Changes

The Soviet stance was supported by Soviet-friendly journalists in the [[Western world|West]], such as [[Walter Duranty]] and [[Louis Fischer]].  Today, Holodomor denial continues to exist among [[leftist]] fringe writers and pseudo-scholars. It is not supported by serious academic scholars.   

The Soviet stance was supported by Soviet-friendly journalists in the [[Western world|West]], such as [[Walter Duranty]] and [[Louis Fischer]].  Today, Holodomor denial continues to exist among [[leftist]] fringe writers and pseudo-scholars. It is not supported by serious academic scholars.   

In 1997 the Soviet Union finally acknowledged the Holodomor. In November 2006, the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian Parliament]] passed a bill branding the Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.<ref>Jan Maksymiuk, [http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/11/03ac02a4-6e3a-481b-8932-fafd4c13abab.html "Ukraine: Parliament Recognizes Soviet-Era Famine As Genocide"], ''[[Radio Free Europe|RFE/RL]]'', November 29, 2006</ref>  In November 2007, the government of [[Ukraine]] tabled a law which would make public statements of both Holodomor and [[Holocaust denial]] illegal acts in Ukraine.

In 1997 Russia, several years after the collapse of the USSR, finally acknowledged the Holodomor. In November 2006, the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian Parliament]] passed a bill branding the Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.<ref>Jan Maksymiuk, [http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/11/03ac02a4-6e3a-481b-8932-fafd4c13abab.html "Ukraine: Parliament Recognizes Soviet-Era Famine As Genocide"], ''[[Radio Free Europe|RFE/RL]]'', November 29, 2006</ref>  In November 2007, the government of [[Ukraine]] tabled a law which would make public statements of both Holodomor and [[Holocaust denial]] illegal acts in Ukraine.

==Soviet Union==

==Soviet Union==

===Initial cover-up during the famine===

===Initial cover-up during the famine===

The Soviet leadership undertook extensive efforts to prevent the spread of any information about the Holodomor. State communications about the famine were kept a [[top secret]]. [[Joseph Stalin]] and [[Vyacheslav Molotov]] sent a telegram to the party and provincial police chiefs requiring that Ukrainian peasants going north to [[Russia]] to seek bread were to be stopped.<ref name="Expectation 2004 page 102">[[Robert Conquest]] ''The Dragons of Expectation. Reality and Delusion in the Course of History'', W.W. Norton and Company (2004), ISBN 0-393-05933-2, page 102.</ref>  The telegram blamed the influx of peasants on [[Poland|Polish]] agents, who allegedly wanted to start a famine scare.  [[State Political Directorate|OGPU]] chairman [[Genrikh Yagoda]] reported that over two hundred thousands peasants had been sent back.  The secret correspondence included a letter sent by a party official from [[Dnipropetrovsk]] where he warned that "there will be no one left" alive to sow and ensure grain production, unless some amount of grain will not be taken.  Molotov replied that the needs of the state, as "defined in party resolutions", are more important than the lives of people.<ref name="Expectation 2004 page 102"/>

The Soviet leadership undertook extensive efforts to prevent the spread of any information about the Holodomor. State communications about the famine were kept a [[top secret]]. [[Joseph Stalin]] and [[Vyacheslav Molotov]] sent a telegram to the party and provincial police chiefs requiring that Ukrainian peasants going north to [[Russia]] to seek bread were to be stopped.<ref name="Expectation 2004 page 102">[[Robert Conquest]] ''The Dragons of Expectation. Reality and Delusion in the Course of History'', W.W. Norton and Company (2004), ISBN 0-393-05933-2, page 102.</ref>  The telegram blamed the influx of peasants on [[Poland|Polish]] agents, who allegedly wanted to start a famine scare.  [[State Political Directorate|OGPU]] chairman [[Genrikh Yagoda]] reported that over two hundred thousands peasants had been sent back.  The secret correspondence included a letter sent by a party official from [[Dnipropetrovsk]] where he warned that "there will be no one left" alive to sow and ensure grain production, unless some amount of grain will not be taken.  Molotov replied that the needs of the state, as "defined in party resolutions", are more important than the lives of people.<ref name="Expectation 2004 page 102"/>

===Early years===

===Early years===

While the famine was taking place, [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] authorities denied its existence.  It was a criminal offense to mention the famine, punishable with a five-year term in the [[Gulag]] [[labor camp]]s; placing the blame on the authorities led to a death sentence.<ref name="reflections">[[Robert Conquest]] ''Reflections on a Ravaged Century'' (2000) ISBN 0-393-04818-7, p. 96</ref>

