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Line 6: − − − ==Procession of the Spirit: Biblical Exegesis== − − :[[Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version)#Twenty-eight|''main article'' Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version), chapter Twenty-eight]] − − The Eastern Orthodox doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father alone is based on the word of Jesus in John 15:26 "'''the Spirit of truth, who ''proceeds from'' the Father'''". Western Catholic doctrine is based on the fact that Jesus also stated that he himself "proceeded and came forth from God" in John 8:42, "I ''came from'' the Father, and have come into the world", that he said "I and the Father are One" John 10:30, and that he said of the Holy Spirit, "I will send him to you" John 16:7, and that the Spirit of God is the Spirit of Christ Romans 8:9. − − Compare the following scriptures with their interlinear Greek texts: − − :[http://biblehub.com/interlinear/john/15-26.htm John 15:26 "'''''proceeds from''' the Father''" <br>Greek ἐκπορεύεται ''ekporeuetai''] <br> [https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/John%2015%3A26 multiple versions of John 15:26] − :[http://biblehub.com/interlinear/john/16-28.htm John 16:28 "'''''came from''' the Father''" <br>Greek ἐξῆλθον ''exelthon''] <br> [https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/John%2016%3A28 multiple versions of John 16:28] − :[http://biblehub.com/interlinear/john/8-42.htm John 8:42 "I '''''proceeded''''' and '''''came forth from God'''''" <br>Greek ἐκ ''ek'', ἐξῆλθον ''exelthon''] <br> [https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/John%208%3A42 multiple versions of John 8:42] − :Compare Strong's numbers: − ::[http://biblehub.com/greek/ekporeuetai_1607.htm ''1607'' ἐκπορεύεται (ekporeuetai) "come from"]<br>[https://biblehub.com/greek/ek_1537.htm ''1537'' ἐκ (ek) "come from, from out of"]<br>[http://biblehub.com/greek/exe_lthon_1831.htm ''1831'' ἐξῆλθον (exēlthon) "come from"] − These Greek [[synonym]]s appear as a grammatical demonstration that both the Holy Spirit and the Son proceed, come forth, from the Father (''see ''[https://biblehub.com/multi/john/8-42.htm ''parallel versions'' John 8:42]). This also appears to Catholic [[Exegesis|exegetes]] to resolve the controversy over the ''[[Nicene Creed|filioque clause]]''. The Son is in the Father and the Father is in the Son, one God as one originating Principle from Whom the Spirit proceeds, "comes from" God, the Father and the Son in the Holy Spirit and the Holy Spirit in the Father and the Son, One God. The Spirit of the Father is the Spirit of the Son, the Spirit of Christ ([http://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Romans%208%3A9 Romans 8:9]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/1Peter%201%3A11 1 Peter 1:11]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/1%20Corinthians%206%3A17 1 Corinthians 6:17]). The Spirit Who proceeds from the Father simultaneously proceeds from the Son as proceeding forth eternally from one God. − :"''Every energy, every manifestation, comes from the Father, is expressed in the Son, and goes forth in the Holy Spirit.''" Vladimir Lossky <ref>[http://www.jbburnett.com/resources/lossky/lossky_img4-process-filioq.pdf '''The Procession of the Holy Spirit in Orthodox Trinitarian Doctrine''', Vladimir Lossky (jbburnett.com)]</ref>. − The Son is eternally begotten by the Father, eternally begotten by the power of the Holy Spirit inherently dwelling in the Father and the Son, eternally begotten by God. According to Galatians 4:6 the Spirit "comes from" the Son and the Father, the Father Who ''sends the Spirit '''forth from''' the Son'', the Son Who ''sends the Spirit '''forth from''' the Father'': see the [http://biblehub.com/interlinear/galatians/4-6.htm interlinear text of Galatians 4:6] with [https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Galatians%204%3A6 parallel versions of Galatians 4:6], and the [http://biblehub.com/interlinear/john/8-42.htm interlinear text of John 8:42] with [https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/John%208%3A42 parallel versions of John 8:42], and the [http://biblehub.com/interlinear/john/16-7.htm interlinear text of John 16:7] with [https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/John%2016%3A7 parallel versions of John 16:7]. Moreover, sacred scripture testifies that the Spirit of the Father is the Spirit of the Son and is one Spirit of God. [http://biblehub.com/multi/romans/8-9.htm Romans 8:9]; [http://biblehub.com/multi/1_peter/1-11.htm 1 Peter 1:11] − − :See [http://www.agapebiblestudy.com/documents/Filioque%20clause.htm '''The Procession of the Holy Spirit and the Filioque Clause in the Nicene-Constantinople Creed''', Michal Hunt (agapebiblestudy.com)] ''The author cites St. [[John Chrysostom]], the 4th century Archbishop of Constantinople, who contends that'' "there is no contradiction, since it is the Father who sends the Spirit and it is the Son who sends the Spirit, and the one Spirit who proceeds forth as sent from God is the Spirit of the Father and of the Son"—John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of