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Line 1: − [[Image:Leibniz.jpg|thumb|right|Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz]]+ − − − − In philosophy, Leibniz disagreed with Descartes' "I think there for I am" and instead Leibniz thought that neither form alone (the mind) or matter alone (the body) could explain the existence of an individual. Instead, Leibniz created a philosophy known as "monadology", which holds that souls are all there are in the universe. Even a table, according to Leibniz, is nothing other than a collection of "windowless monads" which cannot interact. This doctrine of non-interacting souls is abhorrent to traditional Christianity. − − In physics, Leibniz proposed the use of "dynamics" or kinetic energy to explain motion, rather than "mechanics" that is based on Cartesian coordinates. Leibniz held the view that light always travelled the path of least resistance. − − Leibniz was a Lutheran who dreamed of reuniting it with the Roman Catholic Church, and also of reconciling modern thinkers like [[Hobbes]] and [[Descartes]] with the [[Aristotle]] of the [[Scholastics]], or even the earlier [[Greek]] philosopher [[Aristotle]]. − − An ugly dispute developed between Newton and Leibniz over who discovered calculus first. Most English-speaking historians give the credit to Newton but bias may play a role in that. The world certainly benefited immensely from Leibniz as well as Newton. − − [[Category:Mathematicians|Leibniz, Gottfried]]
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'''Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz''' (1646-1716) was a German mathematician, philosopher and political advisor. His greatest achievement was his independent discovery of differential and integral calculus, also invented by [[Isaac Newton]]. Leibniz was the first to use the notation of the integral.