While the famine was taking place, [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] authorities denied its existence.  It was a criminal offense to mention the famine, punishable with a five-year term in the [[Gulag]] [[labor camp]]s; placing the blame on the authorities led to a death sentence.<ref name="reflections">[[Robert Conquest]] ''Reflections on a Ravaged Century'' (2000) ISBN 0-393-04818-7, p. 96</ref>

=== Official Holodomor denial by Soviet officials ===

=== Official Holodomor denial by Soviet officials ===

Soviet President [[Mikhail Kalinin]] responded to Western offers of food by telling of “political cheats who offer to help the starving Ukraine,” and commented that, “only the most decadent classes are capable of producing such cynical elements."<ref name="reflections"/><ref>[http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3513136.html How Liberals Funked It]</ref>

Soviet President [[Mikhail Kalinin]] responded to Western offers of food by telling of “political cheats who offer to help the starving Ukraine,” and commented that, “only the most decadent classes are capable of producing such cynical elements."<ref name="reflections"/><ref>[http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3513136.html How Liberals Funked It]</ref>

===The early 1980s===

===The early 1980s===

In 1983 for the first time, Holodomor remembrance was co-ordinated by the Ukrainian community worldwide. The [[Ukrainian diaspora]] exerted pressure on the media and various governments, including the governments of the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], to raise the issue of the Holodomor with the government of the Soviet Union. The United States created a Commission into the famine. The Soviet authorities predicted this commission would place the Soviet state responsible for the act.<ref name="symp">[http://www.cym.org/au/archives/Holodomor.pdf The Great Famine of 1932-33 - A Symposium], 22 October 2003, pp.4-5</ref>

In 1983 for the first time, Holodomor remembrance was co-ordinated by the Ukrainian community worldwide. The [[Ukrainian diaspora]] exerted pressure on the media and various governments, including the governments of the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], to raise the issue of the Holodomor with the government of the Soviet Union. The United States created a Commission into the famine. The Soviet authorities predicted this commission would place the Soviet state responsible for the act.<ref name="symp">[http://www.cym.org/au/archives/Holodomor.pdf The Great Famine of 1932-33 - A Symposium], 22 October 2003, pp.4-5</ref>

In an attempt to counter this, the [[Soviet government]] admitted that some peasantry died to climatic conditions mainly [[drought]].

In an attempt to counter this, the [[Soviet government]] admitted that some peasantry died to climatic conditions, mainly [[drought]].

===Glasnost and the late 1980s===

===Glasnost and the late 1980s===

The future [[President of Ukraine]], [[Leonid Kravchuk]], was charged in 1983 with finding rainfall evidence for the 1930s famine. However, Kravchuk's inquiry into the rainfalls for the 1933-1932 period found that they were within normal parameters.<ref name="Bandera">Stephen Bandera, [http://www.homin.ca/news_view.php?category=top&news=1016&lang=en "Holodomor as a source of national unity"], ''Ukrainian Echo'', February 5, 2007</ref>

The future [[President of Ukraine]], [[Leonid Kravchuk]], was charged in 1983 with finding rainfall evidence for the 1930s famine. However, Kravchuk's inquiry into the rainfalls for the 1933-1932 period found that they were within normal parameters.<ref name="Bandera">Stephen Bandera, [http://www.homin.ca/news_view.php?category=top&news=1016&lang=en "Holodomor as a source of national unity"], ''Ukrainian Echo'', February 5, 2007</ref>

==Contemporary denial outside of the USSR==

==Contemporary denial outside of the USSR==

===Walter Duranty and ''The New York Times''===

===Walter Duranty and ''The New York Times''===

One of the first Western Holodomor deniers was [[Walter Duranty]]. Duranty was the winner of the 1932 [[Pulitzer prize]] in journalism in the category of correspondence, for his dispatches on [[Russia]] and the working out of the [[Five-Year Plan (USSR)|Five Year Plan]].<ref>[http://duranty.pelech.org/duranty2003/pulitzer2003.pdf "Correspondence between Markian Pelech and the Board of the Pulitzer Prizes regarding Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize"] (December 30, 2002&ndash;April 28, 2003)</ref> While the famine was raging, he wrote in the pages of ''[[The New York Times]]'' that "Any report of a famine in Russia is today an exaggeration or malignant propaganda," and that "There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation but there is widespread mortality from diseases due to malnutrition."<ref>[[Arnold Beichman]], [https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/791vwuaz.asp ''Pulitzer-Winning Lies''], ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', June 12, 2003</ref>

