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+ conservation of energy
where <math>\mathrm{d}U</math> is the infinitesimal increase in the internal energy, <math>\delta Q</math> is the infinitesimal amount of heat added, and <math>\delta W</math> is the infinitesimal amount of work performed.
where <math>\mathrm{d}U</math> is the infinitesimal increase in the internal energy, <math>\delta Q</math> is the infinitesimal amount of heat added, and <math>\delta W</math> is the infinitesimal amount of work performed.
A ramification of this is the [[Principle of conservation of energy]]; the amount of energy in the closed system of the universe remains constant. This can be combined with the principle of [[Mass-Energy Equivalence]] to demonstrate that the amount of mass in the universe is constant.
Note that if no energy is added, then the maximum amount of work that can be performed by the system is equal to its initial energy. This prevents the existence of a type of [[perpetual motion machine]].
Note that if no energy is added, then the maximum amount of work that can be performed by the system is equal to its initial energy. This prevents the existence of a type of [[perpetual motion machine]].
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Physics]]