Changes

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Carcinogen (view source)

Revision as of 00:05, November 23, 2019

8,327 bytes added ,  00:05, November 23, 2019
adding offical list of carcinogens. It's messy, but I think it might be beneficial, especially if we explain how people might be exposed to each one.
Line 15: Line 15:  
The [[National Toxicology Program]] (NTP), of the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]], classifies carcinogens in two categories: ''Known'', and ''Reasonably anticipated''.<ref name="NTP">National Toxicology Progam: [http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03CA6383-9766-1F64-6637241FE0114FE9 Questions & Answers about the RoC].</ref>  Since 1978, it has produced a list of carcinogenic material along with federal regulations limiting exposure.<ref name="NTP"/>
 
The [[National Toxicology Program]] (NTP), of the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]], classifies carcinogens in two categories: ''Known'', and ''Reasonably anticipated''.<ref name="NTP">National Toxicology Progam: [http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03CA6383-9766-1F64-6637241FE0114FE9 Questions & Answers about the RoC].</ref>  Since 1978, it has produced a list of carcinogenic material along with federal regulations limiting exposure.<ref name="NTP"/>
   −
==Commonplace examples==
+
==Specific carcinogens==
 +
===Commonplace examples===
 
The following are common-place examples of carcinogens:
 
The following are common-place examples of carcinogens:
 
*[[Alcohol]]ic beverages (forming [[acetaldehyde]])
 
*[[Alcohol]]ic beverages (forming [[acetaldehyde]])
Line 29: Line 30:  
*[[X-Radiation]]
 
*[[X-Radiation]]
   −
===Disputed examples===
+
====Disputed examples====
 
*[[Estrogen]]<ref>[http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1155/context/archive Feds label estrogen carcinogen]</ref>
 
*[[Estrogen]]<ref>[http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1155/context/archive Feds label estrogen carcinogen]</ref>
 
*[[Bisphenol A]] (BPA), [[Bisphenol S]] (BPS), and [[Bisphenol F]] (BPF) - some studies find BPA carcinogenic,<ref>http://blogs.edf.org/health/2014/02/21/is-bpa-a-carcinogen/</ref> others do not.<ref>https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cpdb/chempages/BISPHENOL%20A.html</ref> BPS and BPF are very similar, and so are suspected by some to have similar health effects, if any.
 
