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===Great historical figures===

===Great historical figures===

[[Icon]]ic representatives or [[exemplar]]s of [[art]], [[music]], [[history]], [[literature]], [[medicine]], [[science]], [[philosophy]], [[government]] and [[religion]] are held in awe and great respect, even reverence (''dulia''), for their achievements, and their contributions to human [[knowledge]] and [[civilization]]. Many of them because of the phenomenon of hero worship have been raised to the level of the great figures of myth and legend and were eventually praised as gods and goddesses, because of their powerful stature among the ranks of powerful men and women.  

[[Icon]]ic representatives or exemplars of [[art]], [[music]], [[history]], [[literature]], [[medicine]], [[science]], [[philosophy]], [[government]] and [[religion]] are held in awe and great respect, even reverence (''dulia''), for their achievements, and their contributions to human [[knowledge]] and [[civilization]]. Many of them because of the phenomenon of hero worship have been raised to the level of the great figures of myth and legend and were eventually praised as gods and goddesses, because of their powerful stature among the ranks of powerful men and women.  

[[Joseph Campbell]] <ref>Joseph Campbell, author of works on comparative mythology, including ''The Masks of God; The Hero With a Thousand Faces; The Power of Myth''. See online biography and list of works at [https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/20105.Joseph_Campbell Joseph Campbell - Good Reads (goodreads.com)]</ref> and Sir James George Frazer <ref>Sir James George Frazer, ''The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion'' 1890. See online biography and list of works at [https://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/james-george-frazer James George Frazer - The Gifford Lectures (giffordlectures.org)]</ref> have written influential works dealing with the genre of [[folklore]], comparative [[mythology]] and [[comparative religion]], in which they established as a reasonable [[hypothesis]] that behind every long-established myth and legend, from out of the depths of antiquity, is most probably some dimly discerned basis in actual historical reality.  

[[Joseph Campbell]] <ref>Joseph Campbell, author of works on comparative mythology, including ''The Masks of God; The Hero With a Thousand Faces; The Power of Myth''. See online biography and list of works at [https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/20105.Joseph_Campbell Joseph Campbell - Good Reads (goodreads.com)]</ref> and Sir James George Frazer <ref>Sir James George Frazer, ''The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion'' 1890. See online biography and list of works at [https://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/james-george-frazer James George Frazer - The Gifford Lectures (giffordlectures.org)]</ref> have written influential works dealing with the genre of [[folklore]], comparative [[mythology]] and [[comparative religion]], in which they established as a reasonable [[hypothesis]] that behind every long-established myth and legend, from out of the depths of antiquity, is most probably some dimly discerned basis in actual historical reality.  

Among these are the founders of races, peoples, cultures, agriculture, civilizations, nations, ruling dynasties, religions, sects, cults, temples, schools of mysteries, philosophies, engineering and design, mathematics, chemistry, anatomy, navigation, military strategy, geography and historiography.

Among these are the founders and heads of races, peoples, cultures, agriculture, civilizations, nations, ruling dynasties, religions, churches, sects, cults, temples, schools of mysteries, philosophies, engineering and design, mathematics, chemistry, anatomy, navigation, military strategy, geography and historiography.