St. John, Homily LXXV & LXXVII. − − The [[Athanasian Creed]] of [[Saint Athanasius]] (ca. 296 to 298—2 May 373), the 4th century Bishop of Alexandria, Doctor of the Church, dogmatically states: − :"21.The Father is made of none, neither created, nor begotten. <br>"22.The Son is of the Father alone, not made, nor created, but begotten. <br>"23.The Holy Ghost is of the Father, and of the Son neither made, nor created, nor begotten, but proceeding." − − :The Greek text from the time of Athanasius and the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed has no punctuation, no commas. <br>Note the position of the first comma in the last sentence of the translation as quoted here above. <br> "The Holy Ghost is of the Father'''<big><big><big>,</big></big></big>'''<br> and of the Son neither made, nor created, nor begotten, but proceeding." − − :When the comma (or semicolon, in other translations) is removed from immediately after "the Father" and positioned immediately after "of the Son", it reads: <br>"The Holy Ghost is of the Father and of the Son'''<big><big><big>,</big></big></big>'''<br> neither made, nor created, nor begotten, but proceeding." − − :The first punctuation is Orthodox, the second is Catholic. − − [[Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]] firmly defends the doctrine that the Holy Spirit proceeds forth from the Father alone fully according to the most ancient, unbroken apostolic faith of the original twelve apostles, and that the doctrine defended by Catholicism in the ''Filioque Clause'' is unquestionably and undeniably an unorthodox (heterodox) '''[[heresy]]'''. Orthodoxy maintains that the Holy Spirit does not, did not, and never has, proceeded eternally from the Son of the Father as the one originating principle of being (the one principle of origination) within the interior ''oeconomia'' of the Divine and Holy Trinity, but only '''''dia''''' "through" the Son from the Father alone. The Father is not subordinate to the Son and the Holy Spirit; the Son is not subordinate to the Father and the Holy Spirit; the Holy Spirit is not subordinate to the Father and the Son; One God equally with God the Son, the Holy Spirit is God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, which [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Ecumenical_Councils all Seven Ecumenical (Trinitarian) Councils affirm]. − − The Orthodox Church holds to the canons of [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Third_Ecumenical_Council '''The Third Council of Ephesus 431'''] which had forbidden any further changes to the [[Nicene Creed]], '''except for another [[Ecumenical council|Ecumenical Council]]''', and according to the Eastern Patriarchs and Bishops also requiring the approbation of a [[Byzantine Empire|Christian Emperor]] to be legitimate and binding. Two Ecumenical Councils fulfilling all the requirements of legitimacy demanded by the Eastern Christians and reuniting the Church of the East and the West affirmed the use of the ''Filioque Clause''''':''' [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Councils_of_Lyons '''The Second Council of Lyons 1274'''] and [https://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Florence '''The Council of Florence 1439''' (Florence-Ferrara-Basil)]. <br> The Second Council of Lyons was called to act on a firm pledge by Byzantine emperor Michael VIII to reunite the Eastern church with the West, with Pope Gregory X presiding over the council. <br> The Council of Florence was desired by Emperor Manuel II to discuss union, which, with the agreement of the Western Church, had his supportive authorization, together with the continuing approbation of the son of Emperor Manuel II, his successor, Emperor John Palaeologus VIII, the prominent figure in the discussions of the Council,. The Popes were Martin V, the Pope of the initial phase of planning, and Eugenius IV, authorizing and confirming the decisions and canons of the council. <br> See − *[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Filioque '''Filioque''' (orthodoxwiki.org)] − *[http://www.jbburnett.com/resources/lossky/lossky_img4-process-filioq.pdf '''The Procession of the Holy Spirit in Orthodox Trinitarian Doctrine''', Vladimir Lossky (jbburnett.com)] "''Whether we like it or not, the question of the procession of the Holy Spirit has been the sole dogmatic grounds for the separation of East and West.''" <br> Author Vladimir Lossky also declares: "''Every energy, every manifestation, comes from the Father, is expressed in the Son, and goes forth in the Holy Spirit. This procession– natural, "energetic," manifesting– must be clearly distinguished from hypostatic procession, which is personal, internal, from the Father alone.''" − See also − *[https://www.catholic.com/qa/how-do-we-counter-the-charge-that-the-addition-of-filioque-was-an-illicit-alteration-of-the '''How do we counter the charge that the addition of 'filioque' was an illicit alteration of the Creed?''' (catholic.com)] − :"''Edicts of an [[ecumenical council]] are binding on Christians, but they are not binding on another ecumenical council unless they are pronouncing a matter of faith