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|suborder=Passeri
|suborder=Passeri
|infraorder=
|infraorder=
|superfamily=
|superfamily=Passeroidea
|families=
|families=
|family=Fringillidae
|family=Cardinalidae
|subfamily=Emberizinae
|subfamily=
|supertribe=
|supertribe=
|tribe=Cardinalini
|tribe=
|subtribe=
|subtribe=
|genera=
|genera=
|conservation=
|conservation=
}}
}}
'''Northern cardinal''' (''Cardinalis cardinalis'') is a songbird of the family Fringillidae, and found throughout much of eastern North America. The name "[[cardinal]]" refers to the senior clerics of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and the red robes they wear.
'''Northern cardinal''' (''Cardinalis cardinalis'') is a songbird of the family Cardinalidae, and found throughout much of eastern North America. The name "[[cardinal]]" refers to the senior clerics of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and the red robes they wear.
==Description==
==Description==
The northern cardinal is about 8.3–9.1 inches long, with a wingspan of 9.8 to 12.2 inches, and weigh 1.19 to 2.29 ounces. It has a strong, conical beak and a small, yet distinctive head crest. The two sexes differ in the coloration of the plumage, with males having a predominantly scarlet-red plumage with some brownish-red hues on the wings, back and tail, a black face mask. Females bear an olive-brownish plumage with reddish hues on the wings, on the tail and in the hood, as well as by a less well defined, rather gray colored face mask. Young birds are colored like the females, but without a face mask. Northern races are darker, southern races are more brightly colored red.
The northern cardinal is about 8.3–9.1 inches long, with a wingspan of 9.8 to 12.2 inches, and weigh 1.19 to 2.29 ounces. It has a strong, conical beak and a small, yet distinctive head crest. The two sexes differ in the coloration of the plumage, with males having a predominantly scarlet-red plumage with some brownish-red hues on the wings, back and tail, a black face mask. Females bear an olive-brownish plumage with reddish hues on the wings, on the tail and in the hood, as well as by a less well defined, rather gray colored face mask. Young birds are colored like the females, but without a face mask. Northern races are darker, southern races are more brightly colored red.
===Subspecies===
*''Cardinalis cardinalis affinis''; western Mexico: southeastern Sonora to southwestern Chihuahua, western Durango
*''Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus''; western Oklahoma, western Texas to east-central Mexico
*''Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis''; eastern United States
*''Cardinalis cardinalis carneus''; Mexico: coastal Colima to Isthmus of Tehuántepec
*''Cardinalis cardinalis clintoni''; Mexico: Isla Cerralvo
*''Cardinalis cardinalis coccineus''; Mexico: eastern San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, northeastern Puebla, northern Oaxaca
*''Cardinalis cardinalis flammiger''; Mexico (southern Quintana Roo), Belize, northern Guatemala (Petén)
*''Cardinalis cardinalis floridanus''; southeastern Georgia, peninsular Florida
*''Cardinalis cardinalis igneus''; Mexico: southern Baja California, north to latitude 27°N
*''Cardinalis cardinalis littoralis''; Mexico: southern Veracruz and Tabasco
*''Cardinalis cardinalis magnirostris''; southeastern Texas and southern Louisiana
*''Cardinalis cardinalis mariae''; Mexico: Tres Marías Islands
*''Cardinalis cardinalis saturatus''; Mexico: Cozumel Island
*''Cardinalis cardinalis seftoni''; Mexico: central Baja California, south to latitude 27°N
*''Cardinalis cardinalis sinaloensis''; Mexico: Sinaloa and Jalisco coasts
*''Cardinalis cardinalis superbus''; extreme southeastern California to Arizona, southwest New Mexico and northern Sonora
*''Cardinalis cardinalis townsendi''; Mexico: Isla Tiburón, adjacent coastal Sonora
*''Cardinalis cardinalis yucatanicus''; Mexico: Yucatán Peninsula
==Range and habitat==
==Range and habitat==