The Old Testament [[Deuterocanonicals|deuterocanonical]] [[Book of Wisdom]] finds the beginning of idol worship in the seed of hero worship by the people of the son of an ancient king and the king's grief over his son's death, in chapter 14 verses 12 through 30, inevitably ending finally in corrupt superstitious evil practices of adultery, infanticide, perjury and deceit as its fruit''':''' <ref>See full context Wisdom 12–15; also Isaiah 17:8; 44:9-20; Romans 1:18-32.</ref>{{cquote|12 For the devising of idols was the beginning of ''spiritual'' fornication, and the invention of them the corruption of life.<br>13 For neither were they from the beginning, neither shall they be for ever.<br>14 For by the vain glory of men they entered into the world, and therefore shall they come shortly to an end.<br>15 For a father afflicted with untimely mourning, when he hath made an image of his child soon taken away, not honoured him as a god, which was then a dead man, and delivered to those that were under him ceremonies and sacrifices.<br>16 Thus in process of time an unglodly custom grown strong was kept as a law, and graven images were worshipped by the commandments of kings.<br>17 Whom men could not honour in presence, because they dwelt far off, they took the counterfeit of his visage from far, and made an express image of a king whom they honoured, to the end that by this their forwardness they might flatter him that was absent, as if he were present.<br> 18 Also the singular diligence of the artificer did help to set forward the ignorant to more superstition.<br>19 For he, peradventure, willing to please one in authority, forced all his skill to make the resemblance of the best fashion.<br>20 And so the multitude, allured by the grace of the work, took him now for a god, which a little before was but honoured as a man.<br>21 And this was an occasion to deceive the world: for men, serving either calamity or tyranny, did ascribe unto stones and stocks the incommunicable name.<br>22 Moreover, this was not enough for them, that they erred in the knowledge of God: but whereas they lived in the great war of ignorance, those so great plagues called they peace.<br>23 For whilst they slew their children in sacrifices, or used secret ceremonies, or made revellings of strange rites:<br>24 They kept neither lives nor marriages any longer undefiled: but either one slew another traitorously, or grieved him by adultery.<br>25 So that there reigned in all men without exception, blood, manslaughter, theft, and dissimulation, corruption, unfaithfulness, tumults, perjury,<br>26 Disquieting of good men, forgetfulness of good turns, defiling of souls, changing of kind, disorder in marriages, adultery, and shameless uncleanness.<br>27 For the worshipping of idols not to be named is the beginning, the cause, and the end, of all evil.<br>28 For either they are mad when they be merry, or prophesy lies, or live unjustly, or else lightly forswear themselves.<br>29 For insomuch as their trust is in idols which have no life; though they swear falsely, yet they look not to be hurt.<br>30 Howbeit, for both causes shall they be justly punished: both because they thought not well of God, giving heed unto idols, and also unjustly swore in deceit, despising holiness. <br>(Wisdom 14:12-30, King James Version, ''in the public domain'')<ref>King James [[Apocrypha]]</ref>}}

The Old Testament [[Deuterocanonicals|deuterocanonical]] [[Book of Wisdom]] finds the beginning of idol worship in the seed of hero worship by the people of the son of an ancient king and the king's grief over his son's death, in chapter 14 verses 12 through 30, inevitably ending finally in corrupt superstitious evil practices of adultery, infanticide, perjury and deceit as its fruit''':''' <ref>See full context Wisdom 12–15; also Isaiah 17:8; 44:9-20; Romans 1:18-32.</ref>{{cquote|12 For the devising of idols was the beginning of ''spiritual'' fornication, and the invention of them the corruption of life.<br>13 For neither were they from the beginning, neither shall they be for ever.<br>14 For by the vain glory of men they entered into the world, and therefore shall they come shortly to an end.<br>15 For a father afflicted with untimely mourning, when he hath made an image of his child soon taken away, not honoured him as a god, which was then a dead man, and delivered to those that were under him ceremonies and sacrifices.<br>16 Thus in process of time an unglodly custom grown strong was kept as a law, and graven images were worshipped by the commandments of kings.<br>17 Whom men could not honour in presence, because they dwelt far off, they took the counterfeit of his visage from far, and made an express image of a king whom they honoured, to the end that by this their forwardness they might flatter him that was absent, as if he were present.<br> 18 Also the singular diligence of the artificer did help to set forward the ignorant to more superstition.<br>19 For he, peradventure, willing to please one in authority, forced all his skill to make the resemblance of the best fashion.<br>20 And so the multitude, allured by the grace of the work, took him now for a god, which a little before was but honoured as a man.<br>21 And this was an occasion to deceive the world: for men, serving either calamity or tyranny, did ascribe unto stones and stocks the incommunicable name.<br>22 Moreover, this was not enough for them, that they erred in the knowledge of God: but whereas they lived in the great war of ignorance, those so great plagues called they peace.<br>23 For whilst they slew their children in sacrifices, or used secret ceremonies, or made revellings of strange rites:<br>24 They kept neither lives nor marriages any longer undefiled: but either one slew another traitorously, or grieved him by adultery.<br>25 So that there reigned in all men without exception, blood, manslaughter, theft, and dissimulation, corruption, unfaithfulness, tumults, perjury,<br>26 Disquieting of good men, forgetfulness of good turns, defiling of souls, changing of kind, disorder in marriages, adultery, and shameless uncleanness.<br>27 For the worshipping of idols not to be named is the beginning, the cause, and the end, of all evil.<br>28 For either they are mad when they be merry, or prophesy lies, or live unjustly, or else lightly forswear themselves.<br>29 For insomuch as their trust is in idols which have no life; though they swear falsely, yet they look not to be hurt.<br>30 Howbeit, for both causes shall they be justly punished: both because they thought not well of God, giving heed unto idols, and also unjustly swore in deceit, despising holiness. <br>(Wisdom 14:12-30, King James Version, ''in the public domain'')<ref>King James [[Apocrypha]]</ref>}}