One of the first Western Holodomor deniers was [[Walter Duranty]]. Duranty was the winner of the 1932 [[Pulitzer prize]] in journalism in the category of correspondence, for his dispatches on [[Russia]] and the working out of the [[Five-Year Plan (USSR)|Five Year Plan]].<ref>[http://duranty.pelech.org/duranty2003/pulitzer2003.pdf "Correspondence between Markian Pelech and the Board of the Pulitzer Prizes regarding Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize"] (December 30, 2002&ndash;April 28, 2003)</ref> While the famine was raging, he wrote in the pages of ''[[The New York Times]]'' that "Any report of a famine in Russia is today an exaggeration or malignant propaganda," and that "There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation but there is widespread mortality from diseases due to malnutrition."<ref>[[Arnold Beichman]], [https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/791vwuaz.asp ''Pulitzer-Winning Lies''], ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', June 12, 2003</ref>

===Louis Fischer and ''The Nation''===

===Louis Fischer and ''The Nation''===

 

[[Louis Fischer]], an American reporter who glossed over Soviet reality had a deep ideological commitment to [[Communism]] dating back to 1920. Fischer traveled to Ukraine in October and November 1932, for ''[[The Nation]]'', and was initially alarmed at what he saw. "In the [[Poltava]], [[Vinnitsa]], [[Podolsk]] and [[Kiev]] regions, conditions will be hard," he wrote, "I think there is no starvation anywhere in Ukraine now — after all they have just gathered in the harvest but it was a bad harvest."

[[Louis Fischer]], an American reporter who glossed over Soviet reality had a deep ideological commitment to [[communism]] dating back to 1920. Fischer traveled to Ukraine in October and November 1932, for ''[[The Nation]]'', and was initially alarmed at what he saw. "In the [[Poltava]], [[Vinnitsa]], [[Podolsk]] and [[Kiev]] regions, conditions will be hard," he wrote, "I think there is no starvation anywhere in Ukraine now — after all they have just gathered in the harvest but it was a bad harvest."

Initially critical of the Soviet grain procurement program because it created food problem, Fischer adopted the official Soviet government view, which blamed the problem on Ukrainian [[counter-revolutionary]] [[Nationalism|nationalist]] "[[Wrecking (Soviet crime)|wreckers]]." It seemed "whole villages" had been "contaminated" by such men, who were deported to "lumbering camps and mining areas in distant agricultural areas which are now just entering upon their pioneering stage." These steps were forced upon the [[Kremlin]], Fischer wrote, but the Soviets were, nevertheless, learning how to rule wisely.

Initially critical of the Soviet grain procurement program because it created food problem, Fischer adopted the official Soviet government view, which blamed the problem on Ukrainian [[counter-revolutionary]] [[Nationalism|nationalist]] "[[Wrecking (Soviet crime)|wreckers]]." It seemed "whole villages" had been "contaminated" by such men, who were deported to "lumbering camps and mining areas in distant agricultural areas which are now just entering upon their pioneering stage." These steps were forced upon the [[Kremlin]], Fischer wrote, but the Soviets were, nevertheless, learning how to rule wisely.

===Communist Party of the USA ===

===Communist Party of the USA ===

The Ukrainian American community upon receiving reports of the Famine in November and December 1933 organized marches in a number of U.S. cities to protest against American recognition of a government which was starving millions of Ukrainians.<ref name="ukrweekly.com">[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> [[Communist Party USA|American Communists]] resorted to violence in an attempt to silence the Ukrainians.<ref name="ukrweekly.com"/><ref name="sulz"/><ref>[http://www.shevchenko.org/famine/21_27.htm Dushnyck, Walter.  50 Years Ago: The Famine Holocaust in Ukraine: Terror and Human Misery as Instruments of Russian Imperialism]</ref> On November 18, 1933, in [[New York City]], 8,000 Ukrainians marched from [[Washington Square Park, New York|Washington Square Park]] to 67th Street, while 500 Communists ran beside the parade and snatched the Ukrainians' handbills, spat on the marchers and tried to hit them.<ref name="ukrweekly.com"/><ref name="sulz"/> Five persons were injured.<ref name="ukrweekly.com"/> Only the presence of 300 policemen on foot and a score on horseback leading the parade and riding along its flanks prevented serious trouble.<ref name="ukrweekly.com"/><ref name="sulz" />

