SkipCaptcha
1,279
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Created page with "{{Night Sky | image = | designation =NGC 2348<br/>P-K 231+04.2<br/>PGC 3517755 | rightascension =07<sup>h</sup> 41<sup>m</sup> 50.5198<sup>s</sup><ref name=simb..."
{{Night Sky
| image =
| designation =NGC 2348<br/>P-K 231+04.2<br/>PGC 3517755
| rightascension =07<sup>h</sup> 41<sup>m</sup> 50.5198<sup>s</sup><ref name=simbad>{{cite web|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=NGC+2438&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id|title=NGC 2438|accessdate=2019-11-01|work=Simbad Astronomical Database|publisher=simbad.u-strasbg.fr}}</ref><ref name=Gaia>{{cite journal
|last1=Gaia Collaboration |first1=
|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Gaia DR2
|journal=VizieR Online Data Catalog
|volume=I/345
|issue=|page=I/345|date=2018
|doi=
|bibcode=2018yCat.1345....0G
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|0708.1752}}</ref>
| declination =-14° 44′ 07.4842″<ref name=simbad/><ref name=Gaia/>
| distance =1,376 ly<ref>From direct computation of [[parallax]] of 2.3687 mas.</ref>
| constellation =Puppis
| type =Planetary nebula
| dimensions =1.17° × 1.17°<ref name=simbad/><ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Stanghellini |first1=L.
|last2=Shaw |first2=R. A.
|last3=Villaver |first3=E.
|display-authors=3
|title=The Magellanic Cloud Calibration of the Galactic Planetary Nebula Distance Scale
|journal=The Astrophysical Journal
|volume=689
|issue=1|page=194-202|date=2008
|doi=10.1086/592395
|bibcode=2008ApJ...689..194S
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|0807.1129}}
</ref>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: +10.8<ref name=seds>{{cite web|url=http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n2438.html|title=NGC 2348|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=messier.seds.org|date=2006-03-18}}</ref><br/>Absolute Mag: +2.67<ref>From direct computation using [[apparent magnitude]] of +10.8 and distance of 1,376 light years.</ref>
| redshift =
| radvelocity =77.0 ± 5 km/s<ref name=simbad/><ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Wilson |first1=R. E.
|display-authors=3
|title=General catalogue of stellar radial velocities
|journal=Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication
|volume=
|issue=|page=|date=1953
|doi=
|bibcode=1953GCRV..C......0W
|ref=harv
}}</ref>
| propmotion =RA: -6.027 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><ref name=Gaia/><br/>Dec: 2.456 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><ref name=Gaia/>
| parallax =2.3687 ± 0.2227 mas<ref name=simbad/><ref name=Gaia/>
}}
'''NGC 2438''' (P-K 231+04.2, PGC 3517755) is a [[planetary nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Puppis]].<ref name=apod2011>{{cite web|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap110407.html|title=Planetary Nebula NGC 2438|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=apod.nasa.gov|date=2011-04-07}}</ref> The nebula was first observed march 19, 1786 by [[William Herschel]], who designated it as H IV.39.<ref name=cseligman>{{cite web|url=http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc24.htm#2438|title=NGC 2438 (= P-K 231+04.2 = "PGC 3517755")|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=cseligman.com}}</ref> The nebula appears superimposed over the [[open star cluster]] [[Messier 46]] but it is thought this is simply a coincidence and the two are separate objects. This is due to the difference in the speeds of the two objects as well as more recently a difference in distance estimates.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=O'Dell |first1=C. R.
|display-authors=3
|title=On the Association of NGC 2437 and NGC 2438
|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
|volume=75
|issue=455|page=370-372|date=1963
|doi=10.1086/127970
|bibcode=1963PASP...75..370O
|ref=harv
}}</ref> The nebula is also designated "PGC 3517755" even through this type of designation is normally reserved for [[galaxies]].<ref name=cseligman/> To emphasize it is not actually a galaxy, quotation marks are usually used when referring to the nebula with this designation.
Like many planetary nebulae, there is a [[star]] at the nebula's centre. It has a [[star magnitude|magnitude]] of +17.7 and exhibits a continious spectrum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/starclusters/491028.aspx|title=M46 + NGC 2438|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=cs.astronomy.com|date=2016-03-26}}</ref><ref name=seds/> The star, a [[white dwarf]], is one of the hottest stars ever observed with an estimated surface temperature of 75,000 K.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kopernik.org/images/archive/n2438.htm|title=Planetary Nebula NGC 2438 in Puppis|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=kopernik.org|date=2000-03-13|author=George Normandin}}</ref> This central star is surrounded by a bright ring of diameter 1 light year and a much fainter halo of [[ionization|ionized]] [[gas]] with a diameter of 4.5 light years.<ref name=cseligman/><ref name=apod2011/> The fainter enveloping halo has a surface brightness around 1,000 dimmer than the inner region.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Oettl |first1=S.
|last2=Kimeswenger |first2=S.
|last3=Zijlstra |first3=A. A.