*[[Bisphenol A]] (BPA), [[Bisphenol S]] (BPS), and [[Bisphenol F]] (BPF) - some studies find BPA carcinogenic,<ref>http://blogs.edf.org/health/2014/02/21/is-bpa-a-carcinogen/</ref> others do not.<ref>https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cpdb/chempages/BISPHENOL%20A.html</ref> BPS and BPF are very similar, and so are suspected by some to have similar health effects, if any.
 +
 +
===Known carcinogens===
 +
The following is a more exhaustive list of known carcinogens.
 +
*1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU)
 +
*1,2-Dichloropropane
 +
*1,3-Butadiene
 +
*1,4-Butanediol dimethylsulfonate (also known as busulfan)
 +
*2-Naphthylamine
 +
*2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran
 +
*2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD); "dioxin"
 +
*3,4,5,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126)
 +
*4-Aminobiphenyl
 +
*4-Aminobiphenyl
 +
*4,4'-Methylenebis(chloroaniline) (MOCA)
 +
*Acetaldehyde (from consuming alcoholic beverages)
 +
*Acheson process, occupational exposure associated with
 +
*Acid mists, strong inorganic
 +
*Aflatoxins (from fungus sometimes found in improperly stored crops such as corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and tree nuts. The fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are the main sources of this toxin)
 +
*Aluminum production
 +
*Analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin
 +
*Areca nut<ref>https://www.drugs.com/npc/betel-nut.html</ref>
 +
*Aristolochic acids
 +
*Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds
 +
*Asbestos (all forms) and mineral substances (such as talc or vermiculite) that contain asbestos
 +
*Auramine production
 +
*Azathioprine
 +
*Benzene
 +
*Benzidine and dyes metabolized to benzidine
 +
*Benzo[a]pyrene
 +
*Beryllium and beryllium compounds
 +
*Betel quid, with or without tobacco
 +
*Bis(chloromethyl) ether and technical-grade chloromethyl methyl ether
 +
*Busulfan
 +
*Cadmium and cadmium compounds
 +
*Chlorambucil
 +
*Chlornaphazine
 +
*Chromium (VI) compounds
 +
*Clonorchis sinensis (infection with), also known as the Chinese liver fluke
 +
*Coal gasification
 +
*Coal tars
 +
*Coal-tar pitch
 +
*Coal, indoor emissions from household combustion
 +
*Coke oven emissions
 +
*Coke production
 +
*Cyclophosphamide
 +
*Cyclosporin A
 +
*Cyclosporine (ciclosporin)
 +
*Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
 +
*Dyes metabolized to benzidine
 +
*Engine exhaust, diesel
 +
*Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (infection with)
 +
*Erionite
 +
*Estrogen-only menopausal therapy
 +
*Estrogen-progestogen (menopausal therapy, oral contraceptives)
 +
*Estrogens, steroidal
 +
*Ethanol in alcoholic beverages
 +
*Ethylene oxide
 +
*Etoposide
 +
*Etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin
 +
*Fission products, including strontium-90
 +
*Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole (inhalation of dust, similar to asbestos)<ref>https://www.mindat.org/min-6950.html</ref>
 +
*Formaldehyde
 +
*Haematite mining (underground)
 +
*Helicobacter pylori (infection with)
 +
*Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with)
 +
*Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with)
 +
*Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (infection with)
 +
*Human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 (infection with)
 +
*Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) (infection with)
 +
*Ionizing radiation (all types)
 +
*Iron and steel founding (workplace exposure)
 +
*Isopropyl alcohol manufacture using strong acids
 +
*Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (infection with)
 +
*Leather dust
 +
*Lindane (i.e. gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, gammaxene, or Gammallin; used for treating scabies and lice)<ref>https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682651.html</ref><ref>https://www.drugs.com/pro/lindane.html</ref>
 +
*Magenta production
 +
*Melphalan
 +
*Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)
 +
*Methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) plus ultraviolet A radiation, also known as PUVA
 +
*Methyl-CCNU
 +
*Mineral oils (untreated and mildly treated)
 +
*MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents
 +
*Mustard gas (i.e. sulfur mustard)
 +
*N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
 +
*Neutron radiation
 +
*Nickel compounds
 +
*o‑Toluidine
 +
*Opisthorchis viverrini (infection with), also known as the Southeast Asian liver fluke
 +
*ortho-Toluidine
 +
*Outdoor air pollution (and the particulate matter in it)
 +
*Painter (workplace exposure as a)
 +
*Pentachlorophenol
 +
*Phenacetin (and mixtures containing it)
 +
*Phosphorus-32, as phosphate
 +
*Plutonium
 +
*Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin-like, with a Toxicity Equivalency Factor according to WHO (PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189)
 +
*Processed meat (consumption of)
 +
*Radioiodines, including iodine-131
 +
*Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited
 +
*Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting, internally deposited
