]. The star's surface is incredibly hot with a temperature of 21,000 kelvin.<ref name=illinois/> Unsurprisingly for a hypergiant star, it it truly massive; it is thought to have a mass of 36 [[solar mass]]es though some sources place it at 60) and radius 103 times that of the Sun.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Clark |first1=J. S.
|last2=Najarro |first2=F.
|last3=Negueruela |first3=I.
|last4=Ritchie |first4=B. W.
|last5=Urbaneja |first5=M. A.
|last6=Howarth |first6=I. D.
|display-authors=3
|title=On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants
|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
|volume=541
|issue=A145|date=2010
|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201117472
|bibcode=2012A&A...541A.145C
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1202.3991}}
</ref><ref name=illinois/><ref name=Naze>
{{cite journal
|last1=Nazé |first1=Y.
|last2=Rauw |first2=G.
|last3=Hutsemékers |first3=D.
|display-authors=3
|title=The first X-ray survey of Galactic luminous blue variables
|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
|volume=538
|issue=|page=|date=2010
|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201118040
|bibcode=2012A&A...538A..47N
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1111.6375}}
</ref> This large temperature and size means the star's luminosity is 850,000 times that of the Sun.<ref name=Naze/> Large dust clouds situated in between Zeta-1 Scorpii and [[Earth]] attenuate its great luminosity so it only appears as a fourth magnitude star.<ref name=wikivisually/> These are also thought to change the color to be a dull yellow.
The star is shedding large amounts of material in the form of a [[stellar wind]]. It is estimated at around 1.55×10<sup>−6</sup> of a solar mass each and every year.<ref name=Naze/>
===Zeta-2 Scorpii===
Zeta-2 Scorpii is a K type [[giant star]] lying closer than Zeta-1 Scorpii at only 151 light years.<ref name=constellation-guide/> It is smaller than Zeta-1 Scorpii but is brighter with a magnitude that varies between 3.59 and 3.65. This corresponds to an absolute magnitude of around 0.3. It is smaller with a mass of 1.19 solar masses and a radius 21 times larger than the Sun.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=da Silva |first1=L.
|last2=Girardi |first2=L.
|last3=Pasquini |first3=L.
|last4=Setiawan |first4=J.
|last5=von der Lühe |first5=O.
|last6=de Medeiros |first6=J. R.
|last7=Hatzes |first7=A.
|last8=Döllinger |first8=M. P.
|last9=Weiss |first9=A.
|display-authors=3
|title=Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars
|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume=458
|issue=2|page=609–623|date=2006
|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065105
|bibcode=2006A&A...458..609D
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|astro-ph/0608160}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Stars}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Stars]]