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'''Herbert David Croly''', (January 23, 1869 - May 17, 1930) a leader of the [[Progressive Movement]]<ref name=apostle>{{cite web |last1=Pearson |first1=Sidney |url=https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/03/herbert-croly-progressive-apostle |title=Herbert D. Croly: Apostle of Progressivism |work=[[Heritage Foundation]] |date=March 14, 2013 }}</ref> as an editor, and political philosopher and a co-founder of the magazine [[The New Republic]]. His book, ''[[The Promise of American Life]]'' (1909) looked to the conservative spirit of effective government as espoused by [[Alexander Hamilton]], combined with the democracy of [[Thomas Jefferson]]. The book was one of the most influential books in American political history, shaping the ideas of many Progressives such as [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. It also influenced the later [[New Deal]]. Calling themselves "the new nationalists" Croly and Walter Weyl sought to remedy the relatively weak national institutions with a strong federal government. He actively promoted a strong army and navy and attacked pacifists who thought democracy at home and peace abroad was best served by keeping America weak.

'''Herbert David Croly''', (January 23, 1869 – May 17, 1930) a leader of the [[Progressive Movement]]<ref name=apostle>{{cite web |last1=Pearson |first1=Sidney |url=https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/03/herbert-croly-progressive-apostle |title=Herbert D. Croly: Apostle of Progressivism |work=[[Heritage Foundation]] |date=March 14, 2013 }}</ref> as an editor, and political philosopher and a co-founder of the magazine [[The New Republic]]. His book, ''[[The Promise of American Life]]'' (1909) looked to the conservative spirit of effective government as espoused by [[Alexander Hamilton]], combined with the democracy of [[Thomas Jefferson]]. The book was one of the most influential books in American political history, shaping the ideas of many Progressives such as [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. It also influenced the later [[New Deal]]. Calling themselves "the new nationalists" Croly and Walter Weyl sought to remedy the relatively weak national institutions with a strong federal government. He actively promoted a strong army and navy and attacked pacifists who thought democracy at home and peace abroad was best served by keeping America weak.

In his 1914 book ''Progressive Democracy,'' Croly contested the thesis that the liberal tradition in the United States was inhospitable to anticapitalist alternatives. He drew from the American past a history of resistance to capitalist wage relations that was fundamentally liberal, and he reclaimed an idea that Progressives had allowed to lapse - that working for wages was a lesser form of liberty. Increasingly skeptical of the capacity of social welfare legislation to remedy social ills, Croly argued that America's liberal promise could be redeemed only by syndicalist reforms involving workplace democracy. O'Leary (1994) shows his liberal goals were subordinate to his commitment to [[republicanism]].

In his 1914 book ''Progressive Democracy,'' Croly contested the thesis that the liberal tradition in the United States was inhospitable to anti-capitalist alternatives. He drew from the American past a history of resistance to capitalist wage relations that was fundamentally liberal, and he reclaimed an idea that Progressives had allowed to lapse - that working for wages was a lesser form of liberty. Increasingly skeptical of the capacity of social welfare legislation to remedy social ills, Croly argued that America's liberal promise could be redeemed only by syndicalist reforms involving workplace democracy. O'Leary (1994) shows his liberal goals were subordinate to his commitment to [[republicanism]].

==Early life==

==Early life==

==Rights==

==Rights==

Croly called for the adoption of Hamiltonian means to achieve Jeffersonian ends. To achieve this synthesis, however, Croly rejected Hamilton's arguments for institutional checks on a pure national democracy, and Jefferson's arguments for limited government. Croly rejected these limits because he saw them as too closely tied to the doctrine of individual rights, and he believed state power should come in front of individual rights.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=33uupwdgNLgC&pg=PA110 The American State from the Civil War to the New Deal: The Twilight of Constitutionalism and the Triumph of Progressivism]</ref> Croly wanted to transcend the doctrine of individual rights in order to create a national political community, one that would be forged by a strong but democratic national government. Howewer, Croly failed to see the connection between Jefferson's belief in democracy and his belief in limited government, and he failed to see the connection between Hamilton's belief in a strong national government and his call for institutional checks on democracy. Thus, although many American reform movements have their roots in the rhetoric of Croly's progressivism, to be effective they have had to accommodate the principles of liberal individualism that Croly wished to eradicate.<ref>David K. Nichols, "The Promise of Progressivism: Herbert Croly and the Progressive Rejection of Individual Rights" ''Publius'' 1987 17(2): 27-39</ref>

Croly called for the adoption of Hamiltonian means to achieve Jeffersonian ends. To achieve this synthesis, however, Croly rejected Hamilton's arguments for institutional checks on a pure national democracy, and Jefferson's arguments for limited government. Croly rejected these limits because he saw them as too closely tied to the doctrine of individual rights, and he believed state power should come in front of individual rights.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=33uupwdgNLgC&pg=PA110 The American State from the Civil War to the New Deal: The Twilight of Constitutionalism and the Triumph of Progressivism]</ref> Croly wanted to transcend the doctrine of individual rights in order to create a national political community, one that would be forged by a strong but democratic national government. However, Croly failed to see the connection between Jefferson's belief in democracy and his belief in limited government, and he failed to see the connection between Hamilton's belief in a strong national government and his call for institutional checks on democracy. Thus, although many American reform movements have their roots in the rhetoric of Croly's progressivism, to be effective they have had to accommodate the principles of liberal individualism that Croly wished to eradicate.<ref>David K. Nichols, "The Promise of Progressivism: Herbert Croly and the Progressive Rejection of Individual Rights" ''Publius'' 1987 17(2): 27-39</ref>

==Influence==

==Influence==

==Death and Legacy==

==Death and Legacy==

Croly's influence on progressive ideology was far reaching.  He passed away in Santa Barbara, California on May 17, 1930.<ref name=apostle />  Despite this, many historians believe that he also influenced the [[New Deal]], in addition to his aforesaid influence upon [[FDR]]'s fifth cousin Theodore.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vC5HJloBWugC&pg=PR6 The Politics of Upheaval: 1935-1936, the Age of Roosevelt, Volume III], [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]]</ref>

Croly's influence on progressive ideology was far-reaching.  He passed away in Santa Barbara, California on May 17, 1930.<ref name=apostle />  Despite this, many historians believe that he also influenced the [[New Deal]], in addition to his aforesaid influence upon [[FDR]]'s fifth cousin Theodore.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vC5HJloBWugC&pg=PR6 The Politics of Upheaval: 1935-1936, the Age of Roosevelt, Volume III], [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]]</ref>

==Later Revisionism==

==Later Revisionism==

==References==

==References==

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==External links==

==External links==

[[Category:Progressive Era]]

[[Category:Progressive Era]]