or morals.''" − *[http://rtforum.org/lt/lt29.html '''Papal Authority in the First Ecumenical Councils''', by Brian W. Harrison (rtforum.org)] − *[http://silouanthompson.net/wp-content/uploads/The-Reception-of-the-Ecumenical-Councils-in-the-Early-Church.pdf '''The Reception of the Ecumenical Councils in the Early Church''', Bishop Hilarion (Alfeyev) of Podolsk - ''St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly'' 47:3-4 (2003) 413-30 (silouanthompson.net)] pdf − *[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/3_john/1-9.htm '''multiple commentaries on 3 John 9'''] − *[https://biblehub.com/commentaries/hebrews/13-17.htm '''multiple commentaries on Hebrews 13:17'''] − *article '''[[Sola spiritu]]''' "by the Spirit alone". − − At issue is the question of − − :whether the eternal Father through the Holy Spirit proceeding eternally forth from him ''spirates'' or "breathes forth" the eternal Word the Logos, the eternally-begotten Son "born of the Father before all ages", − − :or whether the eternal Father through the eternal Word the Logos, the eternally-begotten Son "born of the Father before all ages", ''spirates'' or "breathes forth" the Holy Spirit proceeding eternally forth from him, <br> or whether the Father and the Son, in unity of being, eternally ''spirate'' or "breathe forth" their one Holy Spirit simultaneously into each other as being one Divine Essence in God the Holy Spirit as One Being, − − :or whether the One Holy Spirit of the Father being the One Holy Spirit of the Son from Him as one Spirit within the Father and the Son is the essential Spirit of Unity of the Trinity Himself, the Person of the Holy Spirit in whom is the Father and the Son and with whom united eternally all Three Persons are One God. − − According to the most ancient Greek fathers, the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father to the Son and proceeds from the Son to the Father, proceeding eternally from each into the other, One God coming forth from One God, God from God to God in God, no one of the Persons "before or after another; none greater or less than another". '''''See''''' − *[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/circumincession '''Circumincession''' (dictionary.com)] "''reciprocal existence''" − *[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/reciprocal '''reciprocal''' (dictionary.com)] − *[https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Perichoresis.html '''Perichoresis''' (''Circumincession'') (ipfs.io)] − *[http://www.catholic-catechism.com/level_64.htm '''The Catechism of the Catholic Church in Questions and Answers''', Fr. Reto Nay - Part One, Section Two, Chapter 3, Article 8, In Brief, 691-738. (catholic-catechism.com)] − − The [[Athanasian Creed]] states the following points of '''[[orthodox]] [[catholic]] [[Christianity|Christian]] [[dogma]]:''' − :8. The Father uncreated, the Son uncreated, and the Holy Spirit uncreated. − :9. The Father incomprehensible, the Son incomprehensible, and the Holy Spirit incomprehensible. − :10. The Father eternal, the Son eternal, and the Holy Spirit eternal. − :11. And yet they are not three eternals but one eternal. − :12. As also there are not three uncreated nor three incomprehensible, but one uncreated and one incomprehensible. − :13. So likewise the Father is almighty, the Son almighty, and the Holy Spirit almighty. − :14. And yet they are not three almighties, but one almighty. − :15. So the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God; − :16. And yet they are not three Gods, but one God. − :17. So likewise the Father is Lord, the Son Lord, and the Holy Spirit Lord; − :18. And yet they are not three Lords but one Lord. − :19. For like as we are compelled by the Christian verity to acknowledge every Person by himself to be God and Lord; − :20. So are we forbidden by the catholic religion to say; There are three Gods or three Lords. − :21. The Father is made of none, neither created nor begotten. − :22. The Son is of the Father alone; not made nor created, but begotten. − :23. The Holy Spirit is of the Father and of the Son neither made, nor created, nor begotten, but proceeding. − :24. So there is one Father, not three Fathers; one Son, not three Sons; one Holy Spirit, not three Holy Spirits. − :25. And in this Trinity none is afore or after another; none is greater or less than another. − :26. But the whole three persons are coeternal, and coequal. − :27. So that in all things, as aforesaid, the Unity in Trinity and the Trinity in Unity is to be worshipped. − The Catholic doctrine claims to be perfectly consonant with Athanasius in asserting that − *In the Trinity there is one Unity of origin not three origins. − *The Father and the Son are one Unity of origin of the Holy Spirit not two origins. − *So the Holy Spirit proceeds from one Unity of origin undivided in the Father and the Son as One God in One God from One God, not proceeding from two sources of origin as divided and separated each from the other without Oneness in Unity, for "in this Trinity none is afore or after another; none is greater or less than another" as Athanasius hath said and we so believe. − − See the following '''Christian Monarchian''' articles against [[Trinity|Trinitarianism]]: − *[http://www.jesus-messiah.com/apologetics/catholic/trinity.html '''The Trinity Doctrine Is Pagan: The Trinitarian Heresy of the Council of Nicaea'''", By Pastor G. Reckart, Pastor (jesus-messiah.com)] − *[http://jesus-messiah.com/apologetics/catholic/creeds.html '''The Trinity Doctrine Is Pagan: The Creeds''', by G. Reckart, Pastor (jesus-messiah.com)] − :—"''The Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit are one God in three manifestations. There is one God and one Spirit and this God and this Spirit as to time and eternity is Father in creation, Son in redemption, and Holy Spirit in regeneration.''" ... − :—"''No one can accept the trinity without becoming at that very instant a Catholic. The creeds state this, and those who use the Creeds to substanitiate their doctrine of the trinity proves they are Catholics.''" —G. Reckart (jesus-messiah.com) − Compare: [[Monarchianism]]; [[Modalism]]; [[Unitarianism]]. − *[https://www.gotquestions.org/Dynamic-Monarchianism.html '''What is Dynamic Monarchianism?''' (gotquestions.org)] − *[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Sabellianism '''Sabellianism''' (orthodoxwiki.org)] − *[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Monarchianism '''Monarchianism''' (orthodoxwiki.org)] − *[https://carm.org/monarchianism '''Monarchianism''', Matt Slick - CARM Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (carm.org)] − *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10448a.htm '''Monarchians''' - Catholic Encyclopedia (newadvent.org)] ''Dynamists, Adoptionists, Modalists'' − *[http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Monarchianism '''Monarchianism''' - New World Encyclopedia (newworldencyclopedia.org)] − *[https://www.watchman.org/articles/other-religious-topics/heresies_then-and-now/ '''Heresies: Then and Now''', Jason Barker (watchman.org)] ''Offers scriptural refutations'' − − :Read '''[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14%3A10-23&version=KJV John 14:10-23 (KJV)]''' and '''[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+16%3A7-15&version=KJV 16:7-15 (KJV)]'''. − − =="''when he, the Spirit of truth, has come, he will guide you into all truth''"== − John 16:13. In the context of the Gospel, as interpreted by Christian tradition, the Spirit of truth is The Third Person of the Holy Trinity, [[God]] the [[Holy Spirit]]. − − The greatest challenge in history has always been the question of [[truth]]. It is the central issue of [[religion]] and [[philosophy]], which directly involves controversies over [[authority]] and [[education]] and the central debate between [[theism]] and [[atheism]], the differences between [[paganism]] and [[Judaism]] and [[Christianity]], and the divide between [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]] with issues of [[Heresy]] and controversies over the [[Biblical Canon|canon]] of the [[Bible]]. <br>See multiple commentaries on the following verses of the Bible relating to the Holy Spirit, and to discerning who has authority to teach the truth of God: <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/14-16.htm John 14:16] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/14-17.htm John 14:17] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/14-23.htm John 14:23] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/14-26.htm John 14:26] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/15-6.htm John 15:6] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/15-26.htm John 15:26] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/16-7.htm John 16:7] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/16-13.htm John 16:13] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/17-17.htm John 17:17] "''thy word is truth''"<br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/18-37.htm John 18:37] "''bear witness to the truth''"<br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/18-38.htm John 18:38] "''What is truth?''"<br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/deuteronomy/17-12.htm Deuteronomy 17:12] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/deuteronomy/18-15.htm Deuteronomy 18:15] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/matthew/10-40.htm Matthew 10:40] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/matthew/16-19.htm Matthew 16:19] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/matthew/18-17.htm Matthew 18:17] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/matthew/18-18.htm Matthew 18:18] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/matthew/28-20.htm Matthew 28:20] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/mark/9-37.htm Mark 9:37] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/luke/10-16.htm Luke 10:16] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/13-20.htm John 13:20] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/acts/4-18.htm Acts 4:18] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/acts/4-19.htm Acts 4:19] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/romans/13-1.htm Romans 13:1] <br> [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/romans/16-17.htm