|display-authors=3
|title=The ionization structure of multiple shell planetary nebulae: I. NGC 2438
|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
|volume=565
|issue=id.A87, 13|page=|date=2014
|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201323205
|bibcode=2014A&A...565A..87O
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1403.6715}}
</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]
| image =
| designation =NGC 2348<br/>P-K 231+04.2<br/>PGC 3517755
| rightascension =07<sup>h</sup> 41<sup>m</sup> 50.5198<sup>s</sup><ref name=simbad>{{cite web|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=NGC+2438&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id|title=NGC 2438|accessdate=2019-11-01|work=Simbad Astronomical Database|publisher=simbad.u-strasbg.fr}}</ref><ref name=Gaia>{{cite journal
|last1=Gaia Collaboration |first1=
|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Gaia DR2
|journal=VizieR Online Data Catalog
|volume=I/345
|issue=|page=I/345|date=2018
|doi=
|bibcode=2018yCat.1345....0G
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|0708.1752}}</ref>
| declination =-14° 44′ 07.4842″<ref name=simbad/><ref name=Gaia/>
| distance =1,376 ly<ref>From direct computation of [[parallax]] of 2.3687 mas.</ref>
| constellation =Puppis
| type =Planetary nebula
| dimensions =1.17° × 1.17°<ref name=simbad/><ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Stanghellini |first1=L.
|last2=Shaw |first2=R. A.
|last3=Villaver |first3=E.
|display-authors=3
|title=The Magellanic Cloud Calibration of the Galactic Planetary Nebula Distance Scale
|journal=The Astrophysical Journal
|volume=689
|issue=1|page=194-202|date=2008
|doi=10.1086/592395
|bibcode=2008ApJ...689..194S
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|0807.1129}}
</ref>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: +10.8<ref name=seds>{{cite web|url=http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n2438.html|title=NGC 2348|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=messier.seds.org|date=2006-03-18}}</ref><br/>Absolute Mag: +2.67<ref>From direct computation using [[apparent magnitude]] of +10.8 and distance of 1,376 light years.</ref>
| redshift =
| radvelocity =77.0 ± 5 km/s<ref name=simbad/><ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Wilson |first1=R. E.
|display-authors=3
|title=General catalogue of stellar radial velocities
|journal=Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication
|volume=
|issue=|page=|date=1953
|doi=
|bibcode=1953GCRV..C......0W
|ref=harv
}}</ref>
| propmotion =RA: -6.027 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><ref name=Gaia/><br/>Dec: 2.456 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><ref name=Gaia/>
| parallax =2.3687 ± 0.2227 mas<ref name=simbad/><ref name=Gaia/>
}}
'''NGC 2438''' (P-K 231+04.2, PGC 3517755) is a [[planetary nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Puppis]].<ref name=apod2011>{{cite web|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap110407.html|title=Planetary Nebula NGC 2438|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=apod.nasa.gov|date=2011-04-07}}</ref> The nebula was first observed march 19, 1786 by [[William Herschel]], who designated it as H IV.39.<ref name=cseligman>{{cite web|url=http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc24.htm#2438|title=NGC 2438 (= P-K 231+04.2 = "PGC 3517755")|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=cseligman.com}}</ref> The nebula appears superimposed over the [[open star cluster]] [[Messier 46]] but it is thought this is simply a coincidence and the two are separate objects. This is due to the difference in the speeds of the two objects as well as more recently a difference in distance estimates.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=O'Dell |first1=C. R.
|display-authors=3
|title=On the Association of NGC 2437 and NGC 2438
|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
|volume=75
|issue=455|page=370-372|date=1963
|doi=10.1086/127970
|bibcode=1963PASP...75..370O
|ref=harv
}}</ref> The nebula is also designated "PGC 3517755" even through this type of designation is normally reserved for [[galaxies]].<ref name=cseligman/> To emphasize it is not actually a galaxy, quotation marks are usually used when referring to the nebula with this designation.
Like many planetary nebulae, there is a [[star]] at the nebula's centre. It has a [[star magnitude|magnitude]] of +17.7 and exhibits a continious spectrum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/starclusters/491028.aspx|title=M46 + NGC 2438|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=cs.astronomy.com|date=2016-03-26}}</ref><ref name=seds/> The star, a [[white dwarf]], is one of the hottest stars ever observed with an estimated surface temperature of 75,000 K.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kopernik.org/images/archive/n2438.htm|title=Planetary Nebula NGC 2438 in Puppis|accessdate=2019-11-01|publisher=kopernik.org|date=2000-03-13|author=George Normandin}}</ref> This central star is surrounded by a bright ring of diameter 1 light year and a much fainter halo of [[ionization|ionized]] [[gas]] with a diameter of 4.5 light years.<ref name=cseligman/><ref name=apod2011/> The fainter enveloping halo has a surface brightness around 1,000 dimmer than the inner region.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Oettl |first1=S.
|last2=Kimeswenger |first2=S.
|last3=Zijlstra |first3=A. A.
|display-authors=3
|title=The ionization structure of multiple shell planetary nebulae: I. NGC 2438
|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
|volume=565
|issue=id.A87, 13|page=|date=2014
|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201323205
|bibcode=2014A&A...565A..87O
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1403.6715}}
</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]