The Ukrainian American community upon receiving reports of the Famine in November and December 1933 organized marches in a number of U.S. cities to protest against American recognition of a government which was starving millions of Ukrainians.<ref name="ukrweekly.com">[http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1988/028822.shtml Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine]</ref><ref name="sulz">[http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/duranty42.htm Letter to Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., Publisher, NY Times]</ref> [[Communist Party USA|American Communists]] resorted to violence in an attempt to silence the Ukrainians.<ref name="ukrweekly.com"/><ref name="sulz"/><ref>[http://www.shevchenko.org/famine/21_27.htm Dushnyck, Walter.  50 Years Ago: The Famine Holocaust in Ukraine: Terror and Human Misery as Instruments of Russian Imperialism]</ref> On November 18, 1933, in [[New York City]], 8,000 Ukrainians marched from [[Washington Square Park, New York|Washington Square Park]] to 67th Street, while 500 Communists ran beside the parade and snatched the Ukrainians' handbills, spat on the marchers and tried to hit them.<ref name="ukrweekly.com"/><ref name="sulz"/> Five persons were injured.<ref name="ukrweekly.com"/> Only the presence of 300 policemen on foot and a score on horseback leading the parade and riding along its flanks prevented serious trouble.<ref name="ukrweekly.com"/><ref name="sulz" />

=== Holodomor denial by Foreign Dignitaries visiting the USSR ===

=== Holodomor denial by Foreign Dignitaries visiting the USSR ===

Prominent dignitaries who visited the Soviet Union in 1934, such as [[George Bernard Shaw]] and [[H. G. Wells]], are also on record as denying the existence of the Famine in Ukraine.<ref>[http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/exhibitions/communism/com107.html Stalin-Wells talk / the verbatim record and a discussion by G.B. Shaw, H.G. Wells, J.M. Keynes, E. Toller and others]</ref>

Prominent dignitaries who visited the Soviet Union in 1934, such as [[George Bernard Shaw]] and [[H. G. Wells]], are also on record as denying the existence of the Famine in Ukraine.<ref>[http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/exhibitions/communism/com107.html Stalin-Wells talk / the verbatim record and a discussion by G.B. Shaw, H.G. Wells, J.M. Keynes, E. Toller and others]</ref>

==Modern denial==

==Modern denial==

===The 50th Anniversary===

===The 50th Anniversary===

The rallying and lobbying of the Ukrainian Diaspora Community around the 50th anniversary of the Holodomor became a concern for the governing body of the Soviet Union.<ref name="symp"/> In February 1983, the [[Politburo]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU) activated its counter-[[propaganda]] section to focus on the Ukrainian famine. The head of the directorate for relations with foreign countries for the CPSU, A. Merkulov,<!-- what is his full name?--> was given the task of directing [[disinformation]] to the West and contacted [[Leonid Kravchuk]], the chief idealog for the Communist Party in Ukraine. The materials were to be sent to the [[RIA Novosti|Novosti Press]] (APN) centers in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] to demonstrate the "antidemocratic base of the Ukrainian bourgeois Nationalists, the collaboration of the [[Stepan Bandera|Banderovtsev]] and the [[Adolf Hitler|Hitlerite]] Fascists during the [[World War II|Second World War]]."<ref>ЦГАООУ. Ф.1. Оп. 25 Д. 2719. Л.27-28. Подлинник.</ref>

The rallying and lobbying of the Ukrainian Diaspora Community around the 50th anniversary of the Holodomor became a concern for the governing body of the Soviet Union.<ref name="symp"/> In February 1983, the [[Politburo]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU) activated its counter-[[propaganda]] section to focus on the Ukrainian famine. The head of the directorate for relations with foreign countries for the CPSU, A. Merkulov,<!-- what is his full name?--> was given the task of directing [[disinformation]] to the West and contacted [[Leonid Kravchuk]], the chief idealog for the Communist Party in Ukraine. The materials were to be sent to the [[RIA Novosti|Novosti Press]] (APN) centers in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] to demonstrate the "antidemocratic base of the Ukrainian bourgeois Nationalists, the collaboration of the [[Stepan Bandera|Banderovtsev]] and the [[Adolf Hitler|Hitlerite]] Fascists during the [[World War II|Second World War]]."<ref>ЦГАООУ. Ф.1. Оп. 25 Д. 2719. Л.27-28. Подлинник.</ref>

===Douglas Tottle and Holodomor denial ===

===Douglas Tottle and Holodomor denial ===

 