Romans 16:17] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_corinthians/3-16.htm 1 Corinthians 3:16] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_corinthians/3-17.htm 1 Corinthians 3:17] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/galatians/1-8.htm Galatians 1:8] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ephesians/3-10.htm Ephesians 3:10] "''through the church''"<br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_timothy/3-15.htm 1 Timothy 3:15] "''the pillar and ground of truth''"<br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_timothy/4-1.htm 1 Timothy 4:1] "''some''", not "''the church''"<br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_timothy/6-3.htm 1 Timothy 6:3] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_timothy/6-4.htm 1 Timothy 6:4] <br>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_timothy/6-5.htm 1 Timothy 6:5] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_timothy/4-3.htm 2 Timothy 4:3] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_timothy/4-4.htm 2 Timothy 4:4] <br>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/titus/3-1.htm Titus 3:1] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/titus/3-10.htm Titus 3:10] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/titus/3-11.htm Titus 3:11] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/hebrews/12-15.htm Hebrews 12:15] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/hebrews/13-17.htm Hebrews 13:17] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_peter/1-20.htm 2 Peter 1:20] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_peter/1-21.htm 2 Peter 1:21] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_peter/2-1.htm 2 Peter 2:1] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_peter/2-10.htm 2 Peter 2:10] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_peter/3-16.htm 2 Peter 3:16] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_peter/3-17.htm 2 Peter 3:17] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_john/2-18.htm 1 John 2:18] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_john/1-10.htm 2 John 10] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/jude/1-8.htm Jude 8] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/jude/1-11.htm Jude 11] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/numbers/16-3.htm Numbers 16:3] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/revelation/22-18.htm Revelation 22:18] <br> [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/revelation/22-19.htm Revelation 22:19] − − Both church authorities and those denounced by them as rebellious heretics firmly assert against each other, − :"''Whoever opposes my interpretation of scripture is heretical and apostate and antichrist, and by repeatedly stubborn opposition to the clear meaning of scripture which I have set before you resists the authority and guidance of the Holy Spirit, and is manifestly an enemy of the truth and follower of the Devil.''" − At issue is the fulfillment of the promise of the Lord Jesus Christ guaranteeing the [[discernment]] of the fulness of the truth of the Gospel as actually revealed by God through the infallible guidance of the Spirit of truth. − − Two fundamentally opposed positions confront anyone seeking to discern the truth of Christian doctrine:<br>—The truth of any doctrine proposed by the [[magisterium]] is always subordinate and subject to correction according to the interpretation of scripture by the discernment of the individual Christian believer and by the discernment of any group of ordinary like-minded Christians in agreement with each other under the infallible guiding inspiration of the Holy Spirit.<br>—The truth of any doctrine proposed by the individual Christian believer and by the discernment of any group of ordinary like-minded Christians in agreement with each other is always subordinate and subject to correction according to the interpretation of scripture by the discernment of the magisterium under the infallible guiding inspiration of the Holy Spirit. − − The ordinary Christian who has read the whole of scripture according to its simple and plain sense is faced with what appear to be the evident teaching in the Bible that no man nor company of men, no church nor public officers, are to interpret the Scripture of their own heads, according to their own minds, so as to make their private sense be the sense of Scripture, but to seek the understanding of it from God in humble obedience to those who are over them as chief shepherds of the flock ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+13%3A17&version=RSVCE Hebrews 13:17]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+5%3A1-5&version=RSVCE 1 Peter 5:1-5]), who through them shows them the fuller meaning of the word in the word itself, resolving doubts and controversies over it, and by his Spirit leads believers, in their searching the Scripture, into the understanding of his mind in it: God himself being the Author of the word. Those who reject authority reject God ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+13%3A1-2&version=RSVCE Romans 13:1-2]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+23%3A1-12&version=RSVCE