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'''John D. Rockefeller''' (John Davison Rockefeller, Sr.) (1839 – 1937) was a leading American industrialist, financier, philanthropist and founder of a powerful family of bankers and politicians.  He revolutionized the oil industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. He was one of the two or three most prominent businessmen and philanthropists of the [[Progressive Era]], and captured its spirit of [[Efficiency movement|efficiency]].  From childhood, Rockefeller strongly believed that his purpose in life was to make as much money as possible, and then to use it wisely to improve the lot of mankind. In 1862, Rockefeller founded the [[Standard Oil Company]] and ran it until he retired in the late 1890s. He kept his stock and as gasoline grew in importance, his wealth soared and he became the world's richest man and first billionaire.

'''John D. Rockefeller''' (John Davison Rockefeller, Sr.) (1839 – 1937) was a leading American industrialist, financier, philanthropist and founder of a powerful family of bankers and politicians.  He revolutionized the oil industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. He was one of the two or three most prominent businessmen and philanthropists of the [[Progressive Era]], and captured its spirit of [[Efficiency movement|efficiency]].  From childhood, Rockefeller strongly believed that his purpose in life was to make as much money as possible, and then to use it wisely to improve the lot of mankind. In 1862, Rockefeller founded the [[Standard Oil Company]] and ran it until he retired in the late 1890s. He kept his stock and as gasoline grew in importance, his wealth soared and he became the world's richest man and first billionaire.

Hre was the target of multiple vicious attacks from the left, before and after Standard Oil was convicted in federal court of criminal monopolistic practices and broken up in 1911.  Rockefeller spent the last forty years of his life creating the modern systematic approach of targeted philanthropy, creating foundations that had a major impact on medicine, education, and scientific research.  His foundations pioneered the development of medical research, and was instrumental in the eradication of hookworm and yellow fever. He was a devout Northern Baptist and supported many church-based institutions throughout his life, most notably the University of Chicago

Hre was the target of multiple vicious attacks from the left, before and after Standard Oil was convicted in federal court of criminal monopolistic practices and broken up in 1911.  Rockefeller spent the last forty years of his life creating the modern systematic approach of targeted philanthropy, creating foundations that had a major impact on medicine, education, and scientific research.  His foundations pioneered the development of medical research, and was instrumental in the eradication of hookworm and yellow fever. He was a devout Northern Baptist and supported many church-based institutions throughout his life, most notably the University of Chicago.

== Biography ==

== Biography ==

In 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States held that Standard Oil, which by then still had a 64% market share, originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies.  These included, among many others, Continental Oil, which became Conoco; Standard of Indiana, which became Amoco; Standard of California, which became Chevron; Standard of New Jersey, which became Exxon; Standard of New York, which became Mobil; and Standard of Ohio, which became Sohio.  Rockefeller, who had rarely sold shares, owned stock in all of them.

In 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States held that Standard Oil, which by then still had a 64% market share, originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies.  These included, among many others, Continental Oil, which became Conoco; Standard of Indiana, which became Amoco; Standard of California, which became Chevron; Standard of New Jersey, which became Exxon; Standard of New York, which became Mobil; and Standard of Ohio, which became Sohio.  Rockefeller, who had rarely sold shares, owned stock in all of them.

===Philanthropy===

===Philanthropy===