In 1987 the Canadian trade-unionist and activist [[Douglas Tottle]], published the controversial book ''Fraud, Famine, and Fascism: the Ukrainian Genocide Myth from Hitler to Harvard'', where he falsely claimed that the Holodomor was "fraudulent", and "a creation of [[Nazism|Nazi]] propagandists".<ref name="tottle">Douglas Tottle, [http://www.rationalrevolution.net/special/library/famine.htm/ "Fraud, famine, and fascism: the Ukrainian genocide myth from Hitler to Harvard"], Toronto: Progress Books, 1987. ISBN 0919396518</ref> By the author's own account, his book is only carried by 28 libraries around the world. His book, published by the Communist ''Progress Publishers'' in [[Toronto]], appeared practically at the same time Ukrainian Communist party leader [[Volodymyr Shcherbytsky]] publicly acknowledged the Holodomor, in December 1987, and the book was subsequently withdrawn from circulation.<ref>[http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2003/2003-September/021722.html link Letter from David R. Marples]</ref> Only the first two chapters of Tottle's book deal with the Famine in Ukraine. The rest is written to discredit the work done by western Scholars, to associate the Ukrainian diaspora in the West with Fascism, and to discredit the US support of Holodomor research, all with no evidence to back its claims and relying heavily on [[deceit]]. Nevertheless, the book is available on the internet, and continues to be cited as an "invaluable" and "important" book by groups such as the [[Stalin Society]] in [[Great Britain]], author [[Jeff Coplon]], and others.

In 1987 the Canadian trade-unionist and activist [[Douglas Tottle]], published the controversial book ''Fraud, Famine, and Fascism: the Ukrainian Genocide Myth from Hitler to Harvard'', where he claimed that the Holodomor was "fraudulent", and "a creation of [[Nazism|Nazi]] propagandists".<ref name="tottle">Douglas Tottle, [http://www.rationalrevolution.net/special/library/famine.htm/ "Fraud, famine, and fascism: the Ukrainian genocide myth from Hitler to Harvard"], Toronto: Progress Books, 1987. ISBN 0919396518</ref> By the author's own account, his book is only carried by 28 libraries around the world. His book, published by the Communist ''Progress Publishers'' in [[Toronto]], appeared practically at the same time Ukrainian Communist party leader [[Volodymyr Shcherbytsky]] publicly acknowledged the Holodomor, in December 1987, and the book was subsequently withdrawn from circulation.<ref>[http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2003/2003-September/021722.html link Letter from David R. Marples]</ref> Only the first two chapters of the book deal with the Famine in Ukraine. The rest is written to discredit the work done by western Scholars, to associate the Ukrainian diaspora in the West with Fascism, and to discredit the US support of Holodomore research. Nevertheless, the book is available on the internet, and continues to be cited as an "invaluable" and "important" book by groups such as the [[Stalin Society]] in [[Great Britain]], author [[Jeff Coplon]], and others.

In a review of Tottle's book in the ''[[Ukrainian Canadian Magazine]]'', published by the pro-Communist Association of United Ukrainian Canadians, [[Wilfred Szczesny]] wrote: "Members of the general public who want to know about the famine, its extent and causes, and about the motives and techniques of those who would make this tragedy into something other than what it was will find Tottle's work invaluable" (''The Ukrainian Canadian'', April 1988, p.&nbsp;24).<ref name="Szcz">[http://www.infoukes.com/history/famine/serbyn/ "The last stand of the Ukrainian famine-genocide deniers"]</ref>

In a review of Tottle's book in the ''[[Ukrainian Canadian Magazine]]'', published by the pro-Communist Association of United Ukrainian Canadians, [[Wilfred Szczesny]] wrote: "Members of the general public who want to know about the famine, its extent and causes, and about the motives and techniques of those who would make this tragedy into something other than what it was will find Tottle's work invaluable" (''The Ukrainian Canadian'', April 1988, p.&nbsp;24).<ref name="Szcz">[http://www.infoukes.com/history/famine/serbyn/ "The last stand of the Ukrainian famine-genocide deniers"]</ref>

===Jeff Coplon===

===Jeff Coplon===

 

Tottle's book inspired a number of articles by other Holodomor deniers, such as [[Jeff Coplon]]'s article ''"In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"''.<ref name="coplon">Jeff Coplon, [http://www.chss.montclair.edu/English/furr/vv.html  "In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"], ''[[The Village Voice]]'', January 12, 1988.</ref>  This article not only denies the Holodomor, but also falsely tries to associate those who continued to bring the Holodomor to the attention of the public with the [[Nazism|Nazis]], even giving quotes from [[Adolf Hitler]]'s ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' to stress this point.