Matthew 23:1-12]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+4&version=RSVCE 1 Corinthians 4]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+3%3A13-17&version=RSVCE 1 Peter 3:13-17]). On the principle of ''sola scriptura'' the Bible has no text that commands foully insulting disrespect and disobedience toward authority, either pagan or Christian, civil authority or ecclesiastical head ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+2%3A12-23&version=RSVCE 1 Peter 2:12-23]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+3%3A9-17&version=RSVCE 3:9-17]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+2%3A9-11&version=RSVCE 2 Peter 2:9-11]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jude+1%3A8-10&version=RSVCE Jude 8-10]). − − The following resources are relevant to the issue of [[discernment|discernment of truth]] "''When the Spirit of truth comes, he will lead you into all truth, forever.''" (John 14:15-16; 16:12-14)<br>—'''[[Epistles of Ignatius]]''' ''about A.D. 110, regarding authority in the [[Early Christianity|early church]].''<br>—[https://www.britannica.com/topic/pentarchy '''Pentarchy - Christianity''' - Britannica Encyclopedia (britannica.com)] "''Rule of Five''"—''The historical development of the five primary Patriarchates of the Christian Catholic Church, and the controversial removal of the Primacy of Authority from the Bishop of Rome to the Patriarch of Constantinople by the Emperor as earthly head of the Church.'' <br>—[https://www.britannica.com/topic/caesaropapism '''Caesaropapism''' - Britannica Encyclopedia (britannica.com)]<br>—[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08084c.htm '''Conflict of Investitures''' - Catholic Encyclopedia (newadvent.org)]<br>—[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_movements_declared_heretical_by_the_Catholic_Church '''List of movements declared heretical by the Catholic Church''' - Wikipedia]<br>—[http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Leo10/l10exdom.htm '''''Exsurge Domini'' Condemning the Errors of Martin Luther''' (papalencyclicals.net)]<br>—[http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/luther/againstexecrablebull.html '''Against the Execrable Bull of the Antichrist (exerpt)''' (law2.umke.edu)]<br>—[http://beggarsallreformation.blogspot.com/2007/11/luther-sola-scriptura-had-devastating.html '''Luther: Sola Scriptura Had a "Devastating Effect"?''' – Beggars All (beggarsallreformation.blogspot.com)]<br>—[http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/ecumenical/athenagoras_romancatholicism.htm '''Christian Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism''', by Archbishop Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyatira (orthodoxresearchinstitute.org)]<br>—[http://orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/prot_rc_heresy.aspx '''Are Protestantism and Roman Catholicism Heretical?''' (orthodoxinfo.com)]<br>—[https://answersingenesis.org/hermeneutics/how-we-interpret-the-bible-principles-for-understanding/ '''How Should We Interpret the Bible, Part 1: Principles for Understanding God's Word. Apologetics''', by Tim Chaffey (answersingenesis.org)]<br>—[http://www.tyndalesploughboy.org/about/ '''Tyndale's Ploughboy''', Dr. Herbert L. Samworth (tyndalesploughboy.org)] ''Protestant [[Hermeneutics]] on "Rightly dividing the Word of Truth"—Dr. Samworth offers a practical program of informed Biblical interpretation and systematic study from the Protestant perspective and Evangelical Christian tradition.'' (The Holy Spirit leading into all truth.)<br>—[http://www.patheos.com/blogs/davearmstrong/2009/06/catholic-interpretation-of-scripture-hermeneutics-exegesis-resource-list-links.html '''Biblical Evidence for Catholicism with Dave Armstrong: Catholic Hermeneutics and Exegesis: Resources and Links''', Dave Armstrong (patheos.com)] ''Catholic Hermeneutics on "Holding to the traditions which you were taught" in which "we have the mind of Christ"—Dave Armstrong offers guidelines to an informed understanding of scripture without distortion and a listing of online sites and resources with practical programs of study from the Catholic perspective of 2000 years of orthodox catholic Christian tradition.'' (The Holy Spirit leading into all truth.)<br>—[https://blogs.ancientfaith.com/glory2godforallthings/2008/05/02/an-orthodox-hermeneutic/ '''An Orthodox Hermeneutic''', by Fr. Stephen Freeman (ancientfaith.com)] ''Orthodox Hermeneutics as the legitimate expression of the Christian doctrine that '''the Church''' is "manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart" ([http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_corinthians/3-3.htm 2 Corinthians 3:3])—Fr. Freeman declares that, to a certain extent, to say that the Scriptures are the Church’s book is a [[tautology]], for either the Church as a whole, tradition, scripture and worship, is that epistle, written in the fleshy tables of the heart, or it is not the Church at all. Therefore a legitimately informed understanding of sacred scripture is properly done only according to the whole content of the pure Orthodox Faith of the Apostles apart from the adulterations of illegitimate and heretical distortions of non-Orthodox heterodoxy''. See '''''Orthodox Study Bible''''' [http://store.ancientfaith.com/orthodox-study-bible/] [https://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Orthodox_Study_Bible] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Study_Bible]. (The Holy Spirit leading into all truth.)