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In contrast to misled, sincere reasoners and apologists, deliberately deceitful political [[demagogue]]s, [[charlatan]]s, [[scam|con artist]]s, and many merchants and salespeople are all specious [[Lie|liars]]. See [[Marketing|marketing strategy]] and [[advertising]].

In contrast to misled, sincere reasoners and apologists, deliberately deceitful political [[demagogue]]s, [[charlatan]]s, [[scam|con artist]]s, and many merchants and salespeople are all specious [[Lie|liars]]. See [[Marketing|marketing strategy]] and [[advertising]].

The only defense against specious reasoning is good [[common sense]], established [[Health|physical, mental and emotional health]], [[Experience|personal mature judgment]] and knowledge of [[human nature]], an [Objectivity|objective]] standard of external [[Truth (logic)|truth]], a full and independent impartial [[Evidence|examination of claims]] presented for acceptance, and a well-ordered understanding of the subject based on thorough [[research]] and the [[testimony]] of proven [[expert]]s, and one's own personal [[Understanding|knowledge and experience]] in that particular field of [[knowledge]].

The only defense against specious reasoning is good [[common sense]], established [[Health|physical, mental and emotional health]], [[Experience|personal mature judgment]] and knowledge of [[human nature]], an [[Objectivity|objective]] standard of external [[Truth (logic)|truth]], a full and independent impartial [[Evidence|examination of claims]] presented for acceptance, and a well-ordered understanding of the subject based on thorough [[research]] and the [[testimony]] of proven [[expert]]s, and one's own personal [[Understanding|knowledge and experience]] in that particular field of [[knowledge]].

==See also==

==See also==