Tottle's book inspired a number of articles by other Holodomor deniers, such as [[Jeff Coplon]]'s article ''"In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"''.<ref name="coplon">Jeff Coplon, [http://www.chss.montclair.edu/English/furr/vv.html  "In Search of a Soviet Holocaust"], ''[[The Village Voice]]'', January 12, 1988.</ref>  This article not only denies the Holodomor, but also tries to associate those who continued to bring the Holodomor to the attention of the public with the [[Nazism|Nazis]], even giving quotes from [[Adolf Hitler]]'s ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' to stress this point.

<blockquote>

<blockquote>

<small>"Just as the Nazis used the [[OUN]] for their own ends, so has [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] exploited the famine, from his purple-prosed commemoration of "this callous act" to his backing of the Mace commission. ... But if people could be convinced that Communism is worse than fascism; that [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] was an insane monster, even worse than Hitler; that the seven million died in more unspeakable agony than the six million ...  One cannot appease an [[Evil empire|Evil Empire]], after all.<ref name="coplon" />

<small>"Just as the Nazis used the [[OUN]] for their own ends, so has [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] exploited the famine, from his purple-prosed commemoration of "this callous act" to his backing of the Mace commission. ... But if people could be convinced that Communism is worse than fascism; that [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] was an insane monster, even worse than Hitler; that the seven million died in more unspeakable agony than the six million ...  One cannot appease an [[Evil empire|Evil Empire]], after all.<ref name="coplon" />

===Stephan Merl===

===Stephan Merl===

In 1989, [[Stephan Merl]] (a professor at [[Bielefeld University]]) published "Entfachte Stalin die Hungersnot von 1932-1933 zur Auslöschung des ukrainischen Nationalismus?".<ref>Stephan Merl, "Entfachte Stalin die Hungersnot von 1932-1933 zur Auslöschung des ukrainischen Nationalismus?", ''Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas'' 37 (1989), vol. 4, p. 569-590</ref> This publication, once again relying heavily on Tottle, describes the work of [[James Mace]] and [[Robert Conquest]] as part of a campaign by Ukrainian nationalists to discredit the Soviet Union and pillory liberal journalists like Walter Duranty.<ref>[http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2003/2003-September/021722.html Letters of David Marples]</ref>

In 1989, [[Stephan Merl]] (a professor at [[Bielefeld University]]) published "Entfachte Stalin die Hungersnot von 1932-1933 zur Auslöschung des ukrainischen Nationalismus?".<ref>Stephan Merl, "Entfachte Stalin die Hungersnot von 1932-1933 zur Auslöschung des ukrainischen Nationalismus?", ''Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas'' 37 (1989), vol. 4, p. 569-590</ref> This publication, once again relying heavily on Tottle, describes the work of [[James Mace]] and [[Robert Conquest]] as part of a campaign by Ukrainian nationalists to discredit the Soviet Union and pillory liberal journalists like Walter Duranty.<ref>[http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2003/2003-September/021722.html Letters of David Marples]</ref>

===Mario Sousa===

===Mario Sousa===

In 1998 [[Mario Sousa]] published "''Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union''".<ref>[http://www.mariosousa.se/LiesconcerningthehistoryoftheSovietUnion.html Lies concerning the history of the Soviet Union]</ref>  

In 1998 [[Mario Sousa]] published "''Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union''".<ref>[http://www.mariosousa.se/LiesconcerningthehistoryoftheSovietUnion.html Lies concerning the history of the Soviet Union]</ref>  

Sousa's arguments against the Holodomor are based on his interpretation that the early Holodomor campaign was started by the Nazi's and was later taken up and funded by Ukrainian refugees who he states were Nazi collaborators. Sousa continues that Holodomor scholarship was later supported by the CIA during the [[Cold War]] specifically aimed at slandering and discrediting the Soviet government.

Sousa's arguments against the Holodomor are based on his interpretation that the early Holodomor campaign was started by the Nazis and was later taken up and funded by Ukrainian refugees who he falsely claims were "Nazi collaborators". Sousa continues that Holodomor scholarship was later supported by the CIA during the [[Cold War]] specifically aimed at slandering and discrediting the Soviet government.