 +
*Radium-224 and its decay products
 +
*Radium-226 and its decay products
 +
*Radium-228 and its decay products
 +
*Radon-222 and its decay products
 +
*Rubber manufacturing
 +
*Salted fish (Chinese-style)
 +
*Schistosoma haematobium (infection with)
 +
*Semustine (methyl-CCNU)
 +
*Shale oils
 +
*Silica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobalite
 +
*Solar radiation
 +
*Soot (as found in workplace exposure of chimney sweeps)
 +
*Strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid
 +
*Sunlamps or sunbeds, exposure to
 +
*Talc containing asbestiform fibres
 +
*Tamoxifen
 +
*Thiotepa (drug used for treating cancer)<ref>https://www.rxlist.com/thiotepa-drug.htm</ref>
 +
*Thorium dioxide (used in high-temperature ceramics, gas mantles, crucibles, non-silicia optical glass, catalysis, filaments in incandescent lamps, cathodes in electron tubes and arc-melting electrodes)<ref>https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Thorium-dioxide</ref>
 +
*Thorium-232 and its decay products
 +
*Tobacco smoke
 +
*Tobacco, smokeless
 +
*Treosulfan
 +
*Trichloroethylene (TCE)
 +
*Ultraviolet (UV) light, including UVA, UVB, and UVC rays
 +
*Vinyl chloride (used in the production of [[Polyvinyl chloride|PVC]] plastics)
 +
*Welding fumes
 +
*Wood dust
 +
*X-radiation and gamma radiation
 +
<ref>https://monographs.iarc.fr/cards_page/publications-monographs/</ref>
 +
 +
==Probably carcinogens==
 +
The following is a semi-exhaustive list of "probable" carcinogens.
 +
*Acrylamide
 +
*Adriamycin (doxorubicin)
 +
*Androgenic (anabolic) steroids
 +
*Art glass, glass containers, and press ware (manufacture of)
 +
*Azacitidine
 +
*Biomass fuel (primarily wood), emissions from household combustion
 +
*Bitumens, occupational exposure to oxidized bitumens and their emissions during roofing
 +
*Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU), also known as carmustine
 +
*Captafol
 +
*Carbon electrode manufacture
 +
*Chloral
 +
*Chloral hydrate
 +
*Chloramphenicol
 +
*alpha-Chlorinated toluenes (benzal chloride, benzotrichloride, benzyl chloride) and benzoyl chloride (combined exposures)
 +
*1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU)
 +
*4-Chloro-ortho-toluidine
 +
*Chlorozotocin
 +
*Cisplatin
 +
*Cobalt metal with tungsten carbide
 +
*Creosotes
 +
*Cyclopenta[cd]pyrene
 +
*DDT (4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
 +
*Diazinon
 +
*Dibenz[a,j]acridine
 +
*Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
 +
*Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
 +
*Dichloromethane (methylene chloride)
 +
*Dieldrin, and aldrin metabolized to dieldrin
 +
*Diethyl sulfate
 +
*Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
 +
*N,N-Dimethylformamide
 +
*1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
 +
*Dimethyl sulfate
 +
*Epichlorohydrin
 +
*Ethyl carbamate (urethane)
 +
*Ethylene dibromide
 +
*N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea
 +
*Frying, emissions from high-temperature
 +
*Glycidol
 +
*Glyphosate
 +
*Hairdresser or barber (workplace exposure as)
 +
*Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 68 (infection with)
 +
*Hydrazine
 +
*Indium phosphide
 +
*IQ (2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline)
 +
*Lead compounds, inorganic
 +
*Malaria (caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum)
 +
*Malathion
 +
*2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
 +
*Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)
 +
*5-Methoxypsoralen
 +
*Methyl methanesulfonate
 +
*N-Methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
 +
*N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea
 +
*Nitrate or nitrite (ingested) under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation
 +
*6-Nitrochrysene
 +
*Nitrogen mustard
 +
*1-Nitropyrene
 +
*N-Nitrosodiethylamine
 +
*N-Nitrosodimethylamine
 +
*2-Nitrotoluene
 +
*Non-arsenical insecticides (workplace exposures in spraying and application of)
 +
*Petroleum refining (workplace exposures in)
 +
*Pioglitazone
 +
*Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
 +
*Procarbazine hydrochloride
 +
*1,3-Propane sultone
 +
*Red meat (consumption of)
 +
*Shiftwork that involves circadian disruption
 +
*Silicon carbide whiskers
 +
*Styrene
 +
*Styrene-7,8-oxide
 +
*Teniposide
 +
*Tetrabromobisphenol A
 +
*3,3′,4,4′-Tetrachloroazobenzene
 +
*Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
 +
*Tetrafluoroethylene
 +
*1,2,3-Trichloropropane
 +
*Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
 +
*Very hot beverages (above 65 degrees Celsius)
 +
*Vinyl bromide (Note: For practical purposes, vinyl bromide should be considered to act similarly to the human carcinogen vinyl chloride.)
 +
<ref name="cancer.org carcinogens">https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/general-info/known-and-probable-human-carcinogens.html</ref>
    
==References==
 
==References==
DavidB4
Block, SkipCaptcha, Upload, Automoderated users, Check users, delete, edit, Moderators, move, oversight, protect, ratelimit-exempt, rollback
20,023

edits

Retrieved from "https://www.conservapedia.com/Special:MobileDiff/1598255"

Navigation menu