<br>—[http://www.thecatholictreasurechest.com/apostasy.htm '''The So-called "Great Apostasy" Has Already Come to Pass! But it did not happen when non-Catholics claim it happened.''' And Holy Scripture teaches that it could not be the Church which Jesus Christ founded. Written by Bob Stanley (thecatholictreasurechest.com)]<br>—[http://www.bible.ca/tongues-neo-montanism.htm '''Neo-Montanism: Pentecostalism is the ancient heresy of Montanism revived''' (bible.ca)]<br>—[https://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2013/october/charismatic-renewal-movement.html '''Understanding The Charismatic Movement''', Ed Stetzer (christianitytoday.com)] − − The most important key ''controversial argument'' drawn from the whole context of the above extensive list of Bible texts and others in the Bible is that "the true Church" is − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who teaches that the truth and the Holy Spirit departed from the earth for a time (centuries) so that the gospel of Christ was not taught in truth all that time − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who teaches that the gospel has "only now" been restored in all its fullness, − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who disobeyed those who were "over [him/her] in the Lord", − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who "went out from" a church and separated from it, − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who taught a doctrine different from the church he/she left, − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who teaches that the established secular governments and the religious authorities of any long-established institutional church of organized religion have no authority from God that the people of God are obligated to obey, − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who takes words out of the original languages of the book of the Bible or adds them, − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who falsifies copies of the Bible with changed texts, forged manuscipts or inaccurate translations which change its meaning, − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who removed books from the Bible or added books to the Bible, − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who changes the understanding of the meaning of biblical texts or the Bible as a whole with doctrinal distortions of interpretation and agenda-based commentaries, − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who claims a new revelation from God which contradicts the scriptures and abolishes all previous revelation and religion, − *'''''not''''' one founded by someone who claims to be a messiah and savior superior to Jesus. − − This argument is a form of [[Mathematics|mathematical]] [[Formal logic|logic]] or [[algebra]]ic formulation (like the [[Argument from religious experience]]): − − :God exists, − − :God gave Jesus all authority in heaven and earth, − − :Jesus pointed to his miraculous works as evidence and cause to believe in his authority, − − :Jesus gave his twelve apostles all authority to teach and preach, − − :Jesus sent the Holy Spirit on the church to lead it into all truth forever, − − :the twelve apostles by their authority from Jesus from God under the Holy Spirit imparted the fullness of their authority to their successors through the laying on of their hands, − − :and the church was shepherded and ruled by the successors of the apostles with full apostolic authority, − − :who in turn by their authority imparted the fullness of apostolic authority to their successors, − − :who have guided infallibly by God the Holy Spirit the church established by Christ, − − :which has never lost its authority to preach and to teach and has never lost the truth: − − :''therefore'' the one, holy, universal (catholic) and apostolic church is the only true church having the full Gospel of God and the full authority of Jesus Christ himself. See [[Apostolic succession]]. − − Many former Protestants have accepted this argument to justify their conversion to the Catholic and Orthodox churches in direct opposition to the [[Protestant Reformation]]. Many Catholics and Orthodox Christians use this same reasoning to justify remaining with their churches. They insist that the doctrine and practices of the Church have been seriously maligned and erroneously misrepresented by both militant Protestants and militant [[Atheist]]s. − − See '''[https://www.catholic.com/tract/the-great-heresies The Great Heresies (catholic.com)]''' <br>''a list of heresies committed by Catholics''.