===The Stalin Society===

===The Stalin Society===

Holodomor denial continues into the 21st century with the publication of "''The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth''", a pamphlet penned by prominent British physician [[John Puntis]] and published in July 2002 by the [[Stalin Society]]. The Stalin Society itself has been described as "''tiny, aging and schism-ridden''".<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article120991.ece "Stalin apologists drink to the memory of Uncle Joe"], ''[[The Independent]]'', 2 March 2003</ref> Once again heavily relying on Tottle, facts are reinterpreted with sources questioned, numbers questioned and the whole history of the famine made to look like the continuation of the Cold War.<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html#After The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>

Holodomor denial continues into the 21st century with the publication of "''The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth''", a pamphlet penned by prominent British physician [[John Puntis]] and published in July 2002 by the [[Stalin Society]]. The Stalin Society itself has been described as "''tiny, aging and schism-ridden''".<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article120991.ece "Stalin apologists drink to the memory of Uncle Joe"], ''[[The Independent]]'', 2 March 2003</ref> Once again heavily relying on Tottle, facts are reinterpreted with sources questioned, numbers questioned and the whole history of the famine made to look like the continuation of the Cold War.<ref>[http://www.stalinsociety.org.uk/ukrainian.html#After The Ukrainian famine-genocide myth]</ref>

==Holodomor denial in University courses==

==Holodomor denial in University courses==

In 2004 Toronto University offered a history course on "The Soviet Union and the Stalin Question" by M. Rodsky. Rather than starting from a neutral point of view, Rodsky took a revisionist version of Stalin and the history of the Soviet Union. In his third lecture in the series he approached "The Famine in Ukraine: What is the Truth?". The reading list consisted exclusively of materials that denied the existence of the Holodomor.<ref>[http://individual.utoronto.ca/mrodden/study/ssustudy.html The Soviet Union and the Stalin Question]</ref>

In 2004 Toronto University offered a history course on "The Soviet Union and the Stalin Question" by M. Rodsky. Rather than starting from a neutral point of view, Rodsky took a revisionist version of Stalin and the history of the Soviet Union. In his third lecture in the series he approached "The Famine in Ukraine: What is the Truth?". The reading list consisted exclusively of materials that denied the existence of the Holodomor.<ref>[http://individual.utoronto.ca/mrodden/study/ssustudy.html The Soviet Union and the Stalin Question]</ref>

* In Search of a SOVIET HOLOCAUST (short reading)[http://www.chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/vv.html Here]

* ''In Search of a SOVIET HOLOCAUST'' (short reading)[http://www.chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/vv.html Here]

* The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33 (longer reading)[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html here]

* ''The Hoax of the Man-Made Ukraine Famine of 1932-33'' (longer reading)[http://www.plp.org/cd_sup/ukfam1.html here]

* Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union by Mario Sousa (scroll down and read 'The myth concerning the famine in the Ukraine')

* ''Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union'' by Mario Sousa (scroll down and read 'The myth concerning the famine in the Ukraine')

* Maoist Internationalist Movement's Review of the [http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/bookstore/commie.html The Black Book of Communism]'Black Book of Communism' (scroll down and read 'The Ukrainian famine')

* Maoist Internationalist Movement's Review of the [http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/bookstore/commie.html The Black Book of Communism]'Black Book of Communism' (scroll down and read 'The Ukrainian famine')

* Fraud Famine & Fascism by Douglas Tottle, International Publishers (Can be purchased from the Communist Party of Canada, 190A Danforth Ave.)

* ''Fraud Famine & Fascism'' by Douglas Tottle, International Publishers (Can be purchased from the Communist Party of Canada, 190A Danforth Ave.)

==Symposia about Holodomor denial==

==Symposia about Holodomor denial==

In November 2007, an International Conference entitled ''The Ukrainian Holodomor and the Denial of Genocides'' was organized by the [[Guarini Institute]], and held at [[John Cabot University]], in [[Italy]]. The Ukrainian Ambassador, [[Heorhiy Cheriavskyi]], addressed the conference and spoke about the importance of international education and recognition of the Ukrainian Holodomor. [[Federigo Argentieri]], from the Guarini Institute, read the paper: “''Ideology and Diplomacy: How the Ukrainian Famine Was—and Still is—Denied''.” In his presentation, Argentieri introduced the history of denial of the Ukrainian famine of 1932-33. Conflicting reports on the events in 1933 highlighted the willingness of the [[great power|Great Powers]] to ignore the plain facts witnessed by British government officials in the Soviet Union. At the time, political and economic interests took precedence over internal human rights matters. Argentieri noted that today, the famine remains virtually ignored, even in academic circles in the West.<ref>[http://intranet.johncabot.edu/myjcu/public_site/news.aspx?cat=News "The Ukranian Holodomor and the Denial of Genocides"]</ref>