<br>See [[Logical fallacy]]. − − Against this argument, Evangelical, Reformed, Baptist and Fundamentalist Christians proclaim that a [[Great Apostasy]] occurred shortly after the death of the last of the twelve original apostles of Jesus, which destroyed the purity of the Gospel as early as A.D. 95, and by compromise with pagan cultural influences ([[Gradualism]]) diluted it with false doctrine, pagan philosophy and pagan practices of mysticism and idolatry, and then utterly rejected the true Gospel by replacing it with a merit-driven system of salvation based solely on good works alone, which cultivates pride, and turns people against the holiness of God and the simple gift of unmerited salvation to be found in Jesus Christ alone, an apostasy from the truth of God which drove the Holy Spirit away. They argue that the Holy Spirit returned after an absence of 1500 years to restore to the earth the fullness of the purity of the Gospel of Jesus Christ through the inspired ministry of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformers]] and the miraculous mass printing and distribution of the Bible which they had purged of false [[apocrypha]]l writings they proclaimed were inspired by the Devil, writings which lent support to "the damnable pagan doctrines of Catholicism and Orthodoxy". − − Many former Catholics and Orthodox have accepted this argument to justify their conversion to Protestantism in direct opposition to Catholic and Orthodox doctrines. Many Protestants, Evangelical, Reformed, Baptist, and Fundamentalist Christians, use this same reasoning to justify avoidance of all contact with Catholicism and Orthodoxy and all published Catholic and Orthodox [[Apologetics|apologetic]] literature as deceitful and soul-destroying lies cunningly inspired by [[Satan]] and coming from the pits of hell, [[Specious reasoning|speciously]] disguised as truth. − − See [http://www.thecatholictreasurechest.com/apostasy.htm '''The So-called "Great Apostasy" Has Already Come to Pass! But it did not happen when non-Catholics claim it happened''' (thecatholictreasurechest.com)] − − According to the logical form of the arguments above, '''''If''''' the truth of the Gospel has ever been lost for any length of time and the chief leaders and shepherds of the church led the people into apostasy after the death of the apostles '''''then''''' Jesus did not keep his promise and he is a false teacher. <br>'''''If''''' Jesus kept his promise and the Holy Spirit has ''never failed'' to infallibly guide the chief leaders and shepherds of the church into all truth '''''then''''' every charge of apostasy and false doctrine presented against the church (which has continued to exist and preach and teach since the time of the original apostles) is a false charge, and those who make these false charges are false teachers (who have been deceived).<br>Historical records of the 16th century debates between leading Catholic theologians and Protestant Reformation leaders and theologians show that Protestantism firmly rejects this argument as "''clever [[sophistry]]''" inspired by the Devil. See for example − *[https://www.catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/how-to-make-sound-arguments-for-the-faith '''How to Make Sound Arguments for the Faith''', by Matt Fradd] − *[http://www.protestanterrors.com/ '''The Errors of Protestantism''' (protestanterrors.com)] − *[http://catholicapologetics.info/apologetics/protestantism/protin.htm '''The Protestant Inquisition: "Reformation"''' (catholicapologetics.info)] − ::<small>I. PROTESTANT INTOLERANCE: AN INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW <br>II. PROTESTANT DIVISIONS AND MUTUAL ANIMOSITIES <br>III. PLUNDER AS AN AGENT OF RELIGIOUS REVOLUTION <br>IV. SYSTEMATIC SUPPRESSION OF CATHOLICISM <br>V. VIOLENT RADICALISM AND THE PROTESTANT REVOLUTION <br>VI. DEATH AND TORTURE FOR CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANT DISSIDENTS <br>VII. PROTESTANT WITCH HUNTS <br>VIII. PROTESTANT CENSORSHIP</small> − *[http://www.biblicalcatholic.com/apologetics/num37.htm '''The Protestant Inquisition: The English Reformation''' (biblicalcatholic.com)] − *[https://sensusfidelium.us/apologetics/the-catholic-controversy-st-francis-de-sales/the-protestant-violation-of-holy-scripture/ '''The Protestant Violation of Holy Scripture''' (sensusfidelium.us)] − *[http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books/Foxes%20Book%20of%20Martyrs.pdf '''Foxes Book of Martyrs''' PDF (''scroll down to page'' 31 ''of'' 256 "CHAPTER IV - Papal Persecutions" ''and continue'')] − *[http://jesus-is-savior.com/False%20Religions/Roman%20Catholicism/catholic_heresies-a_list.htm '''List of Catholic Heresies And Human Traditions Adopted and Perpetuated by the Roman Catholic Church in the Course of 1600 Years''', Compiled by Rev. Stephen L. Testa (jesus-is-savior.com)] − − {{quotation|Conservapedia cannot tell the reader what to believe. Every effort is made to provide reliable and verifiable information in encyclopedic form for honest and balanced treatment. At issue is the promise of Jesus to send the Holy Spirit to be with us forever and to lead us into all truth with the command to obey those he has appointed and sent with authority to shepherd his people.}}
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Revision as of 19:21, December 13, 2019
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