In November 2007, an International Conference entitled ''The Ukrainian Holodomor and the Denial of Genocides'' was organized by the [[Guarini Institute]], and held at [[John Cabot University]], in [[Italy]]. The Ukrainian Ambassador, [[Heorhiy Cheriavskyi]], addressed the conference and spoke about the importance of international education and recognition of the Ukrainian Holodomor. [[Federigo Argentieri]], from the Guarini Institute, read the paper: “''Ideology and Diplomacy: How the Ukrainian Famine Was—and Still is—Denied''.” In his presentation, Argentieri introduced the history of denial of the Ukrainian famine of 1932-33. Conflicting reports on the events in 1933 highlighted the willingness of the [[great power|Great Powers]] to ignore the plain facts witnessed by British government officials in the Soviet Union. At the time, political and economic interests took precedence over internal human rights matters. Argentieri noted that today, the famine remains virtually ignored, even in academic circles in the West.<ref>[http://intranet.johncabot.edu/myjcu/public_site/news.aspx?cat=News "The Ukranian Holodomor and the Denial of Genocides"]</ref>

==Holodomor denial and Ukrainian law==

==Holodomor denial and Ukrainian law==

 

On November 28, 2006, Ukraine's parliament, the [[Verkhovna Rada]], passed a law recognizing the 1932&ndash;1933 Holodomor as an act of genocide by the Stalin regime against the Ukrainian people. The voting figures were as follows: supporting the bill were [[BYuT]]—118 deputies, [[NSNU]]—79 deputies, [[Socialist Party of Ukraine|Socialists]]—30 deputies, 4 independent deputies, and the [[Party of Regions]]—2 deputies (200 deputies did not cast a vote). The [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] predictably voted against the bill.  In all, 233 deputies supported the bill—a minimum of 226 votes were required for it to be passed.<ref>[http://www.day.kiev.ua/179841/ "Holodomor and Holocaust denial to be a criminal offense"], 3 April 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.lucorg.com/luc/news.php?id=2241 "What the Verkhovna Rada actually passed"], February 28, 2007</ref>

On November 28, 2006, Ukraine's parliament, the [[Verkhovna Rada]], passed a law recognizing the 1932&ndash;1933 Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people. The voting figures were as follows: supporting the bill were [[BYuT]]—118 deputies, [[NSNU]]—79 deputies, [[Socialist Party of Ukraine|Socialists]]—30 deputies, 4 independent deputies, and the [[Party of Regions]]—2 deputies (200 deputies did not cast a vote). The [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] voted against the bill.  In all, 233 deputies supported the bill—a minimum of 226 votes were required for it to be passed.<ref>[http://www.day.kiev.ua/179841/ "Holodomor and Holocaust denial to be a criminal offense"], 3 April 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.lucorg.com/luc/news.php?id=2241 "What the Verkhovna Rada actually passed"], February 28, 2007</ref>

A draft law "On Amendments to the Criminal and the Procedural Criminal Codes of Ukraine" was submitted by [[President of Ukraine|President]] [[Viktor Yushchenko]] for consideration by the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian Parliament]].  The draft law envisages prosecution for public denial of the Holodomor Famine of 1932&ndash;1933 in Ukraine as a fact of genocide of the Ukrainian people, and of [[the Holocaust]] as the fact of genocide of the [[Jew]]ish people. The draft law foresees that public denial as well as production and dissemination of materials denying the above shall be punished by a fine of 100 to 300 untaxed minimum salaries, or imprisonment of up to two years.<ref>[http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=56782 "Public denial of Holodomor Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as genocide of Ukrainian people to be prosecuted"], December 12, 2007</ref>

A draft law "On Amendments to the Criminal and the Procedural Criminal Codes of Ukraine" was submitted by [[President of Ukraine|President]] [[Viktor Yushchenko]] for consideration by the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian Parliament]].  The draft law envisages prosecution for public denial of the Holodomor Famine of 1932&ndash;1933 in Ukraine as a fact of genocide of the Ukrainian people, and of [[the Holocaust]] as the fact of genocide of the [[Jew]]ish people. The draft law foresees that public denial as well as production and dissemination of materials denying the above shall be punished by a fine of 100 to 300 untaxed minimum salaries, or imprisonment of up to two years.<ref>[http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=56782 "Public denial of Holodomor Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as genocide of Ukrainian people to be prosecuted"], December 12, 2007</ref>